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Topic: Biopiracy

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	Biopiracy
		Under these new rules, it is expected that bioprospecting implies a prior informed consent, and must result in a share of the benefits between the biodiversity-rich country and the prospecting firm.
		In her book Biopiracy: The Plunder of Nature and Knowledge, Third World environmentalist Vandana Shiva describes the way the natural capital of indigenous people (as applying to land, to labour and to knowledge), was converted under colonialism.
		Indeed, a controversial case of biopiracy was reported on human genes of a tribal community reported to be resistant to malaria and leprosy.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/bi/Biopiracy.html (1321 words)

	Sun.Star Iloilo - Biopiracy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Biopiracy is the use of intellectual property laws such as patents to gain exclusive control and privatization over resources that are based on the knowledge and innovation of the indigenous peoples.
		Biopiracy happens when scientists in partnership with foreign institutions allow the latter to patent the end products of the collected biological and genetic substances that was searched and collected from the environment without proper seeking clearance and license from which he product has been originally taken.
		With the global trend in biopiracy and with these bioprospectors adept at using their updated technology in defeating us in the race of patenting of natural heritage, it is of crucial importance and a matter of survival that we commit ourselves in safeguarding our biological resources.
	www.sunstar.com.ph /static/ilo/2002/06/04/feat/biopiracy.html (1427 words)

	ZNet Commentary
		Biopiracy and patenting of indigenous knowledge is a double theft because first it allows theft of creativity and innovation, and secondly, the exclusive rights established by patents on stolen knowledge steal economic options of everyday survival on the basis of our indigenous biodiversity and indigenous knowledge.
		The problem of Biopiracy is a result of western style IPR systems, not the absence of such IPR systems in India.
		And if Biopiracy is not stopped, the every day survival of ordinary Indians will be threatened, as overtime our indigenous knowledge and resources will be used to make patented commodities for global trade.
	www.zmag.org /sustainers/content/1999-09/6shiva.htm (1519 words)

	Biopiracy / Winners of the 2006 Awards for Biopiracy... - Captain Hook Awards (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Biopiracy refers to the monopolization of genetic resources such as seeds and genes taken from the peoples or farming communities that have nurtured those resources.
		Today the main source of biopiracy occurs by corporations, academic institutes and governments claiming intellectual property over genetic resources - patents on life (eg gene patents) or claiming plant breeders rights.
		For some Biopiracy only refers to the unauthorised and illegal theft of knowledge and resources, claiming that legal bioprospecting agreements can be worked out to share commercial benefits.
	www.captainhookawards.org /biopiracy (307 words)

	Biodiversity: diversity of species; Biopiracy: The Legal Perspective by Michael A. Gollin
		A company that is associated with biopiracy may end up with weak patents, be exposed to equitable claims for profit-sharing, lose sources of supply, face the prospect of consumer and government boycotts, barriers to importation of biotechnology products, and other loss of market share, and may face financial penalties.
		Biopiracy can be considered criminal and result in jail time in some places.
		Biopiracy: The Plunder of Nature and Knowledge by activist Vandana Shiva (South End Press, 1997) maintains that the Western world is exploiting nature in Third World communities for its own profit.
	www.actionbioscience.org /biodiversity/gollin.html (2317 words)

	Biopiracy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		As debate on biopiracy has established itself, so too have pharmaceutical companies and national governments modified their behaviour in response to the debate, leading to a proliferation of related ethical issues and dilemmas.
		The classic Rosy Periwinkle case is a good example for how biopiracy cases are rarely as simple as they seem.
		The knowledge at issue in the biopiracy debates is the knowledge of these local communities, not the knowledge of their governments.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Biopiracy (2832 words)

	US-Colombia: FTA without biopiracy?
		Biopiracy could be a sticking point in the free trade negotiations that the United States is pursuing with three of the countries with greatest biodiversity in the world: Colombia, Ecuador and Peru.
		Making biopiracy a priority issue is the spokesman for the three Amazonian and Andean South American nations in talks on the proposed agreement’s chapter on intellectual property, Luis Angel Madrid, an official and expert from Colombia’s foreign trade ministry.
		’’Biopiracy’’ is the illegal appropriation of biological resources or traditional knowledge, which often has been passed down through generations during millennia in indigenous communities.
	www.bilaterals.org /article.php3?id_article=219 (2425 words)

	AlterNet: Biopirates Walk the Plank
		The rising biopiracy panic has even tainted companies like Google, which in March was put on the plank for its reported plans to help geneticist -- and accused "biopirate" -- Craig Venter put searchable genes online.
		Thomas Lovejoy, president of the Heinz Center for Science Economics and the Environment, is a known advocate of rainforest preservation -- and a formerly accused biopirate.
		He was swept up in Brazil's biopiracy panic last year, even accused by some Brazilians as being a CIA operative while working in the jungle for the Smithsonian Institution.
	www.alternet.org /story/37470 (2552 words)

