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Topic: Biogeographical Realms

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	Udvardy Biogeographical Provinces (Life Zones) of Africa
		Biogeographical realms are defined as continental or subcontinental-sized areas having unifying features of geography and fauna/flora/vegetation, and correspond to the terms "kingdom" for the florist and "region" for the faunist.
		Biogeographical provinces are defined as ecosystematic or biotic subdivisions of the realms (floral "regions" and faunal "provinces").
		Biogeographical realms were established by Udvardy on the basis of geographic and historic elements, utilizing ground-breaking work as appears on this topic in the published literature.
	gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov /records/GCMD_GNVd0042_104.html (408 words)

	Biogeography
		Biogeographical realms are geographical regions out of which particular assemblages of plants and animals evolved and dispersed.
		The Neotropical realm is dominated by tropical forests, savannas, and deserts.
		The Afrotropical realm is inhabited by tropical forests, savannas, and deserts.
	www.ih.k12.oh.us /HsAPBiology/biogeography.htm (977 words)

	Ecozone - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		A biogeographical realm or ecozone is a biogeographical and ecological land classification system of the world first formally proposed by Miklos Udvardy in 1975 for conservation purposes.
		Intensive regional analyses of biodiversity patterns across five continents and biogeographical realms have been used by the World Wildlife Fund to define the boundaries of terrestrial ecoregions for the Global 200.
		The biogeographic realms are also supporting current natural World Heritage sites.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Ecozone (537 words)

	Tropical Rainforest - MSN Encarta
		The Neo-Tropical realm occurs in Amazonia (the region of the Amazon basin) and Central America and represents about half the total area of the rainforests of the world.
		The Indo-Malaysian realm is distinguished by the species richness of Dipterocarpacae, a family of resinous trees of which there are about 300 species.
		The African realm has the fewest species and the smallest area of all the realms.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_781566603/Tropical_Rainforest.html (870 words)

	Asia-Pacific Forestry Sector Outlook Study: Status, Trends And Future Scenarios For Forest Conservation Including ...
		The Asia-Pacific region covers four biogeographical Realms recognised under the Udvardy classification (Udvardy, 1975) including two in their entirety: Indomalaya and Australia.
		South Asia is largely found in the Indomalayan Realm, although Pakistan, India, Nepal and Bhutan all have some northerly territory that is considered part of the Palaearctic Realm.
		Identifying biogeographical provinces that are unprotected, or poorly protected, is one of the cornerstones in setting priorities for the further development of protected areas networks.
	www.fao.org /DOCREP/003/W5475E/W5475E01.htm (1638 words)

	Global 200 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Earth's land surface can be divided into eight biogeographical realms (formerly called kingdoms, and which the WWF calls ecozones) that represent the major terrestrial communities of animals and plants, and are a synthesis of previous systems of floristic provinces and faunal regions.
		A system of biogeographical provinces was developed to identify specific geographic areas in each biogeographical realm that were of a consistent biome type, and shared distinct plant and animal communities.
		The WWF system represents a further refinement of the system of biomes (which the WWF calls "major habitat types"), biogeographical realms, and biogeographical provinces (the WWF scheme divides most biogeographical provinces into multiple smaller ecoregions).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/List_of_the_Global_200 (1174 words)

	Biodiversity: 3. What are the current trends in biodiversity?
		At large scales, across biogeographic realms and ecosystems (biomes), declines in biodiversity are recorded in all parts of the habitable world.
		In all realms (except Oceania and Antarctica), at least a quarter of the area had been converted to other land uses by 1950 (C4.4.4), and in the Indo-Malayan realm almost half of the natural habitat cover had been converted.
		(See Figure 3.1.) The temperate northern realms of the Nearctic and Palearctic are currently extensively cultivated and urbanized; however, the amount of land under cultivation and pasture seems to have stabilized in the Nearctic, with only small increases in the Palearctic in the last 40 years.
	www.greenfacts.org /biodiversity/l-3/3-extinction-endangered-species.htm (2197 words)

	Birds Around The World - Sunday, November 30, 1902
		Biogeographical Realms: The earth is divided into eight major biogeographical realms: Neotropic, Indomalayan, Australian, Palaearctic, Nearctic, Africotropical, Oceanian, Antarctic.
		The biogeographical realms are areas in which distinct plant and animal life have evolved.
		The major biogeographical regions resulted from continental drift millions of years ago or significant geologic boundaries like deserts and mountain ranges.
	wings.avkids.com /Book/Wright/science1_1902t104.html (1178 words)

	Wright Again - Birds Around The World - November 30, 1902
		Have the team draw and label at least four birds that live in their biogeographical realm on the paper.
		Each team will develop a written and oral presentation about the birds in their biogeographical realm and Egypt including the habitat, migration pattern, what they eat, physical characteristics (size, shape, color) and flight mechanics of their birds.
		Place the written reports under the bulletin board with the biogeographical realms of the earth.
	wings.avkids.com /Book/Wright/lesson2_1902t104.html (419 words)

