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Topic: Biological measurement

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Steve Quayle's Radiation Measurement Conversion Tables To relate the absorbed dose of specific types of radiation to their biological effect, a "quality factor" must be multiplied by the dose in rad, which then shows the dose in rems. Other measurement terms: Standard International (SI) units which may be used in place of the rem and the rad are the sievert (Sv) and the gray (Gy). Or, Roentgen Equivalent Man is a unit that relates the dose of any radiation to the biological effect of that dose. www.stevequayle.com /ARAN/rad.conversion.html

time, time function, geologic time, biological clocks, Calendars,measured time, atomic clock, atomic time In the dynamical clock the point of reference is inside the environment of the measurement and is thus subject to the forces inside the sphere of influence. The biorhythms or biological clocks are often synchronized with the natural day-and-night cycle of about 24 hours and are usually independent of other external factors in the environment. In the atomic clock system the point of reference is external to the environment of the measurement and is not subject to internal forces. www.jpdawson.com /timefun.html   (6968 words)

001-503.html From a biological viewpoint, UVB radiation is by far the most significant part of the terrestrial ultraviolet spectrum and the levels of radiation in this waveband reaching the surface of the Earth are largely controlled by ozone, a gas which comprises approximately one molecule out of every two million in the atmosphere. Biologically effective exposures can be determined in two ways (Diffey 1986): (i) by measuring the spectral irradiance of sunlight at one or more times during the period of exposure and calculating the weighted integral; or (ii) by using a device whose relative response to different wavelengths resembles the action spectrum for the particular photobiological effect. Radiation detectors used for monitoring solar UVR are commonly designed (Robertson 1972, Berger 1976) to have a spectral sensitivity which is a close match to the action spectrum for ultraviolet-induced erythema (see figure 7). www.ciesin.org /docs/001-503/001-503.html   (6968 words)

The Decoherence of Measurement The anthropocentric (and anthropic) view of the Copenhagen Interpretation (conscious, intelligent observers determine the outcomes of measurements in the quantum realm) associates humans with negentropy (the decrease of entropy and the increase of order). Most measurements are indirect - they tally the effects of the system on a minute segment of its environment. Maybe our very ability to measure, to design measurement methods and instrumentation, to conceptualize and formalize the act of measurement and so on – are thus limited and "designed" as to yield only the "collapsible" solutions of the wave function which are macrocosmically stable and "objective" (known as the "pointer states")? samvak.tripod.com /deco.html   (1642 words)

Calculation Of The Dielectric Properties Of Biological (ResearchIndex) Abstract: The measurement of the dielectric properties of biological tissue is of increasing scientific relevance. A numerical model of a biological tissue brick composed of single cells (m-dimensions) between two plate electrodes is presented in this study.... 1 The dieelectric properties of biological tissues: I-III (context) - Gabriel, Gabriel et al. citeseer.ist.psu.edu /593061.html   (1642 words)

Physical anthropology -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article Some of the early branches of physical anthropology, such as early (Measurement and study of the human body and its parts and capacities) anthropometry, are now rejected as (An activity resembling science but based on fallacious assumptions) pseudoscience. (Click link for more info and facts about Population genetics) Population genetics, the study of biological human diversity (related to (Click link for more info and facts about evolutionary biology) evolutionary biology) Metrics such as the (Ratio (in percent) of the maximum breadth to the maximum length of a skull) cephalic index were used to derive behavioral characteristics. www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/p/ph/physical_anthropology.htm   (506 words)

1999 Formal Publications The following potential benefits to operations are identified: improvement of quantitative precipitation measurements, discrimination of hail from rain with possible determination of sizes, identification of precipitation in winter storms, identification of electrically active storms, and distinction of biological scatterers (birds vs insects). In comparing these data to previous measurements that were collected in New Mexico mountain thunderstorms with different instrumentation, we found that in most ways our precipitation charge data are similar to the previous measurements. Success in rainfall measurements is attributed to unique properties of differential phase. www.nssl.noaa.gov /papers/formal/1999formal.html   (506 words)

3D array of integrated cells for the sampling and detection of air bound chemical and biological species - US Patent 6568286 The present invention is related generally to electronic sensors for detecting airborne chemical and biological agents. Air or gas phase sensing and measurement systems are currently used in many applications, such as industrial process controls, environmental compliance measuring, and explosive detection. In particular, Chemometric or Principle Component Analysis (PCA) methods and software may be used to identify a chemical or biological species or at least a genus. www.patentstorm.us /patents/6568286.html   (506 words)