	Genetic Engineering - Biopiracy
		At the heart of the GATT treaty and its patent laws is the treatment of biopiracy as a natural right of Western corporations, necessary for the "development" of Third World communities.
		Biopiracy is the Columbian "discovery" 500 years after Columbus.
		Resistance to biopiracy is a resistance to the ultimate colonization of life itself - of the future of evolution as well as the future of non-Western traditions of relating to and knowing nature.
	www.cqs.com /biopiracy.htm (711 words)

	Amazon scientists fear ‘biopiracy’ backlash - Environment - MSNBC.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Biopiracy haunts Brazilian history, beginning with Henry Wickham, an Englishman who smuggled rubber seeds out of the country in the 19th century and broke Brazil’s global rubber monopoly.
		He also says the biopiracy concept “has been hijacked” by opponents of measures to protect the rain forest against commercial overexploitation.
		A congressional committee is investigating biopiracy, and several prominent foreign scientists have been forced to prove they are not biopirates, including Thomas Lovejoy, the U.S. scientist credited with putting the plight of the rain forests on the world’s radar screen in the early 1980s.
	www.msnbc.msn.com /id/9751292 (828 words)

	CRG -- The Basmati Battle And its Implications for Biopiracy and Trips (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		We have won the Basmati biopiracy battle, though the war for defense of farmers' rights, indigenous knowledge and biodiversity still needs to be won.
		To prevent the rampant biopiracy of our plants and knowledge we need a genuine `sui generis' system, which protects the collective, cumulative innovations, embodied in traditional knowledge as a societal common property.
		Stopping biopiracy demands shaping the appropriate laws for seeds, biodiversity and patents, nationally and internationally for the defense of our biological and intellectual wealth.
	www.globalresearch.ca /articles/SHI109A.html (1516 words)

	Replace Biopiracy with Biodemocracy
		To reverse the rapidly increasing global biopiracy, says the writer, the current regime of bioimperialism should be replaced by international structures based on biodemocracy: recognition of the intrinsic value of all life forms and preservation of their genetic integrity, and recognition of the contributions and rights of source communities.
		But what also looms on the horizon, and in fact is already occurring in many parts of the developing world, is `biopiracy', where corporations use the folk wisdom of indigenous peoples to locate and understand the use of medicinal plants and then exploit them commercially.
		To reverse the rapidly increasing biopiracy that is sweeping the globe, it is imperative that the current regime of bioimperialism be replaced by international structures based on biodemocracy: recognition of the intrinsic value of all life forms and preservation of their genetic integrity.
	www.ratical.org /co-globalize/ReplaceBPwBD.html (1727 words)

	Amazonian nations announce campaign against biopiracy
		Peru's "regime for protection of indigenous peoples' knowledge related to biological diversity", which was adopted in 2002, regulates these questions in Peru, and orders remuneration in exchange for access to traditional knowledge, which goes into a fund to be distributed to the communities involved, he explained.
		Biopiracy is defined as biological theft, or the unauthorised and uncompensated collection of indigenous plants, animals, microorganisms, genes or traditional communities' knowledge on biological resources by corporations that patent them for their own use.
		Countries with great biological diversity like those of the Amazon jungle must protect that wealth and the knowledge about it held by traditional indigenous peoples, just as industrialised nations apply pressure around the world to fight the piracy of their products, like software, films and albums, Roca argued.
	www.williams.edu /go/native/amazon-biopiracy2005.htm (801 words)

	Patent Baristas: European Patent Office (EPO) Withdraws First Patent For Biopiracy
		'Biopiracy' describes a process in which living resources or traditional knowledge and practises are patented, thus applying intellectual property restrictions to their use.
		According to advocates of the biopiracy rule, a patent application should always be rejected if there is prior existing knowledge about a product.
		Biopiracy advocates are trumpeting the decision as a victory in the fight to stop big business exploiting plants and genes at the expense of poor people in the developing world.
	www.patentbaristas.com /archives/000126.php (471 words)

	Biodiversity, Biopiracy and Ecological Debt
		The provisions of the CBD on access and benefit-sharing, however, are interpreted by some as a way of institutionalizing biopiracy, again at the expense of the gene-rich South.
		Biopiracy refers to the collection, study and commercialization of biological and genetic resources without the free and prior informed consent of source communities and countries, and the application of intellectual property rights (IPR) on these resources.
		Ironically, the most notorious cases of biopiracy were documented after the CBD took effect in 1992.
	jubileesouth.org /journal/bio.htm (2082 words)

