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	Biomass Energy Crops & Biomass Renewable Energy
		According to NASA Scientists, one-fifth of the carbon dioxide released annually from fossil-fuel emissions could be "sequestered" by planting energy crops on marginal lands of this type.
		With co-firing, an existing power generation facility is modified to allow use of energy crop fuel -- changing the fuel mix from a current 100% dependence on fossil fuels (such as coal, oil, natural gas) to approximately 5% biomass fuel and 95% fossil fuels.
		While displacing relatively small percentages of fossil fuel use with biomass energy crops may not sound like much, it is very significant when recognizing the tremendous size of electricity generation facilities.
	www.treepower.org (878 words)

	Biomass (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Biomass does not add carbon dioxide to the atmosphere as it absorbs the same amount of carbon in growing as it releases when consumed as a fuel.
		Biomass fuels used in India account for about one third of the total fuel used in the country, being the most important fuel used in over 90% of the rural households and about 15% of the urban households.
		Instead of burning the loose biomass fuel directly, it is more practical to compress it into briquettes (compressing them through a process to form blocks of different shapes) and thereby improve its utility and convenience of use.
	edugreen.teri.res.in /explore/renew/biomass.htm (544 words)

	Renewable Energy - Biomass including wood, MSW, and biofuels
		Biomass can be converted to other usable forms of energy like methane gas or transportation fuels like ethanol and biodiesel.
		Biomass continues to be a major source of energy in much of the developing world.
		Ethanol is an alcohol fuel made from the sugars found in grains, such as corn, sorghum, and wheat, as well as potato skins, rice, sugar cane, sugar beets, and yard clippings.
	www.eia.doe.gov /kids/energyfacts/sources/renewable/biomass.html (1400 words)

	Biomass Fuel from Woody Crops for Electric Power Generation
		For example, biomass may be a globally important mitigation option to reduce the rate of CO buildup by sequestering carbon and by displacing fossil fuels.
		Nearly all of the experience with biomass for power generation is based on the use of waste and residue fuels (primarily wood/wood wastes and agricultural residues).
		In countries where biomass plantations are supplying energy on a commercial basis, such as in Brazil, the Philippines and Sweden, it can be shown that a combination of government policies and/or high conventional energy prices have stimulated the use of short-rotation plantations for energy.
	bioenergy.ornl.gov /reports/fuelwood/toc.html (1268 words)

	Biomass Fuel
		Biomass fuels are combustible organic materials which can vary dramatically in form.
		Biomass fuel can be used to power a whole city, but it is not practical.
		Biomass Fuel is usually used right in the area of the user.
	members.tripod.com /mrpaine/biomass.html (556 words)

	Biomass Information
		Biomass district energy systems generate multiple savings by using a more efficient central heating system; replacing fuel that is imported to the community with lower cost, local fuel; and where cogeneration is used, maximizing fuel efficiency through production of both heat and electricity.
		Biomass district energy systems can be a major catalyst in community wealth creation by displacing imports, using local resources, avoiding waste disposal costs, creating jobs associated with use of local fuel source, and generating new business income.
		Biomass is the major source of fuel (mainly construction wood waste) and fossil fuels are used as a backup.
	www.newenergy.org /biomass_info.html (2198 words)

	Feasibility Study of A Biomass Power Plant
		A fuel assessment was conducted to determine the current and projected amounts and quality of biomass fuels available from construction waste, sawmill waste, and forest thinnings in the region.
		The fuel assessment also revealed that the forests were characterized by large amounts of dead fuel on the forest floor that consisted of large mats of fine fuels and a high amount of the larger fuels (approx.
		This section describes the results of the fuel assessment study conducted to determine the current and projected amounts and quality of biomass fuels that would be available in the study region for the proposed biomass power plant from forest thinnings, sawmill waste, municipal wood waste and sewage sludge.
	www.westbioenergy.org /angelfire.htm (16422 words)

	Hemp as biomass (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Very few people know what "biomass conversion" or "pyrolysis" mean--not only in terms of their dictionary definitions, but in terms of what they mean as alternative sources of energy, to the limited, expensive and dirty petro-chemical, nuclear, or coal sources.
		Biomass is the term used to describe all biologically produced matter.
		When this energy system is on line producing a steady supply of fuel for electrical power plants, it will be more feasible to build the complex gasifying systems to produce methanol from the cubed biomass, or make synthetic gasoline from the methanol by the addition of the Mobil Co. process equipment to the gasifier.
	fornits.com /curiosity/hemp/biomassa.htm (1214 words)

	RAEL: Biomass Energy in Zimbabwe (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Biomass Energy for Sustainable Economic, Social, and Environmental Development in Eastern Zimbabwe is an applied research project based in the Renewable and Appropriate Energy Laboratory (RAEL) of the Energy and Resources Group (ERG) at the University of California, Berkeley in collaboration with the Intermediate Technology Development Group (ITDG) - Southern Africa.
		The project's principal objectives will be to examine the technical and economic feasibility of the available alternative biomass energy generation technologies, their effect on the forest-management practices, and the social implications for this region.
		The main team directing the Zimbabwe biomass energy project are Professor Daniel M. Kammen, Director of RAEL at UC, Berkeley and Mr.
	socrates.berkeley.edu /~rael/zimbabwe.html (2570 words)

