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Topic: Biological dispersal

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	Biological dispersal - Wikivisual
		Dispersal of organisms is a critical process for understanding both geographic isolation in evolution and the broad patterns of current geographic distributions.
		Dispersal is a universal biological need, and it is to be expected that most higher plants have solved the problem in one way or another through adaptations involving their fruit or seed.
		Dispersal by water currents is especially associated with the physically small inhabitants of marine waters known as zooplankton.
	en.wikivisual.com /index.php/Biological_dispersal (1571 words)

	Biological dispersal - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Biological dispersal refers to those processes by which a species maintains or expands the distribution of a population.
		Dispersal is a universal biological need, and it is to be expected that most higher plants have solved the problem in one way or another through adaptations involving their fruit or seed.
		Dispersal by water currents is especially associated with the physically small inhabitants of marine waters known as zooplankton.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Biological_dispersal (1445 words)

	Biological dispersal
		Biological dispersal refers to those processes by which a species maintains or expands the distribution of a population.
		Dispersal is a universal biological need, and it is to be expected that most higher plants have solved the problem in one way or another through adaptations involving their fruit or seed.
		Dispersal by water currents is especially associated with the physically small inhabitants of marine waters known as zooplankton.
	www.ibpassociation.org /encyclopedia/Biology/Biological_dispersal.php (1463 words)

	tScholars.com \| Biological dispersal (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Dispersal of organisms is a critical process for understanding both geographic isolation in evolution and the broad patterns of current geographic distributions.
		The effect of gravity on the dispersal of seeds and spores is straightforward.
		Dispersal of seeds "strictly" by gravity should not overlook storm effects: seeds from a deteriorating cone growing high on a tall, narrow tree will get spread widely during a wind storm (see "Wind" below).
	www.tscholars.com /encyclopedia/Biological_dispersal (1597 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Biological dispersal
		Dispersal is the movement of individuals from the territory on which it was born, to a different territory where it may later breed.
		Dispersal is also important in shaping the sociobiology of species and it is this that my study is focusing on.
		However dispersal is an important strategy and this study aims to look at why foxes disperse and also why they may not.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Biological-dispersal (2467 words)

	Encyclopedia :: encyclopedia : Biology (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Nevertheless, the biological sciences are characterized and unified by several major underlying principles and concepts: universality, evolution, diversity, continuity, homeostasis, and interactions.
		The most salient example of biological universality is that all living things share a common carbon-based biochemistry and in particular pass on their characteristics via genetic material, which is based on nucleic acids such as DNA and which uses a common genetic code with only minor variations.
		The first group consists of those disciplines that study the basic structures of living systems: cells, genes etc.; the second group considers the operation of these structures at the level of tissues, organs, and bodies; the third group considers organisms and their histories; the final constellation of disciplines focuses on their interactions.
	www.hallencyclopedia.com /topic/Biology.html (2550 words)

	BIOLOGICAL DISPERSAL : Encyclopedia Entry
		The effect of gravity on the dispersal of seeds and spores is straightforward.
		Dispersal of seeds "strictly" by gravity should not overlook storm effects: seeds from a deteriorating cone growing high on a tall, narrow tree will get spread widely during a wind storm (see "Wind" below).
		Some seeds are appealing to rodents (such as squirrels) who hoard them in hidden caches, often beneath the surface of the soil, in order to avoid starving during the winter and early spring.
	www.bibleocean.com /OmniDefinition/Biological_dispersal (1542 words)

	Biological dispersal Summary
		Dispersal decreases competition with the parent and increases the likelihood of finding a suitable environment for growth.
		The part of the plant that acts in the dispersal is the diaspore (a term incorporating both fruit and seed).
		Although diaspore dispersal is the obvious end of reproduction, some plants rarely flower or set fruit and instead have evolved a very efficient system of vegetative reproduction by means of sucker shoots.
	www.bookrags.com /Biological_dispersal (3067 words)

	Zuleyma Tang-Martinez (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Dispersal patterns, including philopatry, can influence, and be influenced, by social structure and social behavior.
		Studies on dispersal can lead to a better understanding of mating systems and genetic structure of populations; additionally, they can be important in establishing realistic estimates of effective population size, as well as in determining genetic variability within and between populations.
		Areas of focus are the history of biological determinism, the human sociobiology debate, and ethical issues in biology.
	www.umsl.edu /~biology/faculty/tang.html (1217 words)

