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Topic: Biosphere

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	Biosphere - MSN Encarta
		The biosphere is the part of the Earth, including air, land, surface rocks, and water, within which life occurs, and which biotic processes in turn alter or transform.
		Biosphere, Earth’s zone of air, soil, and water that is capable of supporting life, traditionally thought of as a zone reaching about 10 km (about 6 mi) into the atmosphere and down to the deepest ocean floor.
		Earth’s biosphere can be divided into three main habitable zones: the atmosphere, the hydrosphere (water in the oceans, rivers, and lakes), and the lithosphere (soil and the upper level of the crust).
	encarta.msn.com /encnet/refpages/RefArticle.aspx?refid=761573005 (536 words)

	Biosphere - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		From the broadest geophysiological point of view, the biosphere is the global ecological system integrating all living beings and their relationships, including their interaction with the elements of the lithosphere (rocks), hydrosphere (water), and atmosphere (air).
		This biosphere is generally thought to have evolved, beginning through a process of biogenesis or biopoesis, at least some 3.5 billion years ago.
		For example, geochemists define the biosphere as being the total sum of living organisms (the "biomass" or "biota" as referred to by biologists and ecologists).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Biosphere (835 words)

	Biosphere (musician) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Biosphere is the main recording name of Geir Jenssen (born 1962 in Tromsø, Norway), a musician who has released a notable catalogue of ambient electronic music.
		Though Cirque briefly revisted territory covered by earlier Biosphere releases, the rhythm section throughout the album remains an element of the background, unlike Jenssen's first two Biosphere releases, wherein the drums occupied a dominating proportion of the foreground.
		The Biosphere 2 project intended to explore the possible use of an artificial biosphere (a closed ecosystem) for space colonization.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Biosphere_(band) (1441 words)

	Visiting Tucson Arizona - Discounted Golf Tee Times and Hotel Rooms
		Biosphere 2 is one of the largest living laboratories in the world and a monumental feat of engineering.
		In 1994 Biosphere 2 was converted from a laboratory to test the feasibility of humans living in a closed ecosystem to a large scale ecological laboratory and the Western branch campus of Columbia University in the City of New York.
		The Biosphere 2 Center campus is situated on 250 acres with beautiful Sonoran Desert landscapes and a park-like atmosphere that is both relaxing and scenic.
	www.dotucson.com /visit.asp?qry=1209 (253 words)

	Biosphere
		Biosphere's latest recording makes for a new twist in a career which could never be described as comfortable and formulaic: ten of the twelve tracks on this disc are based on the orchestral works of the French composer Claude Debussy.
		Biosphere's Gier Jenssen is 'the daddy' of Norwegian electronica.
		Biosphere is unusual in its instantly recognisable style, an ability to transport the listener to a totally different landscape and a deep sense of spatial awareness that puts you in no doubt why Jensen is in such demand for film soundtracks and art installation work.
	www.touchmusic.org.uk /reviews/biosphere.html (18357 words)

	The Venezuela's Eco Portal to Eco-Tourism & Ecology
		Biosphere, relatively thin life-supporting stratum of the Earth's surface, extending from a few kilometres into the atmosphere to the deep-sea vents of the oceans.
		The biosphere is a global ecosystem composed of living organisms (biota) and the abiotic (nonliving) factors from which they derive energy and nutrients.
		The biosphere itself can be studied as a worldwide ecosystem through which the interconnectedness of all life and life-supporting systems on the Earth can be understood.
	www.internet.ve /wildlife/biosphere.htm (1655 words)

	The Biosphere (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The biosphere is the life zone of the Earth and includes all living organisms, including man, and all organic matter that has not yet decomposed.
		Geosphere: The geosphere and biosphere are intimately connected through soils, which consist of a mixture of air, mineral matter, organic matter, and water.
		Anthrosphere: Human population poses a threat to the biosphere by habitat destruction, especially by the destruction of tropical rainforests (deforestation).
	www.geology.ufl.edu /Biosphere.html (431 words)

	Biosphere Background
		Students and volunteers at the Biosphere conduct most of their ecologic research outdoors, with the hope that similar experiments might be brought inside at a later date.
		Part of the Biosphere opened to the public in November, 1996 for the first time: the former living space of the original "Biospherians" has been sealed off from the rest of the domes and transformed into a visitor center full of exhibits on climatic change.
		As described by Broad, Biosphere 2 was financed by Edward P. Bass, the Texas billionaire and oil heir, as a test of John Lovelock's Gaia hypothesis, the theory that the earth and its living creatures evolved together as a self-regulating system that maintains conditions that are optimum for life.
	www.accessexcellence.org /LC/ST/st4bg.html (1891 words)

