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	Biogeochemical cycle - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In ecology, a biogeochemical cycle is a circuit or pathway by which a chemical element or molecule moves through both biotic ("bio-") and abiotic ("geo-") compartments of an ecosystem.
		In effect, the element is recycled, although in some such cycles there may be places (called "sinks") where the element is accumulated or held for a long period of time.
		Biogeochemical cycles always involve equilibrium states: a balance in the cycling of the element between compartments.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Biogeochemical_cycle (141 words)

	ATMS449 - Biogeochemical Cycles - Welcome (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The study of biogeochemical cycles is one of the key growing research areas in environmental research.
		Biogeochemical cycles are crucial for the maintenance of life on Earth.
		Biogeochemical cycles impact climate, and climate change impacts on the biogeochemical cycles.
	www.atmos.uiuc.edu /courses/atms449-sp05 (155 words)

	Nitrogen Cycles Project: 2. Biogeochemical Cycle
		It is a concept that recognizes the dynamism of multiple, complex processes that move, transform and store chemicals in the geosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere.
		The term biogeochemical cycles expresses the interactions among the organic (bio-) and inorganic (geo-) worlds, and focuses on the chemistry (chemical-), and movement (cycles) of chemical elements and compounds.
		In studying biogeochemical cycles, it is important to express in a common unit the amount of each element in all its phases and all its chemical compounds.
	www.sws.uiuc.edu /nitro/biogen.asp (860 words)

	Biogeochemical Exploration for Gold in the SW Pacific (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Biogeochemical surveys were conducted over gold deposits on Lihir and Simberi Islands in Papua New Guinea to test whether they could be used in place of soil surveys in densely vegetated, young volcanic regions.
		Biogeochemical prospecting has been used as an exploration method for mineral deposits worldwide, particularly in boreal forests and semi-arid regions and papers have been published on work in tropical areas.
		Biogeochemical surveys can be conducted in 25% of the time and at 50% of the cost of conventional soil sampling surveys.
	www.syd.dem.csiro.au /research/hydrothermal/brent/BiogeochemPNG.html (951 words)

	The Environmental Literacy Council - Biogeochemical Cycles
		Carbon, however, is relatively rare in the Earth's crust, and nitrogen, though abundant in the atmosphere, is in a form that is not useable by living organisms.
		Biogeochemical cycles are subject to disturbance by human activities.
		Humans accelerate natural biogeochemical cycles when elements are extracted from their reservoirs, or sources, and deposited back into the environment (sinks).
	www.enviroliteracy.org /subcategory.php?id=198&print=1 (693 words)

	Incorporating Human Dimensions In Earth System Models
		While there are strong and growing links between physical climate and biogeochemical research, the links to the human dimension have largely been ignored.
		In order to develop biogeochemical models, it is critical to accurately account for changes in the driving forces stemming from human activity.
		Their development, in a way which can be coupled to physical climate and biogeochemical models will ultimately enable the modeling community to make reliable estimates of future impact of global change on the basis of evolving drivers to the system.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/1998-05/AGU-IHDI-210598.php (352 words)

	Human interference in biogeochemical cycles
		Human interference in biogeochemical cycles: Causes, Consequences & Solutions Introduction All forms of life on Earth are involved in and dependent on the on the interaction among the atmosphere, oceans and the crusts through a variety of biogeochemical cycles.
		A biogeochemical cycle is defined as the interactions among the organic (bio-) and inorganic (geo-) worlds, and focuses on the chemistry (chemical-), and movement (cycles) of chemical elements and compounds.
		Biogeochemical Cycles Firstly, carbon is one of the most common elements on Earth and it is the basis of all living organisms.
	www.radessays.com /link.php?site=re&aff=netessays&dest=viewpaper.php?request=34694 (269 words)

	GAIM WINTER 97 NEWSLETTER
		Biogeochemical functions include the transformation and cycling of elements, retention and removal of dissolved substances from surface waters, and accumulation of peats and inorganic sediments.
		Biogeochemical processes such as methane production, sulfate reduction, denitrification, and iron reduction are driven by organic matter decomposition, while others such as detrital organic carbon and inorganic sediment storage are driven by sediment transport.
		While prognostic biogeochemical models are presently in a very primitive stage of development, comparison of the models will lead to better identification of data needs, shortcomings in our understanding of rates and interactions between changing subsystem components, and sensitivities of models to uncertainties in each subsystem component as well as component interactions.
	gaim.unh.edu /Products/News/Winter97/index.html (11893 words)