	Definitions for Migrant Birds: What is a Neotropical Migrant?
		The biogeographical realms of the world recognized by most biogeographers (based on Brown and Gibson 1983).
		I propose that the follow- ing set of terms and definitions be adopted by orni- thologists: Altitudinal migrant.--Any species of bird or popula- tion of the species that regularly migrates from one altitude to another on an annual basis within a biogeographical realm.
		Biogeographers have long agreed that most of North America (north of central Mexico) belongs to the Nearctic realm, where- as Central America, the Caribbean and all of South America (south to Tierra del Fuego) belong to the Neotropical realm (e.g.
	elibrary.unm.edu /sora/Auk/v112n02/p0521-p0523.html (2083 words)

	[No title]
		We completed preliminary studies of the biogeographical realms of Virginia, including the tidewater area, of which Williamsburg is a part.
		Finally, as part of the study of the natural history of Virginia with integration of their biogeographical realm studies completed prior to the trip, they considered the various ecosystems of the commonwealth.
		As part of the report of activities on this field trip also answer the eight questions for your previously assigned biogeographical region and at least one major town or city within the political boundaries of that region.
	www.mcps.org /ahsscience/gallaudet/iti.html (1069 words)

	Global 200 - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		The biogeographical realms divide the Earth's land surface into eight realms (formerly called kingdoms, and which the WWF calls ecozones) that represent the major terrestrial communities of animals and plants, and are a synthesis of previous systems of floristic provinces and faunal regions.
		The WWF system represents a further refinement of the system of biomes (which the WWF calls major habitat types), biogeographical realms (WWF's ecozones), and biogeographical provinces (the WWF scheme divides most biogeographical provinces into multiple smaller ecoregions).
		The WWF assigns a conservation status to each ecoregion in the Global 200: critical or endangered; vulnerable; and relatively stable or intact.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Global_200 (1292 words)

	Terrestrial Ecosystems
		There are six biogeographical realms, roughly equivalent to the continents (except Antarctica).
		These are based on relationships among the plants and animals present in these areas, in turn because of or based on evolution and continental drift.
		Biomes sort or group areas according to the types of plants present, and the animals present in each biome depend on or correspond to the plants in that biome.
	biology.clc.uc.edu /courses/bio303/terrest_habitats.htm?o=0 (1126 words)

	Biogeographical Forest Realms—Where Rainforests are Located
		The majority of tropical rainforests are found in four biogeographic realms: the Afrotropical (mainland Africa, Madagascar, and scattered islands), the Australian (Australia, New Guinea, and the Pacific Islands), the Indomalayan (India, Sri Lanka, mainland Asia, and Southeast Asia), and the Neotropical (South America, Central America, and the Caribbean islands).
		The strip of water between these Aru islands and the Kei islands to the west, is the dividing line between the Australian realm and the set of islands connected to neither realm during the recent ice ages.
		Sulawesi (Celebes) and Lombock, despite their proximity to Borneo and Java (respectively), are not included because they are separated by a deep channel and were not linked to the Indomalayan land mass formed when the ocean receded during the ice ages.
	rainforests.mongabay.com /0102.htm (2275 words)

	NET: Biogeographic Realms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		While the exact boundaries between the biogeographic realms of the world continues to be debated, the scheme outlined here serves as a basis for the Index of Geographic Localities: Part II.
		The first part, Part I. Countries in Each Biogeographic Realm, lists all of the countries that are included in each of the eight realms.
		Alphabetical List of Countries, is an alphabetical listing of the countries and major islands of the world with an indication of the biogeographic realm(s) to which each belongs.
	www.sciref.org /net/net0/realms.htm (466 words)

	Ecozone - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The boundaries of an ecozone are often the result of plate tectonics as a region is biologically isolated for a long period leading to unique fauna and flora.
		The northern boundary of this zone is known as the Wallace line.
		This page was last modified 18:17, 16 July 2006.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ecozone (617 words)

	SCOPE 34 - Practitioner's Handbook on the Modelling of Dynamic Change in Ecosystems, CHAPTER 2, Ecological Systems and ...
		Udvardy (1975) has extended this classification into biogeographical realms, biogeographical provinces within the realms, and major biomes or biome complexes.
		Greatest interest is usually centred on those changes in communities of plants and animals which are related to measurable changes in the physical and chemical factors of the environment.
		In this way, a biogeographical interpretation of the dynamic and spatial variations may be achieved, leading to carefully structured hypotheses about the development of ecotones, climax states and seres.
	www.icsu-scope.org /downloadpubs/scope34/chapter2.html (4479 words)

	Scientists map the world for nature conservation
		The project was conducted as a component of the large-scale BIOLOG-BIOTA programme, funded by German's Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) and run with the cooperation of the World Wildlife Fund (WWF).
		Map b) Ecoregions highest in species richness in each biome within each biogeographical realm.
		Realms: AA, Australasia; AN, Antarctic; AT, Afrotropics; IM, IndoMalay; NA, Nearctic; NT, Neotropics; OC, Oceania; PA, Palearctic.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2005-05/bpl-smt051205.php (447 words)

