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Topic: Biological process

	Aerobic biological process for treating waste sludges - Patent 5271845
		Process according to claim 12, wherein said heating is carried out during initial emulsification to assist in stripping of organic contaminants from inorganic contaminants contained in the waste sludge.
		Process according to claim 16, wherein heat released through the biological exothermic activity is used to reduce the volume of treated waste sludge by evaporation of water contained in the treated sludge.
		In practice, the process is used to treat oily sludges while reducing the volume of the sludge by as much as 60% as a result of the water loss from the waste sludge due to the application of the exothermic biological energy.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5271845.html (3459 words)

	Biological process - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		A biological process is a process of a living organism.
		Biological processes are made up of any number of chemical reactions or other events that results in a transformation.
		Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Biological_process (308 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| A literature-based similarity metric for biological processes
		The selection consists of 49 pairs of biological processes (see Additional file 5), where 30 pairs (61.22%) have at least 1 gene in common (annotated with both processes), and 19 (38.78%) have no common genes (genes shared by two processes are obtained among the genes annotated for a GO term or any of their descendants).
		This modification is the coupling of a prenyl lipid, farnesyl, to a cysteine residue four amino acids from the carboxyl terminus, a process which is dependent on the presence of a carboxyl-terminal CAAX motif [41].
		Correspondingly, most similar processes to 'iron ion homeostasis' are: 'metal ion homeostasis' (0.95 similarity) to which it is related by hierarchy in the ontology, 'high affinity iron ion transport' (0.94), 'iron ion transport' (0.94), 'siderophore transport' (0.86) and 'mitochondrial iron ion transport' (0.83), corresponding to several ion transport processes.
	www.biomedcentral.com /1471-2105/7/363 (7544 words)

	Virginia Department of Health (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Biological treatment is principally used to process organic contaminants in wastewaters that may be subject to primary treatment prior to this step.
		Biological treatment involves the use of a reactor, to establish a concentrated population of microorganisms (Biomass), followed by clarification operations designed to retain the biomass within the treatment process.
		The reactor biomass reduces the strength of the clarified effluent by greatly concentrating the natural process of biological water purification within the reactor.
	www.vdh.state.va.us /oehs/wwe/biologicaltreatment.asp (408 words)

	B. Zavadovsky: The "Physical" and "Biological" in the Process of Organic Evolution
		In this case the "physical" is frequently identified with the surrounding "external" conditions, and the biological with the "internal" autonomous vital forces, "entelechies" or "dominants," immanent and inherent in life as such, in contrast to the material, "physical" laws of nature.
		Thus he reduces the problem of the modification of the gene, as a biological factor of heredity, to the physical moment of the expulsion of an electron from the biological molecule, forgetting thereby the profound qualitative peculiarity of the biological process compared with physical phenomena.
		Precisely from this point of view, biological phenomena, historically connected with physical phenomena in inorganic nature, are none the less not only not reducible to physico-chemical or mechanical laws, but within their own limits as biological processes display varied and qualitatively distinct laws.
	www.marxists.org /subject/science/essays/zavadovsky.htm (1570 words)

	Biological Process Ontology Guidelines
		Morphogenesis terms capture the process by which the shape or form of a whole organism or part of an organism is gradually formed, for example morphogenesis of a worm, a leaf, or a limb.
		Clearly for the case of me from a biological perspective, the start can be set at the fertilised egg (although that is still argued in legal circles, and ontologists might argue that the individual is not established until the point when it is too late for the egg to divide to produce two individuals).
		The response of a cell or an organism to a stimulus is all the processes that occur as a result of the stimulus occurring within or outside the cell or organism.
	www.geneontology.org /GO.process.guidelines.shtml (6569 words)

	Wastewater Treatment Process
		Preliminary treatment, the first treatment process, consists of the removal of substances that may interfere with the downstream processes or be detrimental to the plant equipment.
		The activated sludge process is a biological process utilizing an active biomass (bacteria and other microorganisms) to neutralize the organic matter in the wastewater.
		The secondary process is a very sensitive biological process and can be adversely impacted by the discharge of incompatible or toxic wastes into the sewer system.
	www.ci.gillette.wy.us /util/process.html (1362 words)

	Municipal Solid Waste Composting: Biological Processing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Process management can be optimized for a number of criteria, including the rate of decomposition (to reduce residence time in reactors and thus minimize facility size requirements), pathogen control, and odor management.
		Process control is normally through pressure and/or vacuum-induced aeration, with either temperature or oxygen as the control variable.
		Process control is usually by pressure-induced aeration, where the airflow is opposite to the downward materials flow.
	www.p2pays.org /ref/12/11867 (3461 words)

	Petrochemical Process beats Biological Process in Plastic Production (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		For the biological process, fermentation requires 42% of the energy and centrifugation and washing require 58% of the energy, all of which is supplied by combustion of fossil fuels.
		A message from the study is that future assessments of biological processes must incorporate not only the use of raw materials, which are mostly renewable, but also address the indirect consumption of non-renewable energy sources required to carry out such processes.
		The manufacturing process comparison discussed above suggests strongly that concepts for the reduction of non-renewable energy used in the biological process must be identified and applied successfully if this technology is to become competitive with conventional petrochemical processing.
	www.scjai.com /technote27.html (387 words)