	Institute of Ecosystem Studies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The rotation of crop plants is a key aspect of vegetation dynamics in many agricultural systems, and insights from the ecosystem effects of crop rotations can be important to understanding the ecosystem effects of transitions in vegetation composition in natural systems.
		It is critical to study the influences of crop rotations because biogeochemical cycling in rotations is very different than would be expected in either component crop alone.
		To date, studies of the ecosystem-level effects of CO have focused primarily on natural ecosystems, while studies in agricultural ecosystems have focused on crop yield and quality, to the neglect of ecosystem-level variables such as nitrogen (N) cycling.
	www.ecostudies.org /people_sci_eviner_corn_soybean.html (355 words)

	SurfWax: News, Reviews and Articles On Biogeochemical Cycles
		The study, published recently in Global Biogeochemical Cycles, focused on the marine organism Trichodesmium, the best-known "fixer" of atmospheric nitrogen.
		This study was conducted as part of a five-year interdisciplinary project funded by the National Science Foundation to investigate the consequences of greenhouse warming for biocomplexity and biogeochemical cycles.
		In a study that appeared in the January 2005 electronic issue of the journal Global Biogeochemical Cycles, the team found that their implied growth rates for phytoplankton matched laboratory studies.
	news.surfwax.com /biology/files/Biogeochemical_Cycles.html (1116 words)

	UMass IGS Concentration
		Anthropogenic environmental change is typically mediated through both perturbation of biogeochemical cycles, as in the case of coastal eutrophication or increasing atmospheric CO2, as well as through the introduction of contaminants, such as toxic organic compounds (e.g.
		The MBCEC concentration provides the student a fundamental understanding of major marine biogeochemical cycles and their interactions with physical and biological components of marine systems.
		Emphasis is on the role of biogeochemical cycles on natural and anthropogenic environmental change across a variety of settings from coastal to open ocean environments.
	www.umassmarine.net /courses/showconcentrations.cfm?concentration_ID=4 (302 words)

	Life and Biogeochemical Cycles
		The transport and transformation of substances in the environment, through life, air, sea, land, and ice, are known collectively as biogeochemical cycles.
		Another example of a major biogeochemical cycle of significance to climate and life is the sulfur cycle.
		The carbon cycle includes four main reservoirs of stored carbon: as CO2 in the atmosphere; as organic compounds in living or recently dead organisms; as dissolved carbon dioxide in the oceans and other bodies of water; and as calcium carbonate in limestone and in buried organic matter (e.g.
	essp.csumb.edu /esse/climate/climatebiogeo.html (2017 words)

	Darwin Center for Biogeology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Moreover, given the global character of biogeochemical cycles it is imperative to bridge the ‘spatial gap’ between (microbial) ecologists and geochemists.
		Thus, the relation between (the perturbation of) biogeochemical cycles and ecosystem functioning can only be properly studied in the context of a close cooperation between biologists and earth scientists.
		Priority is given to the unravelling of important biogeochemical cycles with emphasis on the microbial role on the one hand, and the relative importance of various cycles in functioning of the ecosystems on the other.
	www.darwincentrum.nl /themes.html (376 words)

	chapter4.html
		Biogeochemical cycles are part of the larger cycles that describe the functioning of the whole Earth (not just the surface parts)
		In the absence of humans, are the biogeochemical cycles stable?
		Change is a part of natural biogeochemical cycles resulting in periods of abundant biota and periods of scarce biota (both ocean and land).
	www.colorado.edu /GeolSci/courses/GEOL1070/chap04/chapter4.html (1458 words)

