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Topic: Biological patent

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	U.S. Patent: 5179960 - Biological fluid connection and delivery apparatus and method - January 19, 1993
		Biological fluid or other fluid can be both collected and delivered with the apparatus, which apparatus may remain attached to the test tube during any processing of the collected biological fluid sample.
		It is yet another object of the invention to provide a single apparatus for withdrawal of biological fluids such as blood, spinal fluids or the like into a sealed container, retaining such fluids for processing in the sealed container, and thereafter for dispensing the biological fluids in aliquots through the seal of the container.
		When it is desired to remove aliquots of the biological fluid from the test tube, the cannula housing 66 must be moved axially inwardly until one end (the end closer to the stopper 12) of the cannula housing 66 contacts the cannula support member 68.
	www.everypatent.com /comp/pat5179960.html (3356 words)

	Patent - Facts, Information, and Encyclopedia Reference article
		A patent is a set of exclusive rights granted by a state to a person for a fixed period of time in exchange for the regulated, public disclosure of certain details of a device, method, process or substance (known as an invention) which is new, inventive and useful.
		Most fundamentally, granting a patent confers a monopoly of sorts upon an owner, because he may legally exclude competitors from using or exploiting the invention (though strictly speaking, the word "monopoly" requires that there is no viable alternative in the marketplace).
		Typically, an application for a patent is prepared by a professional agent known as a patent attorney or patent agent, who files the application with a patent office.
	www.startsurfing.com /encyclopedia/p/a/t/Patent.html (5042 words)

	Biological patent - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A biological patent is a patent relating to an invention or discovery in biology.
		Some types of biological patents are considered controversial by those who feel that natural occurences are not invented and thus should not be patentable.
		Advocates who speak against biological patents suggest that the techniques and processes associated with the discovery could be patentable but not the actual biological matter itself.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Biological_patent (282 words)

	U.S. Patent: 5171533 - Biological assay cassette and method for making same - December 15, 1992
		Certain assays require that a precise quantity of patient sample in the form of plasma separated from whole blood be introduced into the conjugation reactants to produce a photometric result which is indicative of a biological or chemical reaction occurring in the cartridge.
		For certain biological assays, the photometric analysis section 58 is filled with a plurality of immiscible fluid layers which have specific densities different from the fluid released from the second reactant section.
		The interface,between these fluids forms a surface tension barrier which must be penetrated by the enzyme conjugate which is attached to bromostyrene latex spheres having a specific gravity of approximately 1.45 and a diameter of approximately one micrometer.
	www.everypatent.com /comp/pat5171533.html (7506 words)

	Method and apparatus for biological activation waste water treatment - US Patent 5755966 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Biological activation waste water purification method is disclosed, wherein the waste water is biologically purified in an activation process.
		The apparatus for biological activation waste water purification comprises a tank with at least one basic module on the bottom of the tank and spaced from the walls of the tank and defining a flow channel about the module.
		A method of swing on a swing is disclosed, in which a user positioned on a standard swing suspended by two chains from a substantially horizontal tree branch induces side to side motion by pulling alternately on one chain and then the other.
	www.patentstorm.us /patents/5755966.html (336 words)

	OTL: Patents
		The patent includes drawings, if appropriate; and a specification that is typically broken into several distinct sections, including: the field of the invention, the background, a brief description of the drawings, a disclosure of the invention, a description of the invention, an explanation of the industrial applicability; and at least one claim.
		Patent prosecution is essentially a debate with the Patent Office about the breadth or narrowness of the claims, i.e., the scope of the invention.
		In patent law, the word "publication" is interpreted much more broadly than when used in the typical research community (i.e., in a journal); if you have a question about whether or not a written or oral disclosure of any kind is a publication, please contact OTL.
	otl.stanford.edu /inventors/patents.html (2037 words)