GALLEX, a Measurement of Heterologous Association of Transmembrane Helices in a Biological Membrane -- Schneider and Engelman 278 (5): 3105 -- Journal of Biological Chemistry GALLEX, a Measurement of Heterologous Association of Transmembrane Helices in a Biological Membrane -- Schneider and Engelman 278 (5): 3105 -- Journal of Biological Chemistry The GALLEX assay for measuring TM helix-helix interaction in a biological membrane. Conclusions-- The GALLEX system presented in this study provides a new approach to investigating helix-helix interactions in a biological www.jbc.org /cgi/content/full/278/5/3105   (506 words)

Biomedical engineering journal - Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing - The IEE This bimonthly journal of the  International Federation for Medical & Biological Engineering (IFMBE) contains technical papers on biomechanics, biomedical engineering, clinical engineering, computing and data processing, modelling, instrumentation, medical physics and imaging, physiological measurement, rehabilitation engineering and transducers and electrodes. Biomedical engineering journal - Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing - The IEE The Institution of Electrical Engineers is a not for profit organisation, registered as a charity in the UK. www.iee.org.uk /Publish/Journals/ProfJourn/MBEC   (506 words)

The Instrument Development for B Such instrumentation includes, but is not limited to, analytical instruments, microscopes of various types, sensors, and related devices for detection or measurement of biological molecules, structures or phenomena at any level, from that of individual molecules to that of whole ecosystems. The anticipated uses of the instrumentation to be developed or improved should include areas of research that fall within the scope of the Directorate for Biological Sciences (see BIO Home Page at http://www.nsf.gov/bio). For over 20 years, the Directorate for Biological Sciences (BIO) has supported the development and improvement of instrumentation useful in the conduct of basic research in biology through awards made by its Instrument Development in Biological Research (IDBR) program. www.cvm.tamu.edu /resgrad/RFPs/instrument_development_for_b.htm   (373 words)

Open Directory - Science: Social Sciences: Anthropology: Biological Anthropology AAPA Statement on Biological Aspects of Race- A position paper on the current understanding of the structure of human variation from a biological perspective presented by the American Association of Physical Anthropologists. Biological Anthropology at UCLA - Graduate program focusing on evolutionary theory, primate behavior, hominid evolution, and evolutionary psychology and ecology. Biological Anthropology Department - Temple University- Description of graduate and undergraduate programs, faculty listing, research areas, and facilities overview. dmoz.org /Science/Social_Sciences/Anthropology/Biological_Anthropology   (403 words)

Welcome to LuminUltra As with many other critical operating parameters in biological remediation processes, macronutrient supplementation often goes unoptimized due to a lack of available measurements for biomass feedback. Conventional practice in the operation of aerobic biological remediation systems involves the assessment of activity via the measurement of Dissolved Oxygen Uptake Rate. One of the most common operational difficulties encountered in biological remediation processes is problematic settling. www.luminultra.com /whities.asp   (586 words)

hand tool anthropometric ...an ergonomically profiled surface on a hand tool to optimize certain anthropometric measurements relative to the use of the tool and readily... If you are designing a hand tool, you may need to consider the following measurements. Hand Tool Design (includes some vibration notes) Biological Rhythms. www.thetophandtoolinformation.com /9/hand-tool-anthropometric.html   (183 words)

ECOSYSTEMS CENTER POSITION ANNOUNCEMENTS -- PLEASE POST. THANK YOU. Field collection and measurement of plants and soils, laboratory sorting and chemical analysis and data analysis are the major tasks. POSITION ANNOUNCEMENT DATE: March 3, 1999 POSITION: POSTDOCTORAL SCIENTIST FULL TIME, EXEMPT The Ecosystems Center of the Marine Biological Laboratory is seeking applicants for a full-time Postdoctoral Scientist position on an on-going ecological research project. Laboratory activities include analysis of water chemistry, algae, consumers and detrital samples for N and 15 N content. ces.iisc.ernet.in /hpg/envis/doc98html/jbecco99313.html   (2676 words)

Biochemical Oxygen Demand It is also very important for the oxygen demand to take place in a closed system (for measurement purposes); thus it is important to stopper the individual dilution bottles immediately after the initial oxygen content has been determined. Because a significant oxygen demand is present within the first fifteen minutes after dilution of the sample, it is vital that the initial oxygen content of the dilution be measured as soon as possible after the liquid components of the dilution have been mixed. Therefore, it is necessary to dilute the sample with specially prepared dilution water in order to bring the oxygen demand and supply into an appropriate balance. www.ne-wea.org /LabManual/biochemical_oxygen_demand.htm   (2676 words)