	SOFIA - Integrated Biogeochemical Studies in the Everglades: Nutrients and Sulfur - Proposal 2001 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Phase I studies of nutrient and sulfur geochemistry in the south Florida Ecosystem were included under the project "Biogeochemical Processes in the Everglades: Nutrients and Sulfur", William H. Orem, Project Chief (FY 1995 – FY 1999).
		By the use of isotopes, we can trace amendments made to the water column, sediments or periphyton and determine whether new mercury is "feeding" this problem, or whether it is a "recycling" phenomenon.
		We will examine biogeochemical processes controlling N and P recycling in the important mangrove fringe zone which appears to act as a nutrient accumulator area.
	sofia.usgs.gov /proposals/2001/intgeochemnutsp01.html (6796 words)

	IGBP - International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		IMBER aims to investigate the sensitivity of marine biogeochemical cycles and ecosystems to global change, on time scales ranging from years to decades.
		This requirement is the basis of the IMBER goal, which is to investigate the sensitivity of marine biogeochemical cycles and ecosystems to global change, on time scales ranging from years to decades.
		Theme 2 is the heart of IMBER research and considers the impact of global change on biogeochemical cycles, ecosystems and their interactions.
	www.igbp.kva.se /cgi-bin/php/list.show.php?section_id=36&article_id=309 (540 words)

	research center ocean margins - B: Biogeochemical Processes
		This Research Area is concerned with the investigation of modern geochemical and microbial processes in sediments and in seawater at ocean margins.
		This comprises the analysis, quantification, and budgeting of material fluxes including the cycles of natural and anthropogenic constituents at the seafloor, the impact of fluid seeps, microbial and biogeochemical processes in deep subsurface sediments, the kinetics of organic matter decay and nutrient regeneration, and the importance of lateral transport processes.
		A fundamental understanding of recent geochemical and microbial processes is also important for the interpretation of the geological record.
	www.rcom-bremen.de /English/Biogeochemical_Processes.html (237 words)

	GCDIS: publications - Carbon Data and Information Citations from Recent USGCRP and IPCC Global Change Assessment ...
		In: Global Biogeochemical Cycles and their Interrelationship with Climate [Schulze, E.-A., S.P. Harrison, M. Heimann, E.A. Holland, J. Lloyd, I.C. Prentice, and D.S. Schimel (eds.)], Academic Press.
		Falkowski, P.G., 1997: Evolution of the nitrogen cycle and its influence on the biological CO2 pump in the ocean.
		Yamanaka, Y., and E. Tajika, 1996: The role of the vertical fluxes of particulate organic matter and calcite in the oceanic carbon cycle: Studies using an ocean biogeochemical general circulation model.
	www.globalchange.gov /pubs/carbon-citations.html (14437 words)

	Global Biogeochemical Cycles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Note: At 11:00 am EST, Wednesday, 23 March, the AGU website will be unavailable for approximately 1 hour because of planned maintenance.
		Global Biogeochemical Cycles Includes papers in the broad areas of global change involving the geosphere and biosphere.
		Marine, hydrologic, atmospheric, extraterrestrial, geologic, biologic, and human causes of and response to environmental change on timescales of tens, thousands, and millions of years are the purview of the journal.
	earth.agu.org /pubs/agu_jourgbc.html (102 words)

	Global Biogeochemical Cycles in the Climate System
		The interaction of biogeochemical cycles influence and maintain our climate system.
		Land use and fossil fuel emissions are presently impacting the biogeochemical cycles of carbon, nitrogen and sulphur on land, in the atmosphere, and in the oceans.
		This edited volume brings together 34 scholarly contributions on the state of our knowledge of earth system interactions among the oceans, land and atmosphere.
	www.cplpress.com /contents/C395.htm (129 words)

	Faculty Profile: Changsheng S. Li
		The major results from the above-mentioned studies were (1) accomplishment of comparison of coupled C and N biogeochemical cycles in cropland between the U.S. and China.
		The DNDC model was modified to precisely track impacts of alternative water management on C and N biogeochemical cycles under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions.
		Li, C. Biogeochemical concepts and methodologies: Development of the DNDC model.
	www.unh.edu /natural-resources/fac-cli.html (895 words)