	FDA Chemical and Biological Emergency Response Plan
		The Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER) ensures the safety, efficacy, and quality of biological products potentially used as countermeasures in response to threats or outbreaks of biologic or chemical threat agents.
		The Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) ensures the safety, efficacy, and quality of drugs and therapeutic biologic agents with use as countermeasures or antidotes in response to outbreaks of biologic threat agents or chemical exposure.
		Biological Terrorism: Offensive and deliberate use of biological agent(s) with the intent to cause harm to human, animals, plants, and/or materials to advance a political, religious, or other purpose.
	www.fda.gov /oc/ocm/cbplan.html (10288 words)

	ARS \| Publication request: Dispersal of the Fire Ant Decapitating Fly, Pseudacteon Curvatus (Diptera: Phoridae) in ...
		Citation: Thead, L.G., Vogt, J.T., Streett, D.A. Dispersal of the fire ant decapitating fly, pseudacteon curvatus (diptera: phoridae) in northeast mississippi.
		Technical Abstract: Pseudacteon curvatus Borgmeier is one of three species of phorid fly parasitoids currently approved for release in the U.S. as self sustaining biological control agents for suppression of the red, fl and hybrid imported fire ants.
		Average dispersal was 14.5 km/year with a range of 5.5-22 km/year.
	www.ars.usda.gov /research/publications/publications.htm?SEQ_NO_115=171822 (418 words)

	biological dispersal - Information from Reference.com
		Biological dispersal refers to those processes by which a species maintains...
		Dispersal is a universal biological need, and it is to be expected that most...
		Boats, pathways, and aquatic biological invasions: estimating dispersal.
	www.reference.com /search?q=biological%20dispersal&db=web (177 words)

	Biological dispersal (Site not responding. Last check: )
		This is a summary of an article on Biological dispersal.
		Dispersal implies movementandmdash;movement away from an existing population (population expansion) or away from the parent organisms (population maintenance).
		Examples of fruit with mechanical dispersal mechanisms: * 'Oxalis corniculata' andndash; capsule, as it dries, becomes sensitive to disturbance, ejecting tiny seeds in an explosive discharge.
	wiki-shorts.freestat.pl /19-1686-Biological_dispersal.html (878 words)

	Use and Care of Home Humidifiers \| Publications \| Indoor Air \| Air \| US EPA
		At present, only limited information is available on the growth of microorganisms and the dispersal of microorganisms and minerals by home humidifiers.
		A steam vaporizer tested by EPA did not disperse measurable amounts of minerals; evaporative humidifiers have not been tested by EPA for mineral dispersal.
		The possible health effects resulting from the dispersal of microorganisms and minerals by home humidifiers are not fully understood.
	www.epa.gov /iaq/pubs/humidif.html (1407 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Seeds have been an important development in the reproduction and spread of flowering plants, relative to more primitive plants like mosses, ferns and liverworts, which do not have seeds and use other means to propagate themselves.
		This can be seen by the success of seed plants (both gymnosperms and angiosperms) in dominating biological niches on land, from forests to grasslands both in hot and cold climates.
		As a consequence, plants have evolved many ways to disperse their population through their seeds (see also vegetative reproduction).
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=seed (1959 words)

	CIA says al Qaeda ready to use nukes - The Washington Times: Nation/Politics (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Al Qaeda terrorists and related groups are set to use chemical, biological and nuclear weapons in deadly strikes, according to a new CIA report.
		Disclosure of the CIA report comes as the agency is under fire over its reports on Iraq's chemical, biological and nuclear weapons, none of which has been uncovered.
		Biological agents al Qaeda could use include anthrax, a bacteria that can cause mass casualties, and botulinum toxin.
	www.washtimes.com /national/20030603-122052-2698r.htm (1005 words)

	Chemical Biological Agents Fact Sheet
		Biological agents can be dispersed by an aerosol spray which must be inhaled.
		When properly used, appropriate masks are effective protection to prevent the inhalation of either biological or chemical agents; however this assumes an adequate warning.
		One of the biological agents is the spore-forming bacterium that causes Anthrax, an acute infectious disease.
	travel.state.gov /travel/tips/health/health_1183.html (853 words)