Institute of Neuroinformatics Stoop, R. and Lecchini, S. MODELLING BIOMEDICAL SIGNALS :Biological Neural Networks: Modelling and Measurements, S. Stramaglia, G. Nardulli (Eds.), World Scientific, 2002 Hardy, Y. and Steeb, W.-H. and Stoop, R. Fully Entangled Quantum States in C^N^2 and Bell measurement, International Journal of Theoretical Physics, 42:(12) 2847-2853, 2003 Cardinal, K and Buckelmueller, I and Kiper, DC The categorization of complex colors measured with the Stroop effect, 2002, Vision Sci. www.ini.ethz.ch /public-cgi-bin/wrap_pub.cgi   (2676 words)

Energy Citations Database (ECD) - Energy and Energy-Related Bibliographic Citations Energy Citations Database (ECD) Document #4230912 - Biological hazard and measurement of plutonium N48610 --Life Sciences--Radionuclide Effects (Internal Source)--Man;N77900 --Reactors--Reactor Safety & Environmental Aspects;N46110 --Instrumentation--Radiation Detection Instruments--General Detectors & Monitors; LUNGS-- RADIONUCLIDE KINETICS;PLUTONIUM OXIDES-- MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE INTAKE;PLUTONIUM 238-- BIOLOGICAL RADIATION EFFECTS;PLUTONIUM 239-- RADIATION MONITORING;PLUTONIUM 240-- BIOLOGICAL RADIATION EFFECTS;BODY BURDEN;CRITICAL ORGANS;ENVIRONMENT;INHALATION;MAN;PATHOLOGICAL CHANGES;PERFORMANCE;RADIOACTIVITY;SCINTILLATION COUNTERS Availability information may be found in the Availability, Publisher, Research Organization, Resource Relation and/or Author (affiliation information) fields and/or via the "Full-text Availability" link. www.osti.gov /energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=4230912   (107 words)

Cal Lab Magazine The course features an extensive lab component, and includes student exercises designed to provide hands-on demonstrations of the principles of metrology and the importance of specifications, tutorials on measurement science and related mathematics topics such as discovering hidden errors in the typical calibration setup and calculating system uncertainty. "Environmental sciences" is used by IEST in connection with the effects on equipment and machinery of natural, indoor, and extreme environments which may occur under various aerospace, marine, and climatic conditions; and simulating environments to better trace and predict those effects. The Eugene Borson Scholarship, in the amount of $500, is awarded annually by IEST for the best original technical paper(s) written by a student in a topic related to the environmental sciences in connection with controlled environments, particularly through contamination control and nanotechnologies, in which products and equipment are manufactured, processed, or tested. www.callabmag.com   (1345 words)

news36 The underlying objective of the joint NGO initiative is to highlight the importance of transparency in maintaining the norm against biological weapons, and to rectify, to the extent possible, the deficiencies in the current regime. Forest preservation and afforestation measures initiated by PrimaKlima are designed to prevent emissions of CO or to absorb atmospheric CO, which means a relief for the atmosphere from this major greenhouse gas. More and more questions are being asked about whether scientific research is ‘ethical.’ In a world increasingly geared towards economic globalisation, there is great pressure for scientific research to be geared towards corporate needs, often at the expense of wider social and environmental goals. www.inesglobal.com /newsletter/news36.htm   (7490 words)

Patent 5749369: Method and device for stable impedance plethysmography Most conveniently, the impedance measurements of the present invention are performed by imposing alternating current on the measurement circuit (the circuit that includes the two measurement electrodes) and the reference circuit (the circuit that includes the reference electrode and the adjacent measurement electrode), preferably by using two different electrical sources of an identical current intensity. The first assumption is that the total impedance measured across two electrodes placed on opposite sides of the biological object is the sum of two impedances: the impedance of the skin-electrode contacts and the internal impedance of the body. When the electrical impedance of the biological object is calculated at least twice during the monitoring period, the method may further comprise the step of: if the change in the internal electrical impedance of the biological object exceeds a threshold value, an emergency procedure is initiated. www.freepatentsonline.com /5749369.html   (7490 words)

EUROPA - Enterprise - New Approach - Harmonised standards for in vitro diagnostic medical devices In vitro diagnostic medical devices - Measurement of quantities in biological samples - Metrological traceability of values for catalytic concentration of enzymes assigned to calibrators and control materials (ISO 18153:2003) In vitro diagnostic medical devices - Measurement of quantities in samples of biological origin - Presentation of reference measurement procedures In vitro diagnostic medical devices - Measurement of quantities in biological samples - Metrological traceability of values assigned to calibrators and control materials (ISO 17511:2003) europa.eu.int /comm/enterprise/newapproach/standardization/harmstds/reflist/invimedd.html   (879 words)