	DPS Mailing #03-16
		This session will provide a forum for understanding how biogeochemical cycles evolved on Earth and how to use that knowledge to search for evidence of past or present life on other planets and to explore the future of life on Earth.
		At the heart of this enigma is our ignorance of the rules of biochemical evolution that govern how energy conversion between coupled chemical processes evolved to become "living" organisms and of the mechanisms of the major transformations in the history of both life and the biosphere.
		As we drift further away from the biogeochemical domain that characterized Earth prior to human perturbation, we must understand how biogeochemical cycles interact with each other and other planetary processes to maintain a habitable planet.
	www.aas.org /~dps/MAIL_ARCHIVE/dpsm.03-16.html (526 words)

	Penn State Department of Meteorology · Faculty Page Najjar
		The role of the ocean in global biogeochemical cycles and climate, air-sea gas exchange, biogeochemical dynamics of estuaries.
		A central focus of my research is the role of the ocean in global biogeochemical cycles and climate.
		Finally, I am conducting research on the physical and biogeochemical dynamics of Chesapeake Bay and its watershed, and am particularly interested in the effect of anthropogenic activity on these systems.
	www.met.psu.edu /dept/faculty/najjar.htm (430 words)

	USGS Colorado Water Resources - Water, Energy, and Biogeochemical budgets in alpine/subalpine watersheds
		The USGS Water, Energy, and Biogeochemical Budgets (WEBB) program was established in 1991 to provide better understanding of the processes controlling water, energy, and biogeochemical fluxes in relatively undisturbed watersheds.
		This project and related studies in the Rocky Mountain region examine the effects of atmospheric deposition and climate change on high-elevation streams and lakes, and provide resource managers with better understanding of the effects of these stressors on sensitive ecosystems.
		Determine the role of hydrologic flowpaths and biogeochemical cycling in controlling release of solutes from these watersheds.
	co.water.usgs.gov /projects/CO257/CO257.html (158 words)

	Contents - South Florida Wetlands Ecosystem: Biogeochemical Processes in Peat - Highlighted by Ultraseek
		Examine biogeochemical processes in peats controlling nutrient and sulfur cycling in wetlands.
		Determine the rates of these biogeochemical processes for inclusion in ecosystem models.
		Sampling sites for the Biogeochemical Processes project are shown in Water Conservations Areas 1 and 2A and along Hillsburo Canal.
	search.usgs.gov /highlight/cs.html?url=http%3A//pubs.usgs.gov/fs/fs177-96/&fterm=%22Biogeochemical&la=en&charset=iso-8859-1&qt=%22Biogeochemical&col=top2000+usgs&n=10&search=../query.html%3Fcharset%3Diso-8859-1%26col%3Dtop2000%2Busgs%26qt%3D%2522Biogeochemical (222 words)

	BRIE: The Penn State Biogeochemical Research Initiative for Education
		An innovative and institutionally revolutionary component of the BRIE program will be the requirement that each student develop a cross-disciplinary module to extend and complement disciplinary coursework in a class taught by faculty in another department.
		The Keystone course in the BRIE curriculum is Geosc 597 Biogeochemical Analysis.
		This course introduces students to biogeochemical techniques, instrumentation, and faculty across the Penn State campus.
	www.ems.psu.edu /BRIE/education.html (156 words)

	MBARI - Land/Ocean Biogeochemical Observatory
		The primary focus is to measure nutrients, such as nitrate, ammonium, and phosphate, using instruments that allow for high-resolution sampling and the ability to access the data in near-real time.
		The overarching goal of the project is to demonstrate that significant synergies accrue from operating a complete network of autonomous, biogeochemical sensors for extended periods.
		In this sense, the sensors and observing system are a pilot study for larger projects that are envisioned by the ocean community, such as the NSF Ocean Observatories Initative.
	www.mbari.org /lobo (449 words)

	NCAR LSM Background (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Successful modeling of latent and sensible heat fluxes requires an accurate description of the ecological state and biogeochemical controls in addition to the traditional emphasis on the physical environment.
		More importantly, many ecological, hydrologic, biogeochemical, and atmospheric models parameterize the same processes though with vastly different time-scales and complexity.
		In the late-1980's, I became interested in combining the relevant biogeophysical, biogeochemical, hydrologic, and ecosystem processes into a comprehensive model of land-atmosphere interactions that was physically and biologically realistic and also internally self-consistent.
	www.cgd.ucar.edu /tss/lsm/background.html (245 words)

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