	Biogeographical Realms
		Timber from Central Africa, especially Gabon, Cameroon, and the Congos, is increasing used to fill the void created by the departure from the market of West African timber exporters.
		The IndoMalayan realm extends east to Borneo and south to Bali.
		Sulawesi (Celebes) and Lombock, despite their proximity to Borneo and Java (respectively), are not included because they are separated by a deep channel and were not linked to the Indo-Malayan land mass formed when the ocean receded during the ice-ages.
	www.mongabay.com /0102.htm (1757 words)

	Data Summary
		The Africa portion of the Biogeographical Provinces of the World, which shows ecological or "Life Zones" within eight biogeographical realms of the world, was digitized from source documents by UNEP/GRID-Geneva as part of the UNEP/FAO Africa Database in 1986.
		GRID Class Udvardy No. Biogeographical Province __________ ___________ ________________________
		(The final three classes are from the Palearctic Realm:) 30 2.18.7 Sahara desert 31 2.17.7 Mediterranean Sclerophyll 32 2.28.11 Atlas Steppe
	www.grid.unep.ch /data/summary.php?dataid=GNV42&category=biosphere&dataurl=http://www.grid.unep.ch/data/download/gnv042.zip&browsen=http://www.grid.unep.ch/data/download/gnv042.gif#preview (394 words)

	UNEP-WCMC Protected Areas Programme - Manas National Park (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Brief description: Manas National Park is on the borders of the Indo-Gangetic and Indo-Malayan biogeographical realms which give it great natural diversity.
		It lies on a gentle alluvial slope in the foothills of the Himalayas, where wooded hills give way to grasslands and tropical forest and is home to a great variety of wildlife, including many endangered species such as the tiger, the pygmy hog, and the Indian rhinoceros and elephant.
		VEGETATION Manas lies on the borders between the Indo-Gangetic and Indo-Malayan biogeographical realms.
	www.unep-wcmc.org /sites/wh/manas.html (3821 words)

	SCSU - School of Education
		Aquatic insect ecology and stream ecology are used as unifying subject areas.
		The Neararctic and Palearctic faunas will be stressed, but examples may be taken from the other major zoogeographic realms.
		Study of the patterns and distribution of plant and animal life of the world biogeographical realms and the biological principles governing these populations.
	www.southernct.edu /departments/soe/academics/biogradcourses.html (1232 words)

	BNPP-FVBO Activity 1
		WWF defines ecoregions as ‘relatively large units of land containing a distinct assemblage of natural communities and species, with boundaries that approximate the original extent of natural communities prior to major land-use change (Olson et al.
		2001 p933).’ WWF have created a global map of ecoregions containing more that 800 ecosystems which are classified into biogeographical realms and biomes.
		The extent of the pantropic study area is thus based on the boundaries of WWF’s tropical forest biomes.
	www.asb.cgiar.org /BNPP/phase2/bnpp_phase2_act1ai1.htm (580 words)

	Country Background (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Bhutan is located between two biogeographical realms, the Palearctic of temperate Euro-Asia and the Indo-Malayan of the Indian subcontinent.
		As a result of this location, Bhutan hosts a large number of endemic species and possesses very rich biodiversity.
		The mandate of the NEC is implemented by the National Environment Commission Secretariat (NECS).
	www.rrcap.unep.org /issues/air/maledec/baseline/Baseline/Bhutan/Intro.htm (563 words)

	Welcome To ATREE
		About 7,000 of the 13, 500 plant species found in the Indo-Burma hotspot are endemic, as are 528 of the 2,185 species of terrestrial vertebrates.
		The Eastern Himalayan region is also the meeting ground of the Indo-Malayan and Indo-Chinese biogeographical realms as well as of the Himalayan and Peninsular Indian elements.
		Forest cover in the Eastern Himalaya has dwindled over the past several decades, along with concomitant decline in biodiversity.
	www.atree.org /ehp.html (695 words)

	[EnviroSci Inquiry] Weather
		Biomes are ecosystems that cover large areas of land or water and are characterized by the kinds of plants and animals present.
		Within these biogeographical realms are a complex interaction of climate, physical factors and biotic factors.
		LEO EnviroSci Inquiry is brought to you by LEO and the SERVIT Group at Lehigh University
	www.leo.lehigh.edu /envirosci/weather/bitsofbiomes/what_are_biomes.html (63 words)

	Afrotropical
		BIOGEOGRAPHICAL TROPICAL FOREST REALMS The majority of tropical rainforests are
		Realms BIOGEOGRAPHICAL TROPICAL FOREST REALMS The majority of tropical rainforests
		Afrotropical Realm Outlook Although 1997 was a year of extensive publicity for Central
	www.mongabay.com /topics/Afrotropical.htm (287 words)

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