	DISCLOSURE
		Patents grant temporary monopolies to inventors in exchange for public disclosure of the invention.
		Finally, national laws may require that biological material patent applicants inform the country of origin of the biological material, and to demonstrate that he/she has complied with the relevant rules with regard to access to the material.
		For instance, when an application includes a group or family of elements, the granting of the patent should not be based on the possibility of executing some of those elements.
	www.southcentre.org /publications/publichealth/publichealth-08.htm (1138 words)

	SICE - Andean Community: Decision 486
		where the patent protects biological material that is capable of being reproduced, except for plants, using that material as a basis for obtaining a viable new material, except where the patented material must be used repeatedly to obtain the new material.
		A patent owner may request the competent national office to modify the patent in order to enter any change in the name, address, residence or other information about the rights holder or the inventor or to amend or limit the scope of one or more of the claims.
		The patent, claim, or part of a claim that has been invalidated shall be deemed null and void as from the filing date of the patent application.
	www.sice.oas.org /Trade/Junac/Decisiones/DEC486be.asp (4371 words)

	Process for the collection and treatment of biological waste - Patent 5547582
		Moreover, also disclosed is an arrangement for the collection and treatment of biological waste utilizing the inventive process, and is especially adapted for the collection and treatment of biological waste which is generated during a surgical or medical procedure implemented on a patient or during an autopsy.
		Moreover, the invention is also directed to an arrangement for the collection and treatment of biological waste utilizing the inventive process, and is especially adapted for the collection and treatment of biological waste which is generated during an embalming procedure implemented on a cadaver, such as a human cadaver.
		Among various arrangements and methods for the treatment of biological or toxic waste, especially biological waste incorporating solid and liquid constituents; for instance, such as may be encountered during the embalming of cadavers, consideration must be given to potentially applicable types of waste disposal technology.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5547582.html (1816 words)

	Major Issues in the Thai Patent System
		This extension of patent protection means that an inventor of these technologies can enjoy absolute protection if he is a person who comes up with a new invention, and the first to file a patent application.
		Although the methods of treatment are not considered being patentable, the new law does not prohibit patenting a substance or composition used in the method for treatment of human and animal body.
		The introduction of the process patent for biological inventions may undermine agriculture and food industries, which are of extraordinary importance for the Thai economy.
	members.tripod.com /asialaw/articles/jakpat4.html (2419 words)

	Newport Strategies - Glossary
		Biologic products are a subset of "drug products" distinguished by their manufacturing processes (biological process vs. chemical process).
		Major provisions include: patent protection for pharmaceutical products; pharmaceutical patent protection of 20 years from the date of filing; limitations on compulsory licensing and a ban on specific compulsory licensing requirements for certain technologies; grant of patents is not dependent on local manufacture.
		For patent extensions under the Act, which was enacted September 24 1984, the patent-holder can apply to have the term of a patent extended for up to five years, up to a maximum of 14 years from NDA approval.
	www.newportstrategies.com /glossary.php (3302 words)

	Biological sensors - Patent 5047213
		A biological sensor which utilizes the phenomenon of surface plasmon resonance to detect the refractive index change which occurs when two components--for example antibody and corresponding antigen--react with one another.
		The sensor as claimed in any one of claims 2 to 14 or 1 including one or more further optical waveguides illuminated by a common source of radiation or by respective separate sources of radiation to enable testing of multiple analytes in a single sample, or multiple samples, to be carried out simultaneously.
		This invention relates to sensors for use in biological, biochemical and chemical testing and in particular to immunosensors used to monitor the interaction of antibodies with their corresponding antigens.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5047213.html (4956 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Furthermore, in the case of patents on life forms the rights granted to its holder also cover subsequent generations of the organism subject to patent claims, thereby allowing for the appropriation not only of biological material, but also of the reproductive capacity of life.
		Patent claims sometimes are so wide that they cover entire plant species, allowing agroindustry to impose conditions on farmers over how, when, where, etc. to grow their crops, and forbidding them to keep seed of their own harvest for future use.
		The first european patent on human blood cells granted to a pharmaceutical company has also been challenged by NGOs and a sector of the medical community that considers that the appropriation and marketing of basic biological material for medicine is unacceptable.
	www.eco.utexas.edu /~hmcleave/wk5patent.html (3579 words)

