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Topic: Biological reproduction

In the News (Tue 15 Dec 09)

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	Painting Reproductions -- Recommendations and Resources (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Asexual reproduction is a biological process by which an organism creates a genetically similar copy of itself without the combination of genetic material with another individual.
		Reproduction is for multiplication; sex is for recombination and saving alleles that may be valuable in the future.
		In relation to abortion, supporters of reproductive rights consider it misleading to say that a political leader "supports abortion", when he or she simply supports a woman's right to choose without governmental interference.
	www.becomingapediatrician.com /health/113/painting-reproductions.html (1131 words)

	Social Reproduction
		This is biological reproduction and involves issues related to reproductive behaviour - patterns of sexual relationships, family structures, biological abilities or inabilities (fecundity and sterility), contraceptive practices, abortion, infanticide, and the health of mothers, children and families.
		Reproduction is sometimes examined on a short term basis, to include the daily, weekly, or annual process of survival and maintenance of life.
		Reproduction may also be used in an economic sense in terms of reproducing the capital structures and the infrastructure that are necessary to carry on economic activity over time.
	uregina.ca /~gingrich/feb2498.htm (3081 words)

	Feinberg and Ottenheimer/The Cultural Analysis of Kinship. Chapter 4 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Schneider used his ethnographic work among the Yapese to illustrate that, at least for them, coitus is not culturally recognized as relevant to reproduction; hence, in their conceptual framework it would appear to be erroneous to assert that they have a concept of kinship modeled on biological reproduction.
		This model is defined locally by the fact that biological reproduction links one person (a node in the structure) with two persons (two other nodes in the structure), with the stipulation that two of the persons have opposite sex and each contributes directly to the genetic makeup of the focal person (see figure 4.1).
		Assertions such as "Reproduction requires a biological male and a biological female" are valid only to the extent to which it actually does require a gamete from a male and a gamete from a female to produce a viable zygote.
	www.press.uillinois.edu /epub/books/feinberg/ch4.html (10828 words)

	BIOED2000: Reygel
		The concept maps are an elaborated visualisation of the general biological knowledge and are a 'formal structure' of the theme 'reproduction'.
		With regard to the specific biological generalisations, the definitions of the subject matter in the curriculum documents appear to be sufficiently present, with the exception of the subject matter about reproduction technology.
		Here we focus on: the acquisition of knowledge and insight in a number of important biological generalisations; the understanding of the processes and the nature of science; the appreciation of biology as a science; the recognition of biological aspects in a societal context; the integration of relational and sexual education in school biology.
	www.iubs.org /cbe/papers/reygel2.html (3055 words)

	NASA's Advanced Automation for Space Missions: Chapter 5.2
		This highly simplified description of biological reproduction is offered only to illustrate the underlying logical strategies: (1) follow instructions to make machinery, (2) copy the instructions, (3) divide the machinery, providing a sufficient set in each half, (4) assign a set of instructions to each half, and (5) complete the physical separation.
		In the machine reproduction schemes explained thus far, some arbitrary part of the machine which cannot be inferred is always made explicitly available in memory initially, or is implicitly made available in memory or for inspection by means of an internal wired-in memory, also not directly accessible.
		One important difference must be borne in mind: biological organisms often have adapted their strategies to compete with other organisms, as well as to survive in a world where resources are renewed at certain rates over varying seasons.
	www.islandone.org /MMSG/aasm/AASM52.html (8337 words)

	Biological Reproduction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Reproduction is the creation of one thing as a copy of, product of, or replacement for a similar thing, e.g.
		Sexual reproduction is a biological process by which organisms create descendants through the combination of geneticmaterial.
		Asexual reproduction is a biological process by which an organism creates a genetically similar copy of itself withoutthe combination of genetic material with another individual.
	www.vermontreview.com /edge/45510-biological%20reproduction.html (611 words)

	eyech4-a.html
		By "reproduction" we are referring to the process of duplicating identical types of eyes fromone generation to another of a plant, animal or human.
		The complexity of eye optical reproduction indicates an original designer-creator at the micro level because of the complexity of cells, arrangement of cells, intelligence in cells, communication between cells for growth, control of the optical properties in cells, and communication between light-sensing cells and the brain.
		Reproduction must have an originating designer because of the communication of design details, which must occur in the process of vision reproduction.
	www.eyedesignbook.com /ch4/eyech4-a.html (1502 words)