	OnTheCommons.org \| Nominations Sought for the Captain Hook Awards for Biopiracy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Coalition Against Biopiracy is soliciting nominations for its 2006 Captain Hook Awards for the worst acts of biopiracy committed in the last few years.
		Biopiracy refers to the privatize seizure of genes, seeds and traditional knowledge developed by indigenous peoples and farming communities over the course of centuries.
		The Coalition Against Biopiracy noted: “Earlier this year, the Basilica of Guadalupe drafted a much more lucrative deal that would have given Viotran, LLC a trademark on the image of the Virgin.
	onthecommons.org /node/820 (739 words)

	G. Biopiracy and appropriation of traditional knowledge (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Biopiracy in Zimbabwe, patenting by Swiss university denounced (C.Raghavan) 26 April 2001
		Biosafety, Patents and Biopiracy (Institute for Science in Society)
		The neem tree - a case history of biopiracy (V. Shiva)
	www.twnside.org.sg /access_7.htm (118 words)

	Turmeric Patent is just the First Step in Stopping Biopiracy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Two major decisions have revived the intensity of the patent debates that came to the centre stage of national politics during the finalisation of the Dunkel Draft Text of the GATT agreement and the subsequent coming into force of the WTO.
		The WTO which has been established to set up a multilateral rule based system has a role in ensuring that the inequity and injustice that biopiracy exhibits is removed from the IPR regimes of all member countries.
		The exercise of the potential loss due to biopiracy also needs to be done to avoid unnecessary and illegitimate trade action by the US due to the TRIPs dispute ruling.
	www.navdanya.org /articles/turmeric.htm (1606 words)

	Vandana Shiva - Biopiracy: need to change Western IPR systems
		The patents on the anti-diabetic properties of `karela', `jamun', brinjal once again highlight the problem of biopiracy - the patenting of indigenous biodiversity-related knowledge.
		Since patents are granted for new inventions, denial or non- recognition of `prior art' elsewhere allows patents to be granted for existing knowledge and use in other countries.
		And if biopiracy is not stopped, the every day survival of ordinary Indians will be threatened, as over time our indigenous knowledge and resources will be used to make patented commodities for global trade.
	www.sedos.org /english/shiva.htm (1578 words)

	Combating biopiracy: Use existing IP systems
		March 1, 2006 -- Concerns over biopiracy have fueled urgent calls for a new system of legal protection for indigenous biological materials and knowledge.
		Detractors of the current patent systems say that the knowledge of traditional cultures and communities does not readily fit into the industrialized world's definition of intellectual property (IT); critics argue that existing laws basically promote the interests of the industrialized world.
		According to McManis, current IP rules, including the closely related law of unfair competition and their associated contractual mechanisms, can provide far more comprehensive legal protection for the traditional knowledge of indigenous peoples than is generally acknowledged.
	news-info.wustl.edu /news/page/normal/6676.html (273 words)

	Focus on biopiracy in Africa
		Africa stands to lose huge benefits from its biodiversity for lack of legal protection against biopiracy, concluded the Second South-South Biopiracy Summit held last week in Johannesburg during the World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD).
		Biopiracy is the theft of biological matter, like plants, seeds and genes.
		In the absence of laws regulating access to these resources, pharmaceutical, agrochemical and seed multinationals exploit Africa's biological wealth and obtain rights of intellectual ownership to the resources and knowledge of communities.
	www.scienceinafrica.co.za /2002/september/biopiracy.htm (894 words)

	Biopiracy in the Amazon - new website (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Biopiracy means not only the smuggling of diverse forms of flora and fauna, but also mainly the appropriation and monopolization of traditional population's knowledge and biological resources.
		Biopiracy causes the loss of control of traditional populations over their resources.
		To create strong alliances of farmers and indigenous peoples, in the fight against misappropriation and monopolization of their resources and knowledge, as well as the fight against the colonial exploration of biological diversity of the Amazon.
	www.sacredearth.com /ethnobotany/news/biopiracyAmazon.htm (315 words)

	The US Patent System Legalizes Theft and Biopiracy--Vandana Shiva
		Biopiracy and patenting of indigenous knowledge is a double theft because
		the basis of biopiracy, they could be called an error.
		The problem of biopiracy is a result of Western style IPR systems, not the
	www.organicconsumers.org /Patent/uspatsys.cfm (1366 words)

	WTO Rules Set To Devastate Biodiversity
		The traditional knowledge of small farmers and Indigenous Peoples relating to the use and conservation of biodiversity is also being threatened by the growing practice of so-called "biopiracy", the practice of Northern biotechnology industries to patent seeds, traditional knowledge and other elements of biological and cultural diversity of the South.
		Friends of the earth international calls upon all countries to put a halt to such forms of privatization and commercialization of biological diversity.
		We call upon WTO members to protect small farmers and their agrobiodiversity against the devastating impacts of trade liberalization and prohibit the patenting of life forms and other forms of biopiracy.
	www.rense.com /general41/dev.htm (486 words)

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