	Developing Switchgrass into a Biomass Fuel Crop for the Midwestern USA
		Optimum stage of growth and time period for harvest of switchgrass biomass in the Midwest was a three week period after plants were fully headed (about July 20 to August 15) and the optimum fertilization rate was 120 kg N/ha.
		Biomass yields for germplasm accessions (numbered strains) from native prairies in comparison to check cultivars at three Midwestern environments in 1991 and 1992.
		Biomass was harvested after a killing frost the establishment year and after plants were headed the year after establishment (Brejda, 1996).
	bioenergy.ornl.gov /papers/bioen98/vogel.html (2849 words)

	biomass, biomass fuel
		Biomass fuel is a specific type of biomass used to produce synthetic fuels or which can be burned in its natural state to produce energy.
		Biomass fuels range from peat and manure to grain byproducts and food processing wastes.
		Energy produced from the burning of biomass fuel may or may not be considered green power depending on the quantity of airborne pollutants and other byproducts the fuel produces when burned or converted to fuel.
	www.energyvortex.com /energydictionary/biomass__biomass_fuel.html (126 words)

	The Energy Story - Chapter 10: Biomass Energy
		Biomass is matter usually thought of as garbage.
		Recycling biomass for fuel and other uses cuts down on the need for "landfills" to hold garbage.
		This is biomass from lumber mill wastes, urban wood waste, forest and agricultural residues and other feed stocks.
	www.energyquest.ca.gov /story/chapter10.html (637 words)

	Bioenergy Technology Ltd.: What is biomass?
		Biomass is a fuel from any recently living organism, the form most readily available in the U.K. is chipped wood.
		All members of the EU are committed to carbon emission reduction, and Biomass forms an important part of this strategy.
		Biomass is a chosen growth sectors in the U.K. Opportunities for district heating and Combined Heat and Power (CHP) projects.
	www.bioenergy.org /biomass.html (200 words)

	Rezachek & Associates' Energy & Environmental Resources - Renewable Energy - Biomass
		Today, various forms of biomass energy account for nearly 4 percent of all energy consumed in the U.S. and 45 percent of renewable energy used in the U.S. Biomass is used to meet a variety of energy needs, including generating electricity, heating homes, fueling vehicles and providing process heat for industrial facilities.
		Biomass Power Industry Assessment Report During September 1992 through January 1993, a review team established by the Department of Energy conducted an assessment of the U.S. biomass power industry.
		Biomass Resources Information Clearinghouse The purpose of this clearinghouse is to provide high-quality biomass resource data for the United States.
	home.hawaii.rr.com /rezachek/biomapg1.htm (1563 words)

	Ethanol / Methanol Vehicles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Alcohol has been used as a transportation fuel ever since Henry Ford used ethyl alcohol to run his Model T. Two types of alcohol are used: methyl alcohol (methanol) and ethyl alcohol (ethanol).
		In California, however, ethanol fuel -- E85, a mixture of 85 percent ethanol and 15 percent gasoline -- is not available.
		Methanol is also being viewed as an excellent base fuel for fuel cell vehicles.
	www.consumerenergycenter.org /transportation/afv/ethanol.html (675 words)

	biomassnew
		Biomass may also prove to be one of the main renewable energy options than can compete on large scael with fossil fuels on short term already.
		In the work there is a focus on using biomass with efficient techniques to convert them to modern energy sources, such as liquid fuels and electricity.
		Summer 1995 a biomass conference at Oak Ridge National Laboratory and the 2nd biomass conference of the America's in Portland, Oregon were attended.
	www.chem.uu.nl /nws/www/research/e&e/biomas_a.htm (7480 words)

	Domestic biomass fuel combustion and chronic bronchitis in two rural Bolivian villages -- Albalak et al. 54 (11): 1004 ...
		Domestic biomass fuel combustion and chronic bronchitis in two rural Bolivian villages -- Albalak et al.
		Domestic biomass fuel combustion and chronic bronchitis in two rural Bolivian villages
		Assessment of PM concentrations from domestic biomass fuel combustion in two rural Bolivian highland villages.
	www.thoraxjnl.com /cgi/content/full/54/11/1004 (3266 words)

	NREL: Biomass Research Home Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Biomass is plant matter such as trees, grasses, agricultural crops or other biological material.
		By integrating a variety of biomass conversion processes, all of these products can be made in one facility, called a biorefinery.
		Biomass RandD efforts at NREL are focused on biomass characterization, thermochemical and biochemical biomass conversion technologies, biobased products development, and biomass process engineering and analysis.
	www.nrel.gov /biomass (263 words)