	Patenting Biological Pathways NAOMI AOKI / Boston Globe 24jul02
		Among the inventors listed on US Patent No. 6,410,516 are three of the nation's most influential biologists, and their discovery, made in the mid-1980s while the scientists were at Harvard University, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and MIT's Whitehead Institute, promised to open an entirely new avenue of research into treating disease.
		Ariad argues that the patent applies even to treatments discovered before 1986 when the patent was filed and that its breadth befits the pioneering nature of the discovery.
		As biological advances are made and patented, however, researchers could find themselves unwittingly infringing patents and many drugs could be found to infringe patents that were issued long after the drugs themselves were discovered.
	www.mindfully.org /GE/GE4/Patenting-Biological-Pathways24jul02.htm (1444 words)

	Maca: Traditional knowledge, new world
		The patents were declared invalid by a 1994 ruling of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), which found that anything held in CGIAR collections could not be restricted by monopoly patents.
		Because the maca patent is not on the germplasm but on specific ingredients, extracted because of prior knowledge of the effects of maca, the challenge is less clear.
		Patents deny the existence of knowledge that is essential to the culture.
	www.american.edu /TED/maca.htm (3288 words)

	NIH Office of Technology Transfer (OTT)
		A license may be for patented, or patent pending technology, or for unpatented biological materials.
		A U.S. patent application must be filed prior to any public disclosure of an invention to preserve international patent rights and must be filed within one year of the official publication date or public use to preserve U.S. patent rights.
		The OTT is responsible for the supervision of patent prosecution and for ensuring that all information and material are forwarded to the PTO to assure that a patent may be awarded.
	ott.od.nih.gov /faqs/lic_faq.html (1687 words)

	TAKING BIOLOGICS FOR GRANTED? TAKINGS, TRADE SECRETS, AND OFF-PATENT BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS
		Biologics are complex medicines which are often genetically engineered, and which are sure to play an important role in curing some of humankind's worst diseases.
		Biologics, on the other hand, are regulated under the PHSA and are evaluated by the Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER).
		The high prices of biologic therapies make it imperative that generic or off-patent products be marketed as options for consumers after patent and exclusivity protections for manufacturers have expired.
	www.law.duke.edu /journals/dltr/articles/2005dltr0004.html (5362 words)

	ATCC: Patent Depository
		For seeds, the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) considers 2500 seeds to be a minimum number in a normal case, but will allow an applicant to provide justification as to why a lesser number would be suitable under certain circumstances.
		Restricted patent deposits can only be obtained with the written authorization of the depositor or by official request from the pertinent patent office.
		USPTO rules require a patent deposit to be made available to the public upon issuance of the pertinent U.S. patent.
	www.atcc.org /common/services/PatentDep.cfm (1881 words)

	Article : Patent Rights in Biological Material Genetic Engineering News - Biotechnology from Bench to Business
		The patent was assigned to the Regents of the University of California.
		Matalon filed a patent application claiming the genetic sequence for the Canavan gene, which subsequently issued as a patent and was assigned to MCH.
		The courts in the Moore and Greenberg cases agreed that donors of biological materials do not have ownership rights in their biological materials and that researchers who obtain patents on inventions derived from the biological materials (and reap economic benefits from the patents) are not liable for conversion.
	www.genengnews.com /articles/chitem.aspx?aid=1880 (1143 words)