	Evaluating the Threat: Scientific American
		Even if terrorists had the motive to use biological agents and lacked the moral inhibitions that would deter them, they might not have the technological means to do so.
		Even a small laboratory amount of a "hot" agent could cause a number of casualties if disseminated in an enclosed area such as a subway tunnel; these would not be mass casualties in the sense of millions, hundreds of thousands, or tens of thousands, but the true number is conjectural and unknown.
		Even a dispersal of so-called professional, military or weapons-grade anthrax (a loosely defined measure of a hot agent's potential for causing large-scale disease) does not guarantee mass destruction.
	www.sciam.com /article.cfm?articleID=00032C2A-AE54-1C6E-84A9809EC588EF21&pageNumber=2&catID=2 (527 words)

	info: Biological_dispersal (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Dispersal implies movement movement away from an existing population...
		IP: Re: (Brain of Stig)The Bioweaponeers [Marc Ringuette]But "Mounting biological dispersal systems onto cruise missiles may overcome the disadvantages associated with aircraft and ballistic missile delivery...
		The biological dispersal device disperses a simulated biological agent through a small vacuum system.
	www.napoli-pizza.net /Biological_dispersal.html (1839 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Biological dispersal, the distribution of spores, fruits and their seeds, etc.
		Dispersive mass transfer, in fluid dynamics, the spreading of mass from areas of high to low concentration
		Dispersion (geology), is a process whereby sodic soil disperses when exposed to water
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=dispersion (101 words)

	Punctuated Equilibria
		Mayr's Biological Species Concept uses the criterion of reproductive isolation to distinguish species in modern populations.
		Paleospecies, then, have to be recognized as species from morphology alone, where the available morphological characters are drawn from a skewed distribution, the pattern of fossilization is skewed, and the geographic correlates of fossilization are limited in extent.
		Fifth, significant adaptations developed or accentuated in the daughter species can lead to the rapid dispersal and establishment of a daughter species throughout the range of the ancestral species, or into new ranges.
	www.talkorigins.org /faqs/punc-eq.html (3019 words)

	BIOLOGICAL WARFARE
		In the aftermath of a biological attack, dermatologists could play a critical role in recognizing the differential diagnosis of an epidemic exanthem and alerting public health officials, leading to prompt medical and public health interventions, hopefully preventing wide-spread mortality.
		‘Biological Warfare’ (BW) is defined as the ’employment of biological agents to produce casualties in man or animals or damage to plants.’[91] An early BW attack took place in the Black Sea port of Kaffa (now Feodossia, Ukraine) in 1346.
		Biological attacks against large populations would most likely be disseminated by aerosol.
	telemedicine.org /BioWar/biologic.htm (11075 words)

	CBR overview and definitions
		Chemical and Biological weapons are summarized below as to their debilitating or lethal effects and protection required.
		The primary purpose of Biological and Chemical Weapons is the mass casualties of personnel, livestock and crops.
		Biological Agent Dispersal — animals, insects and rodents can be used as carriers to spread BW agents.
	www.rocklandfire.com /cbr_info.html (411 words)

	Early Classics in Biogeography, Distribution, and Diversity Studies: To 1950 (an "enhanced" biogeography bibliography)
		Coe, Wesley R. The means of dispersal of bathypelagic animals in the North and South Atlantic Oceans
		Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 2: 1-39.
		The Dispersal of Shells, an Inquiry into the Means of Dispersal Possessed by Fresh-water and Land Mollusca
	www.wku.edu /~smithch/biogeog (5235 words)

	Examples of Omissions From the Iraqi Declaration
		In January 1999, the UN Special Commission reported that Iraq failed to provide credible evidence that 550 mustard gas-filled artillery shells and 400 biological weapon-capable aerial bombs had been lost or destroyed.
		Yet, Iraq admitted in 1995 that a MIG-21 remote-piloted vehicle tested in 1991 was to carry a biological weapon spray system.
		Iraq already knows how to put these biological agents into bombs and how to disperse biological agent using aircraft or unmanned aerial vehicles.
	www.state.gov /r/pa/prs/ps/2002/16118.htm (492 words)

	CPD: Middle America, Site MA19, Cerro Azul-Cerro Jefe Region, Panama
		Thus the greater dispersal of plant propagules was from east to west.
		Preservation of this region is essential because of its high level of plant endemism, and its general biodiversity, including a wealth of animals such as Ramphastos, bats (Gallardo and Jiménez 1990), Alouatta, Saguinus and Bradypus.
		A range of biological studies has been carried out and future projects are being considered, in this way providing better knowledge of the kinds, quantity and quality of the wild life that through millennia has survived and developed in this unusual region of Panama.
	www.nmnh.si.edu /botany/projects/cpd/ma/ma19.htm (2576 words)

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