	GLIF_Ontology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		We developed a formal yet intuitive knowledge model of biological processes and functions that is graphical, for human comprehension, and machine-interpretable, to allow reasoning.
		Our framework for modeling biological processes is based on the Workflow model of the Workflow Management Coalition and incorporates the TAMBIS ontology as a biological controlled vocabulary.
		We added other elements that are relevant to biological systems: cellular location information for process participants and the types of evidence that support facts in the knowledge base.
	smi-web.stanford.edu /projects/helix/pubs/process-model (354 words)

	Introduction: Wastewater Characterization ... Biological Phosphors Removal
		The overall total phosphorus removal obtained in a conventional biological wastewater treatment is generally less than 20% and is even less in wastewater treatment plants where anaerobic digester supernatant is recycled to the head of the plant.
		Therefore, additional wastewater characteristics are necessary to evaluate the feasibility of biological phosphorus removal and to design a biological treatment process for phosphorus removal.
		These models can be used to determine the process volume and to evaluate the effects of COD loading, biomass concentration, and sludge age on the phosphorus and nitrogen removal efficiencies.
	www.dnr.state.wi.us /org/water/wm/ww/biophos/1intro.htm (1122 words)

	Predicting Gene Ontology Biological Process From Temporal Gene Expression Patterns -- Lægreid et al. 13 (5): 965 ...
		Gene Ontology biological process classifications for 211 of
		Genes annotated with the 23 broad biological processes used in the present work distributed across the 10 expression profile clusters (A–J) as determined by Iyer et al.
		Tjeldvoll, and Tor-Kristian Jenssen to the annotation process
	www.genome.org /cgi/content/full/13/5/965 (4783 words)

	The Bow Shall be in the Cloud - The Mysteries Archives (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		It appears likely that there are a number of physical agents that might actively, but largely benignly, interact or interfere with biological processes in an adversary in a manner that will provide our armed forces the tools to control these adversaries without extensive loss of life or property.
		The literature regarding the interaction of biological processes with electromagnetic fields is growing at a rapid rate.
		Sources are becoming more available, biomedical instrumentation is improving so that the interactions between biological processes and physical fields can be examined with fewer artifacts, and the principles underlying these interactions are becoming clearer and more amenable to theoretical prediction.
	www.hiddenmysteries.org /mysteries/whatsthis/bioprocess.html (867 words)

	Wiley::Biological Process Engineering: An Analogical Approach to Fluid Flow, Heat Transfer, and Mass Transfer Applied ...
		Presenting for the first time a practical, design-oriented, interdisciplinary approach to transport phenomena involving biological systems, Biological Process Engineering emphasizes the common aspects of the three main transport processes-fluid flow, heat transfer, and mass transfer.
		In clear and simple terms, it explores the relevance of these processes to broadly defined biological systems such as the growth of microbes in bioreactors, the leaching of pollutants into groundwater, and the chemistry of food manufacturing.
		An ideal undergraduate text for biological engineering students taking courses in transport processes, Biological Process Engineering is also an excellent reference for practicing engineers.
	ca.wiley.com /remtitle.cgi?047124547X (379 words)

	Circuit diagrams for biological networks : Article : Molecular Systems Biology
		State nodes represent entities in the biological process, such as proteins, RNA or genes, and transition nodes represent modulations of the reactions, such as association, dissociation, activation or inhibition.
		An SBGN process diagram (A) and a molecular interaction map (B) of a signaling pathway triggered by ligand binding to EGFR molecules.
		Panel A depicts this pathway as a process diagram (for symbols, see Kitano et al, 2005; Oda et al, 2005); panel B depicts the same pathway as a molecular interaction map (for symbols, see Kohn, 1999, 2001; Kohn et al, 2005).
	www.nature.com /msb/journal/v2/n1/full/msb4100044.html (1220 words)

	MODELING BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES- EVOLVING APPLICATIONS
		Biological process models provide tools to systematically consider the interactions between various system components and the resulting overall behavior of the system.
		This lecture will also discuss potential advances in biological process modeling based on recent developments such as improved understanding of the biochemical metabolisms potentially available, the use of metabolic modeling of individual microorganisms, and new biochemcial probing tools.
		The application of CFD to biological process reactors is more recent and promises better understanding of circulation patterns and unique behavior, such as simultaneous biological nutrient removal.
	www.cmer.wsu.edu /Kappelecture.htm (321 words)

	US Centrifuge Biological Process - Transforming the Costs of Effluent Waste Treatment into a Revenue Generation Source
		The basic process developed for Low Cost Effluent Treatment and Revenue Generation is based on a two-step biological process that is unlike conventional digestion systems commonly seen in wastewater treatment plants.
		The basic two-step biological process for Low Cost Effluent Treatment and Revenue Generation process is the same, but every plant is unique.
		IN many cases, along with the specifically designed and unique process system, we are providing the technology that solves your effluent treatment problems and the vehicle to sell the product that generates the revenue, and we contract to maintain both ends.
	www.uscentrifuge.com /USET-bio-process.htm (1486 words)