	Rezachek & Associates' Energy & Environmental Resources - Renewable Energy - Biomass
		Biomass Energy - Converting Biomass Into Useful Energy Biomass energy—the energy contained in plants and organic matter—is one of humanity's earliest sources of energy.
		Canadian Renewable Fuels Association (CRFA) The Canadian Renewable Fuels Association (CRFA) is dedicated to development and promotion of biomass-based, environmentally beneficial transportation fuels, particularly ethanol and biodiesel.
		Sharing Information About Biomass Energy If you are interested in sharing information about biomass energy subjects, then we invite you to join the bioenergy mailing lists on the Internet.
	www.sustainablehawaii.com /biomapg1.htm (1563 words)

	A Study on Improved Institutional Biomass Stoves
		Small pieces of saw dust briquettes were used as fuel, and they showed very good results in terms of smokeless combustion after start-up.
		Efficiency of the stove, from several water boiling tests were: 21.64%, 19.91% and 20.31% using saw dust as fuel, and 27.17%, 27.27% and 26.20% using rice husk.
		Relatively low efficiency observed with saw dust as fuel appears to be due to higher losses caused by stronger flames.
	www.kenes.com /Ises.Abstracts/Htm/0256.htm (550 words)

	Biomass Energy Fact Sheet Generating Electricity from Biomass Fuel Crops .
		Using biomass energy crops as a Renewable Energy fuel source makes sense for our economy, energy independence, and the environment (especially in Florida and other Southern States).
		For both biomass options, the value is avoided CO2 emissions from a typical pulverized coal unit -- with the energy crop option reflecting the additional below ground carbon sequestration benefit.
		For biomass energy, low (4¢/kWh) and high (11¢/kWh) cost estimates are included, reflecting the wide array of fuel options (e.g., solid fuels, landfill gas, etc.) and technology options (e.g., co-firing at existing coal units, building new stand-alone facilities using bio-gas).
	www.treepower.org /quickfacts.html (1527 words)

	Fuel Cells, Hydrogen & Alternative Energy: Cooperation for Energy Independence of Democracies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Towards that end, advanced research and development concerning the development and commercial deployment of renewable energy technologies, conservation and the efficient use of energy and the promotion of fuel diversity, and the efficient use of energy should be supported by collaborative efforts among the United States, Israel and their democratic allies.
		Hydrogen fuel cell specialists from the Gas Technology Institute and Intelligent Energy Corporation are scheduled to appear before an audience of international energy experts Wednesday, August 27 at an energy conference in Jerusalem.
		The fuel cell specialists will argue that hydrogen fuel cells could be used today for pollution-free production of electricity at sites throughout the United States, including commercial office buildings and industrial sites.
	www.energycooperation.org (4781 words)

	Biomass Resources for Energy and Industry
		Pyrolysis produces energy fuels with high fuel-to-feed ratios, making it the most efficient process for biomass conversion, and the method most capable of competing and eventually replacing non-renewable fossil fuel resources.
		Sixty-eight percent of the energy in the raw biomass is contained in the charcoal and fuel oils made at the facility.
		Biomass conversion by pyrolysis has many environmental and economic advantages over fossil fuels, but coal and oil production dominates because costs are kept lower by various means including government protection.
	www.ratical.com /renewables/biomass.html (5957 words)

	Biofuels: Journey to Forever - how to make your own clean-burning biofuel, biodiesel from cooking oil, fuel alcohol, ...
		Both biodiesel and ethanol are clean, grow-your-own fuels that can be made on-site in small villages from renewable, locally available resources, for the most part using simple equipment that a village flsmith can make and maintain.
		Similarly, large amounts of fuel ethanol can be produced from city wastes by local micro-breweries, and the high-protein distillers mash by-product fed to city-farm livestock (or micro-livestock).
		A very large portion of the energy we use is just wasted, and that's where to start, not with the 60 billion gallons of petroleum diesel and 120 billion gallons of gasoline the US consumes each year, not to mention the heating oil and the power supply.
	journeytoforever.org /biofuel.html (4545 words)

	Biomass Energy Technology Area (BETA) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		The objective of the Area is to develop and disseminate technologies for efficient utilization of biomass, agriculture residues, and many industrial wastes as fuels.
		biomass gasification and developing of small biomass gasifiers suited for the requirements of developing countries.
		The Area is actively involved in the development of biomass gasifiers for thermal applications in small- and medium-scale industries.
	www.teriin.org /division/eetdiv/beta/beta.htm (1032 words)

	Hydrogen from Biomass - Energy Everywhere! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Biomass contains tremendous quantities of hydrogen, as do common waste products that end up in landfills.
		It is now possible to capture the methane produced from the decomposition of organic waste and use it to power turbines to generate electricity -- or to strip away the carbon to make pure hydrogen fuel.
		New technologies are combining the residual heat from fuel cells with turbines, resulting in some of the highest efficiencies ever measured.
	www.energycooperation.org /biomass.htm (93 words)

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