	Biological Exuberance. Bruce Bagemihl. Book review.
		The proximate cause of food consumption and sex is an anticipated agreeable sensation in the brain, the ultimate cause is an increase of the probability of survival and reproduction.
		Reproduction is not inherently important, but it is an indispensable ingredient of Darwin's theory to explain adaptation.
		Although death and reproduction are not 'the goal of life', they are crucial to explain the existence of life on earth.
	home.planet.nl /~gkorthof/korthof62.htm (2966 words)

	LiveScience.com - Reproduction, Human Reproduction, Animal Reproduction
		Reproduction is the biological process by which existing organisms create new individual organisms.
		The many known methods of reproduction are generally placed into one of two classifications, sexual and asexual reproduction.
		During sexual reproduction, an embryo is formed when an egg carried by the female is fertilized by the male (as during human reproduction).
	www.livescience.com /reproduction (273 words)

	Biological reproduction - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Asexual reproduction is not, however, limited to single-celled organisms.
		The concept of "individual" is obviously stretched by this asexual reproductive process.
		Whether or not there were several independent abiogenetic events, biologists believe that the last common ancestor to all present life on earth lived about 3.5 billion years ago.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Reproduction (1521 words)

	Week 1 - Introduction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		As sociologists, we need to be aware of how fundamentally reproduction cuts across various levels of analysis: the world, the nation-state, the group (whether it is ethnic, religious, minority or majority), the family and the individual and especially consider how gender impacts all these levels.
		Social reproduction is defined by Laslett and Brenner as "the activities and attitudes, behaviors and motions, responsibilities and relationships directly involved in the maintenance of life on a daily basis, and inter-generationally"….
		The relationship of male reproductive activity to paternity is not as clear a connection as is the relationship of female reproductive activity to maternity.
	www.christinemorton.com /CHM/S000_week01.htm (2183 words)

	Science Department
		It expands and refines the biological concepts that were introduced in the elementary and the junior high/middle school, and presents additional facts, concepts, and generalizations.
		It expands the biological concepts that were introduced in the elementary and junior high/middle school, and presents additional facts, concepts, and generalizations.
		The content includes, but is not limited to, scientific method, scientific measurement, laboratory safety and use of laboratory apparatus, biochemistry, cell biology, cell reproduction, genetics, biological changes through time, classification and taxonomy, microorganisms and disease, structure and function of plants, structure and function of animals, human anatomy and physiology, and ecological relationships.
	www.sbac.edu /~nhs/science.htm (876 words)

	MBL scientists confirm evolutionary exception
		Their results demonstrate a radical exception to the biological rule that abandonment of sexual reproduction is an evolutionary dead end.
		While the researchers previously demonstrated that bdelloid genomes contain two or more divergent gene copies, an observation consistent with long-term asexual reproduction, a significant shortcoming of their approach was the inability to detect nearly identical gene pairs, as might result from inbreeding or other rare forms of sexual reproduction.
		The Marine Biological Laboratory is an internationally known, independent, nonprofit institution dedicated to improving the human condition through creative research and education in the biological, biomedical and environmental sciences.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2004-01/mbl-msc012004.php (841 words)

	[No title]
		Whitehead was suing to abrogate her contract to bear a child for adoption by another couple: the semen donor and thus natural father, and his wife, the would-be social mother.
		He argues for the recognition of the profound biological, chemical, emotional and social bond of motherhood that exists in every society in contrast to the investment of the biological father which is minimal.
		In effect, Fox suggests that the complex biological interests of the mother in her offspring should take priority over all others involved, including even the child, who can be adopted, if this is done immediately, with little or no adverse effect on its subsequent development.
	www.bsos.umd.edu /gvpt/lpbr/subpages/reviews/fox.htm (979 words)

	Sexual reproduction - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Sexual reproduction is a type of reproduction that results in increasing genetic diversity of the offspring.
		It is characterized by two processes: meiosis, involving the halving of the number of chromosomes; and fertilization, involving the fusion of two gametes and the restoration of the original number of chromosomes.
		Sexual reproduction is the primary method of reproduction for the vast majority of visible organisms, including almost all animals and plants.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sexual_reproduction (1265 words)

	Diversity
		In this paper we explore how the concepts of diversity in biological systems may be applied to construct computer systems, for resulting benefits such as adaptibility and surviviability, which are natural objectives in both biological and computer systems.
		Diversity in biological systems occurs on many levels, from the diversity of lymphocytes in the immune system, to the diversity of genes in offspring, to the resulting diversity of individuals in a species, and finally to the diversity among different species.
		Reproduction for a detailed discussion on generating diversity through reproduction.
	bolero.ics.uci.edu /bionet/resources/diversity.html (1575 words)