	PRESS RELEASE Advanced Technology Removes Perchlorate to Below Detection From Contaminated Drinking Water (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Acceptance of Carollo Engineers' biological treatment process is the first approval of its kind for a non-proprietary perchlorate treatment technology and now makes it possible to implement such a treatment process in California.
		The result is high process efficiency with water recoveries greater than 97 percent.
		In a letter of conditional acceptance, the CA DHS stated that it accepts fixed bed biological treatment to remove or reduce perchlorate from source water(s) that might be used for potable supply.
	www.marketwire.com /mw/release_html_b1?release_id=82433 (450 words)

	Unique Cleaning Process Solves Biological Control Problem for Greif Pulp & Paper - Find Articles
		A method was needed that would remove biological and other deposits from the machine system.
		It would have to be invisible to the paper making process parameters after restart of the machine.
		To successfully implement the complex boilout, a team was formed including people with an understanding of the Greif processes, experience with complex boilouts, and sound understanding of the chemistry involved.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3636/is_200605/ai_n16431085 (857 words)

	Biological - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Biomass, living or dead biological matter, often plants grown as fuel
		Biomass (ecology), the total mass of living biological matter
		Biomolecule, a chemical compound that naturally occurs in living organisms
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Biological (130 words)

	ENVE 427/527 Environmental Engineering Biological Process Design
		Emphases are on the design and analysis of biological environmental engineering unit operations and processes.
		An ability to analyze the performance of a complete-mix biological reactor used for reduction of carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand and nitrification to prescribed limits.
		An ability to analyze the performance of a reactor characterized as several complete-mix biological reactors in series used for reduction of carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand and nitrification to prescribed limits.
	www.hpcnet.org /cgi-bin/global/a_bus_card.cgi?SiteID=392974 (315 words)

	SGD Glossary Terms (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.isi.jhu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		A portion of a split gene that is included in the transcript of a gene and survives processing of the RNA to become part of the spliced messenger of a structural RNA.
		There are three independently organized controlled vocabularies, or gene ontologies, one for molecular function, one for biological process, and one for cellular component.
		Biological information ascertained by SGD curators from abstracts for a given gene name are categorized under pre-determined "topics".
	www.yeastgenome.org.cob-web.org:8888 /help/glossary.html (11319 words)

	Of Apples and Animals--An Introduction to Biotechnology: Unit III: Biological Processes and Old Biotechnology
		But that is not the only thing happening in organisms: different processes take place naturally in organisms in order that they can grow, move, and maintain themselves.
		As you probably know, this process has been harnessed to produce a number of foods that we enjoy today, e.g.
		When oxygen is insufficient, cells in organisms switch to the fermentation process to provide that energy.
	ohioline.osu.edu /oaa/oaa_5.html (2408 words)

	UNL \| Biological Process Development Facility (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.isi.jhu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The University of Nebraska-Lincoln Biological Process Development Facility (BPDF) is a leading research laboratory in the development of vaccines and therapeutic agents from recombinant proteins.
		The BPDF provides public and private sector clients with process research and early manufacturing of new therapeutic molecules for human clinical testing.
		A large portion of the BPDF's work is in the development of vaccines against biological warfare agents and products that can be used as therapeutic countermeasures to treat people who have been exposed to biological agents.
	bpdf.unl.edu.cob-web.org:8888 (287 words)

	MIT EHS - RDNA
		This process was developed to meet the requirements of the NIH Recombinant DNA Guidelines and various local regulatory authorities.
		Protocols may be amended within the 3 year period by submission of a letter to BSP for approval.
		At BL2+ and BL3, the investigator is required to document the laboratory procedures and techniques that will be used to prevent exposure/infection of personnel during the course of the project.
	web.mit.edu /environment/ehs/rdna.html (1007 words)

	Biological Processes - AquaPASS process system is a leading-edge biological process technology for enhanced nutrient ...
		Biological Processes - AquaPASS process system is a leading-edge biological process technology for enhanced nutrient removal and wastewater reuse.
		The AquaPASS™ process system is a leading-edge technology in the application of activated sludge for enhanced nutrient removal and wastewater reuse objectives.
		Process management of aerobic/anoxic events via time or instrument feedback
	www.aqua-aerobic.com /aquaPass.asp (308 words)

	Scientists use quantum mechanics to control a biological process
		University of Toronto scientists suggest there is much more to learn: a U of T team earned the cover of Science magazine last week with their discovery that biological processes can be manipulated at the level of quantum mechanics – that is, at the infinitesimal level of matter’s wave properties.
		This protein is known to react to light but the team found that varying the timing of the light waves in the laser pulse affected the yield of photochemical reaction over a 40 per cent range.
		Other scientists have done similar experiments on atoms or small molecules to investigate how chemical reactions might be susceptible to wave interference effects, but Prokhorenko’s team is first to steer a biological process with coherent light.
	www.physorg.com /news76773461.html (663 words)

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