	WWG Biosphere
		Biosphere 2 is an unprecedented ecological experiment, built as a laboratory for global ecology.
		Biosphere 2 is a new type of laboratory which combines state-of-the-art architecture and mechanical and computer monitoring systems with a wide range of living ecosystems.
		The Biosphere 2 structure covers approximately 3.15 acres (1.28 hectares), the size of three football fields; its volume is seven million cubic feet (204,000 cubic meters) and stretches up to 91 feet at its highest point (23 meters high).
	www.idepfoundation.org /wwg/history_biosphere2.html (1559 words)

	Biosphere 2 The Experiment
		Inside Biosphere 2 carbon dioxide levels rose to about 3400 ppm coinciding with an unusually dark cloudy period in the last week of December when photosynthesis was greatly reduced.
		July 21, 1992—The Biosphere 2 Scientific Advisory Committee issued its "Report to the Chairman of Space Biospheres Ventures." Committee chairman, Dr. Thomas Lovejoy reported, "The committee is in agreement that the conception and construction of Biosphere 2 were acts of vision and courage.
		Biosphere 2 afforded a unique opportunity to study, for the first time, possible changes in human olfaction in a long-term closed system.
	www.biospheres.com /experimentchrono1.html (2164 words)

	The Earth's Biosphere
		The biosphere includes life on land and in the oceans - multitudes of plants, animals, fungi, protists, and bacteria.
		The biosphere has a great impact on the climate because the biosphere is closely connected to the atmosphere.
		As humans burn components of the biosphere such as fossil fuels, forests and fields, greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide are released into the atmosphere.
	www.windows.ucar.edu /tour/link=/earth/Life/biosphere.html (316 words)

	UK Biosphere Reserves Review
		As noted in the 1990 review of UK biosphere reserves, four types of internationally important ecosystems are not represented: two in Scotland (the main montane massif of the Scottish Highlands and the Caithness peatlands), and two in southern England (heathlands and chalk grasslands).
		For the existing UK biosphere reserves, the conservation imperative is already met by statutory protection of a core area under at least one, and usually many, national and international conservation designations.
		The UK biosphere reserves should be places where government agencies, local authorities, local communities, and private interests work together to foster working models which both show commitment to international agreements and provide practical examples of the synergy which is required between conservation and sustainable development.
	www.defra.gov.uk /wildlife-countryside/ukmab/BRReport/brs_in_the_uk.htm (1351 words)

	Biosphere 2 - Tour Information (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Biosphere 2 expands accessibility inside its $150 million world-renowned structure with the "World of Discovery" Under the Glass tour, the Center's most comprehensive tour to date.
		The interior portion of Biosphere was opened to the public in the spring of 2002.
		The interior portion of the tour is not wheelchair or stroller accessible due to Biosphere 2 being a research facility.
	www.bio2.com /tourinfo.htm (372 words)

	NPR : Biosphere 2
		Biosphere 2's "ocean" is actually 700,000 gallons of seawater in a tank the size of an Olympic swimming pool.
		Biosphere 2 director Berry Osmond knows he's facing a deadline, and says he must convince scientists to visit Biosphere 2 to demonstrate its potential.
		If researchers fail to convince the larger science community that Biosphere 2 is a valuable place for new and innovative research, the super-sized greenhouse may someday be known simply as an Arizona tourist attraction with a peculiar past.
	www.npr.org /programs/morning/features/2002/apr/biosphere (879 words)

	CHE300 - Environmental Science
		Biosphere 2 was privately constructed in the late 1980s to discover if eight people could sustain themselves in a sealed, energy-rich environment.
		Biosphere 2 was designed to be an artificial environment complete with a desert, a rainforest, and an ocean, a miniature, albeit not perfect, version of the earth.
		This is a paper written by the founder of Biosphere 2, John Allen, which gives a lot of background information particularly in regards to all of the formulation of the concept of the project.
	www.oswego.edu /~schneidr/CHE300/envinv/EnvInv01.html (1193 words)

	Statutory Framework of Biosphere Reserves
		Biosphere reserves are designated by the International Co-ordinating Council of the MAB Programme, at the request of the State concerned.
		Biosphere reserves, each of which remains under the sole sovereignty of the State where it is situated and thereby submitted to State legislation only, form a World Network in which participation by the States is voluntary.
		Biosphere reserves are areas of terrestrial and coastal/marine ecosystems or a combination thereof, which are internationally recognized within the framework of UNESCO's programme on Man and the Biosphere (MAB), in accordance with the present Statutory Framework.
	www.sovereignty.net /tline/statutory-framework.htm (1431 words)