	Nontoxic Pest Control Alternative . Natural Enzyme · Biological Pesticide · Patent Process
		Pest control expert Stephen L. Tvedten has patented and documented the use of enzyme compounds as biological pesticides to achieve safe and effective control of virtually any insect.
		Tvedten's U.S. Patented Process has 77 claims on the process of using various surfactant formulas and enzyme compositions to control a broad array of pests such as insects, arachnids, bacteria, viruses, and mold.
		The Patent protects the use of enzyme-based compounds for the purpose of controlling insect pests using non-toxic alternatives.
	www.safesolutionsinc.com /Enzyme_Cleaner_Pest_Control.htm (2014 words)

	rediff.com: 'India must get the world to condemn what the US is doing with patents' - Interview with Dr Suman Sahai
		So, to extend patents on biological materials to large commercial giants is in itself revolting, immoral and unethical.
		Patent holders in the field of biology are these gigantic multinationals.
		In the area of biological materials, it is particularly reprehensible as it relates to food and health security.
	www.rediff.com /money/2001/aug/28inter.htm (1192 words)

	EGA - Generics Glossary
		The period of time during which the medicines authorities are not allowed to consult the dossier of an originator pharmaceutical to verify the safety and efficacy of the active moiety in the application for marketing authorisation of a generic medicine.
		The patent prohibits others from making, using or selling the invention without the permission of the inventor in the territory where the patent was issued, whilst enabling the advancement of knowledge through the publication of the technical and scientific details of the patented invention.
		A patent that has been granted to a pharmaceutical company for a new use that is developed for a specified medicinal product.
	www.egagenerics.com /glossary.htm (2061 words)

	FAQ (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		One of the patent attorney’s concerns will be understanding your invention; but a second major concern will be finding a great way to describe your invention — a way that both the experts in the field and the laypersons on the jury will both understand and agree with.
		If, however, you provide prior art to the USPTO as part of your application, and get a patent issued anyways, there is an extremely strong bias in the law that presumes your patent is not anticipated by the prior art.
		Because sometimes the patent attorney has already thought ahead or come up with a general-enough description that your addition is already covered.
	www.thepatentlawyer.net /faq.htm (1989 words)

	Chemical patent - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Chemical patents are different from other sources of technical information because of the generic, Markush structures contained within them, named after the inventor Eugene Markush who won a claim in the US in 1925 to allow such structures to be used in patent claims.
		These generic structures are used to make the patent claim as broad as possible.
		Chemical patents are particularly important in the pharmaceuticals industry where they are used to protect the large investments that are necessary to develop drugs.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Chemical_patent (126 words)

	Nanogen Issued Patent for Electronic Devices for Active Biological Operations , Patent, Nanogen - NanoTechWire.com - ...
		The '880 patent relates to new devices that enable increased sensitivity of active, programmable electronic matrix (APEX) devices and perform actions such as concentration and assembly of biological materials on a substrate.
		With the addition of the '880 patent, Nanogen now has 59 issued patents in the United States.
		"The '880 patent builds upon and extends our previous programmable electronic matrix patents by describing approaches to the collection and concentration of biological materials that can then be manipulated in an organized manner," said Howard C. Birndorf, Nanogen chairman and chief executive officer.
	www.nanotechwire.com /news.asp?nid=868 (333 words)

	rediff.com: 'We have resoundingly lost the basmati case' - Interview with Dr Suman Sahai
		When the basmati patent was granted to RiceTec, India was supposed to have challenged it.
		The patent claims were in three categories: on the variety of the rice, grain quality and its method of production.
		Any scientist worth his salt can challenge any biological patent as there is so much variability.
	www.rediff.com /money/2001/aug/27inter.htm (895 words)

	With biological filter - PatentStorm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The present invention relates to an integrated closed loop system for aquaculture in at least one culturing tank and using continuous bioreactor technology for the biological treatment and removal of organic material, nitrogen and phosphorous, comprising: an integrated, partially or wholly...
		An aquaculture water quality ecology system to improve water quality in an aquaculture pond by guiding water into a physical filtration tank at the top of the system, then flow into a sedimentation tank to rid of algae, pathogenic bacteria, and parasites before being dripped down to a...
		A biofilter system of the present invention utilizes an Alternating-Aerobic-Anoxic (AAA) process in a single reactor to provide efficient and cheap removal of carbonaceous materials, nitrogenous materials, and/or mixtures thereof from aqueous waste.
	www.patentstorm.us /class/119/227-With_biological_filter.html (1277 words)

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