	The Vent #418
		The sexual privacy cases referred to by plaintiff do not give either biological parent the right to escape responsibility after the child is born.
		I'm trying not to read more into that "laws of biological reproduction" phrase than actually is there, but I can't help but think that this is a shot across the bow of those who think everything, from the time of the sunrise to the taste of one's tea, is subject to legislation.
		Reproduction and child support requirements occur without regard to the male's wishes or his emotional attachment to his offspring.
	www.dustbury.com /vent/vent418.html (652 words)

	Department of Biological Sciences (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Application of elementary physical and biological principles to the understanding of plant processes involved in the assimilation, metabolism, and regulation of growth and development.
		Methodological approaches and theory of instrumentation applicable to biological research and biomedical technology, with emphasis on types of electrophoresis, methods of chromatography, spectrophotometric analysis, radiation measurements, radioimmunoassay techniques, and basic biochemical calculations.
		Special topics in the biological sciences of current interest to faculty and students will be presented through lecture, discussion and report.
	www.biology.eku.edu /ugrdcour.htm (1745 words)

	Men, Reproduction and Fatherhood
		The policy monograph on the subject of Men, Reproduction, and Fatherhood is based on a seminar on 'Male Fertility in the Era of Fertility Decline' organized by the Committee on Anthropological Demography of the International union for the Scientific Study of Population.
		Three that may lend themselves to focused interventions within the scope of family planning and reproductive health programmes are non-scientific understandings of reproduction; low participation in family planning programmes, and knowledge of sexually transmitted diseases.
		Hypotheses about reproductive processes that young men cobble together based on serendipitous observations and imaginative induction are likely to be too inaccurate and abstract to be of much help in controlling their fertility.
	www.iussp.org /Publications_on_site/PRP/prp12.php (8965 words)

	Fipa Families — www.greenwood.com
		The opportunities of the Catholic Church complemented and competed with Fipa processes of social and biological reproduction, and Catholicism became part of the fabric of Fipa society because of, and despite, its resonance with Fipa culture.
		At the heart of both Fipa and missionary concerns were the processes of socialization (social reproduction) and biological reproduction, processes carried out within the context of the family.
		Yet, at the heart of both Fipa and missionary concerns for cultural and religious perpetuation lay the processes of socialization (social reproduction) and biological reproduction--both processes carried out within the context of the family.
	www.greenwood.com /catalog/E07112.aspx?print=1 (364 words)

	Jacques Maritain Center: Steven Snyder
		Specifically--and ancient and medieval Aristotelians said this on account of their imperfect chemical and biological knowledge--the substantial form of the male is the efficient cause whose formal reality is adequate to produce an effect of the same kind.
		Semen acts instrumentally in reproduction, that is, it acts through its own proper powers, formalities, and nature to achieve an effect beyond the limits and powers of its own nature, viz.
		One reason Aristotelians of early centuries did not recognize the dynamism of biological change was that they did not understand the complex formality of the instruments of reproduction, sperm and egg.
	www.nd.edu /Departments/Maritain/ti/snyder.htm (3286 words)

	[No title]
		From a regulatory mechanism, to signal amplification, to cellular reproduction the biological activity achieved by protein phosphorylation is enormous.
		At a biological pH around 7, the process of phosphoryl transfer is extremely energetically favorable, with a Delta G of —12 kcal/mol.
		This type of biological deactivation is critical and if left uncontrolled may lead to damaged cells and cancer.
	www.nyu.edu /classes/ytchang/class/victor2.doc (726 words)

	Genders OnLine Journal - Consuming Pleasures of Re/Production: Going Behind the Scenes in Spielberg's Jurassic Park and ...
		The reproduction of social life takes on a literal meaning, as the film worries about cloning as a particular venue for the reproduction of life forms.
		As a reproductive and, in Hammond's case, baldly capitalistic enterprise, cloning is "driven by an economic system, a social fabric, and sets of technologies which profit by making the similar seem remarkable" (Schwartz n.p.), specifically by making the reproduction of the similar seem inventive.
		This "interweaving of heterosexuality, biological reproduction, cultural reproduction, and personal identity" is also a reproductive practice of capitalism whereby "the premises of a growth economy govern the sexual order" (Warner 9 emphasis added).
	www.genders.org /g36/g36_brigham.html (10126 words)

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