106965.031224&ELEMENT_SET=DECL The method then continues in step 1514 with the step of comparing size and wavelength channel measurements with a library of pre-stored measurement corresponding to the biological compound of interest. Light emitted at fluorescence frequencies and the size of the particle is used to biologically classify the particles. If the size is not consistent with a biological compound of interest, the method continues in step 1504. www.wipo.int /cgi-pct/guest/getbykey5?KEY=03/106965.031224&ELEMENT_SET=DECL   (8279 words)

Informatica medicalĂ£, UMF Craiova Tarata M. Spaepen A., Puers R. The Accelerometer MMG Measurement Approach in Monitoring the Muscular Fatigue, Proceedings of the 3d Intl. The Potential of Simultaneously recordingthe EMG and Muscle Mechanical Vibrations in Monitoring the Muscle Behaviour, in Proceedings of the International Conference on Measurement, Smolenice, Slovak Republic, May 29-31, pp. Tarata M. Spaepen A., Puers R. The Accelerometer MMG Measurement Approach in Monitoring the Muscular Fatigue, MEASUREMENT SCIENCEREVIEW, ISSN 1335-8871, http://www.measurement.sk, Number 1, 2001, p. www.umfcv.ro /en/Departments/FacultyOfMedicine/MedicalInformatics/Publications.html   (8279 words)

About the Coherence of Biophotons (3) In order to demonstrate experimentally that the hyperbolic decay is a consequence of instantaneous Poissonian distribution during relaxation, we built a double measurement chamber with two multipliers and registered the coincidences of counts during the "delayed luminescence" of biological systems. It is obvious that the Poissonian distribution of PCS of a biological system is valid at any instant of the relaxation giving rise to the hyperbolic relaxation (Fig.4b) and showing evidence that the biophotons originate from a fully coherent field. Agreement of the Photocount Statistics of different biological systems with a Poissonian distribution. www.datadiwan.de /iib/ib0204e_3.htm   (8279 words)

UWEB :: Research : Biomaterials Tutorial Measurement of force and strain in biological tissue can be accomplished in various ways. Direct measurement of strain in the posterolateral bundle of the anterior cruciate ligament. For example, biological tissues typically become stiffer with increasing strain rate (Fig. www.uweb.engr.washington.edu /research/tutorials/mechproperties.html   (1126 words)

Microscopy UK / MICSCAPE : Drawing through the microscope Graticules can usually be purchased in 19 and 21 mm diameter sizes with cross-lines, scales or square grid to fit conventional eyepieces on biological microscopes, and 25 mm diameter for stereo microscopes. When used for the measurement of a specimen, graticules normally need to be used in conjunction with a stage micrometer, this being a standard size 3" x 1" glass slide engraved with a scale which is placed on the microscope stage. In the case of the conventional biological microscope, the top of the eyepiece is unscrewed and the graticule is placed on the field stop, the aperture about one-third to one-half way down inside the eyepiece which governs the field of view. www.microscopy-uk.org.uk /mag/articles/drawing.html   (2191 words)

Rapid Microbiology User Group (RMUG) - August Newsletter For example, if one were to evaluate a moist-heat sterilization biological indicator with a rapid microbiology method, stressed organisms could be prepared by exposing containers of biological indicators to short sterilization processes and then testing them with the system. For example, if the biological indicator has a resistance of 2 minutes to the sterilization process, and the bioburden worst case resistance in the facility is 0.5 minute, for every one log of biological indicator inactivated, one would expect a four log inactivation of environmental bioburden. The D-value is the measurement used to assess resistance to the sterilization process. www.rapidmicrobiology.com /news/1310h3.php   (1960 words)

Eight to receive President's 2003 National Medal of Science In the physical sciences, G. Brent Dalrymple, Dean and Professor Emeritus, at Oregon State University, is acknowledged for his work that improved the measurement of geologic time to new levels of precision, accuracy and application in the research of Earth's past climates, as well as biological histories and major tectonic processes. The National Medal of Science was established in 1959 as a presidential award to be given to individuals for their outstanding contributions to knowledge in the physical, biological, mathematical or engineering sciences. Three medals are being bestowed on researchers in the biological sciences. www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2005-03/nsf-etr031005.php   (1364 words)

Ladislava Janku Biological data measurement and processing for the educational purposes (2001), project supported under the development grant 2001 grant “Biological data measurement and processing for the educational purposes, Grant of the Ministry of Education of Czech Republic Computational Personality Type Classification (1999-2001), Project of the Laboratory of Biocybernetics, founded under the research program Transdisciplinary Biomedical Engineering Research, MSM 210000012. Gerstner Laboratory (Artificial Intelligence Center), The Dept. of Cybernetics, FEE, CTU in Prague cyber.felk.cvut.cz /gerstner/biolab/bio_web/staffpages/janku   (1364 words)

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