	The Biosphere
		The biosphere can be divided into distinct ecosystems that represent the interactions between a group of organisms forming a trophic pyramid and the environment or habitat in which they live.
		Geosphere: The geosphere and biosphere are intimately connected through soils, which consist of a mixture of air, mineral matter, organic matter, and water.
		Anthrosphere: Human population poses a threat to the biosphere by habitat destruction, especially by the destruction of tropical rainforests (deforestation).
	ess.geology.ufl.edu /ess/Introduction/Biosphere.html (431 words)

	Astraea.net - "do the right thing the right way" body mind soul
		If the biosphere is to support a human population of over 6 billion individuals, organic systems appear to be the main system change required because yields are high enough to produce enough food, and pollution is low.
		Species extinction on the scale now observed is a symptom of the biosphere being killed by one species, homo sapiens, like a bacteria population rapidly eating all food available oblivious to the impending scarcity and the lack of another food supply (no other planet supports life).
		Persistence and mobility of pollutants in the biosphere.
	www.astraea.net /about/dtrttrw.html (9079 words)

	Arizona Daily Star
		Biosphere 2, with its miniature ocean and other biomes built in a 3-acre greenhouse, is uniquely suited to helping scientists study whether global warming is indeed happening and what can be done about it.
		Using Biosphere 2's ocean not only allows the scientists to control when and where the rain falls, but also saves a tremendous amount of money, Ho said.
		Ho conducted a similar experiment last year at Biosphere 2, but the commercial sprinkler heads used to bring the rain down some 40 feet to the ocean didn't make big enough drops.
	www.azstarnet.com /clips/031902biosphere.html (682 words)

	www_biospheres_com
		Biospheric Design projects incorporate the latest advances in energy efficient and recycling technologies to achieve a harmony between the architecture and the surrounding environment.
		For the present, the ETM project is using the “Laboratory Biosphere,” (a 12’ cylindrical chamber, 1,400 cubic ft), to test scientific and engineering systems for the ETM project.
		Biospheric Design's most famous design project is the Biosphere 2 Project, a magnificent laboratory for the study of global ecology.
	www.biospheretechnologies.com (744 words)

	BIOSPHERES
		The biosphere, or "Living Ball" is all the living and nonliving parts of the Earth that sustain life.
		Have them design their biosphere, research their abiotic and biotic parts, and decide what types and numbers of living/nonliving things they are going to seal into their jar.
		Also will be assessing the survival rate of their lunar biosphere and looking at how well they understood what a biosphere was and transferring it to another location (the moon).
	www.accessexcellence.org /AE/AEC/AEF/1995/kobayashi_biospheres.html (1676 words)

	The UNESCO Man and the Biosphere Program: What’s It All About?
		A biosphere reserve is a unique kind of protected area that differs from a national park, wilderness area, national forest, or wildlife refuge in havingthree very different, but equal, aims: conservation of genetic resources, species, and ecosystems; scientific research and monitoring; and promoting sustainable development in communities of the surrounding region.
		Biosphere reserves are meant to be places where communities can work in concert with the area’s land-managing agencies, local governments, schools, and other institutions to design responses to external political, economic, and social pressures that affect the ecological and cultural values of the area.
		A UNESCO Biosphere Conference in 1968 had brought together representatives of government and non-govermental organizations to consider what should be done about threats to the biosphere that were being increasingly perceived by U.N. Member States. After this, an International Co-ordinating Council was formed, which recommended convening panels of experts from the member states.
	www.georgewright.org /mab.html (6048 words)

	Nitrogen Cycles Project: 9. Sphere Detail
		Nevertheless, it is clear that the biosphere's N reservoir is by far the smallest of the four spheres (Properties of Nitrogen) but its cycling of N is by far the largest (i.e., the turn-over rate of N is much greater in the biosphere than in any other sphere).
		The relatively large size of biospheric N cycling is fortunate because N is the limiting nutrient for much (if not most) life on earth and cycling increases the availability of N for growth.
		The biosphere appears well designed from the viewpoint of energy efficiency in its use of N. Massive amounts of energy are required to reduce oxidized (nitrified) forms of N (e.g., NO and NO) to the ammoniacal forms of N which make up the proteins, enzymes and other essential biocompounds.
	www.sws.uiuc.edu /nitro/detail.asp?lpg=biogen&type=biosphere (4261 words)

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