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Topic: Biot number

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Nusselt number

Dimensionless number

Heat transfer

Heat conduction

Thermal conductivity

Specific heat capacity

Activation energy

Cast iron

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	Biot number - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		The Biot number (Bi) is a dimensionless number used in unsteady-state (or transient) heat transfer calculations.
		It is named after the French physicist Jean-Baptiste Biot (1774-1862), and relates the heat transfer resistance inside and at the surface of a body.
		Values of the Biot number larger than 0.1 imply that the heat conduction inside the body is slower than at its surface, and temperature gradientsare non-negligible inside it.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Biot_number (274 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Biot,
		Biot technology is in its early stages, but it may form the basis of computer games in the future.
		Biot's respiration occurs in patients with meningitis or increased...
		Biot is also quite known in the region for its glassworks...
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Biot, (1078 words)

	Solid adsorbent heat pump system - Patent 4610148
		Using conservation of energy and Fourier heat transfer laws, it has been found that the temperature profile along the bed is a function of the bed Biot number Bi, the fluid Peclet number Pe, the thermal diffusivity ratio DR between the bed and fluid and the thermal conductance ratio KA between the bed and fluid.
		This optimum value of the parameter CP has been found to be the square root of the Biot number being used.
		Where the number of tubes in the bed heat exchanger is selected at 300, the bed mass is 129 pounds adsorbent/bed, the upper operating temperature is 600.degree.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4610148.html (7865 words)

	Biot number
		The Biot number (Bi) is a dimensionless number used in unsteady-state and heat transfer calculations.
		It relates the heat transfer resistance inside and at the surface of a body.
		Values of the Biot number larger than 1 imply that the heat conduction inside the body is slower than at its surface, and temperature gradients are non-negligible inside it.
	pedia.newsfilter.co.uk /wikipedia/b/bi/biot_number.html (81 words)

	IngentaConnect An Investigation of Diffusion in Droplets and of Evaporation of V...
		A numerical investigation is performed of the dynamics of diffusion in droplets and of free-molecule evaporation into vacuum of volatile components of magnesium (Mg) and zinc (Zn) from aluminum alloys.
		It is demonstrated that the numerical values of Biot diffusion criteria (Bi) are functions of the properties of alloy components and do not depend on the initial content of volatile components.
		The final depletion of the composition of droplets of magnesium, which is estimated relative to its permissible content in the alloy according to GOST (State Standard), is about 0.07% for a D16 alloy with a wide range of variation of Mg content from 1.2 to 1.8% by mass, which may be regarded as insignificant.
	www.ingentaconnect.com /search/article?title=overloads&title_type=tka&year_from=1998&year_to=2006&database=1&pageSize=20&index=16 (306 words)

	Biot_number - The Wordbook Encyclopedia
		The Biot number (Bi) is a dimensionless number used in unsteady-state (or transient) heat transfer calculations.
		Values of the Biot number smaller than 0.1 imply that the heat conduction inside the body is much faster than the heat conduction away from its surface, and temperature gradients
		For example, a Biot number less than 0.1 typically indicates less than 5% error will be present when assuming a lumped-capacitance model of transient heat transfer.
	www.thewordbook.com /Biot_number (392 words)

	Biot number
		The Biot number (Bi) is a dimensionless number used in unsteady-state (or transient) heat transfer calculations.
		It is named after the French physicist Jean-Baptiste Biot (1774-1862), and relates the heat transfer resistance inside and at the surface of a body.
		Values of the Biot number larger than 0.1 imply that the heat conduction inside the body is slower than at its surface, and temperature gradients are non-negligible inside it.
	www.1bx.com /en/Biot_modulus.htm (296 words)

	17.3 Dimensionless Numbers and Analysis of Results
		The Mach number and the Reynolds number are two you have already seen.
		The size of the Biot number gives a key to the regimes in which different features are dominant.
		The size of the Biot number thus indicates the regimes where the different effects become important.
	web.mit.edu /16.unified/www/SPRING/propulsion/notes/node124.html (313 words)

	Chemical Reactor with Radial Dispersion
		The difference between the problems is illustrated by the overall heat transfer coefficient and its dependence on the Biot number.
		When the Biot number is small, then the overall heat transfer coefficient is almost entirely the heat transfer coefficient at thewall.
		When the Biot number is large, then the overall heat transfer coefficient has a significant component due to the packed bed.
	faculty.washington.edu /finlayso/ebook/reaction/radial/radial.htm (409 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal
		This form of heat loss principle is sometimes not very precise; an accurate formulation may require analysis of heat flow, based on the (transient) heat transfer equation in a nonhomogeneous, or else poorly conductive, medium.
		The following simplification may be applied so long as it is permitted by the Biot number, which relates surface conductance to interior thermal conductivity in a body.
		If this ratio permits, it shows that the body has relatively high internal conductivity, such that (to good approximation) the entire body is at same uniform temperature as it is cooled from the outside, by the environment.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Heat_conduction (638 words)

	Antigen-dependent and -independent Ca2+ Responses Triggered in T Cells by Dendritic Cells Compared with B Cells -- ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		For B cells, given the large dispersion of the delays, data obtained with Ag concentrations of 3 and 30 µg/ml have been pooled in order to average a sufficient number of measurements.
		Bottom, Schematic two-dimensional views of contact zones, based on the average number of elementary contacts per section and on the lengths of the elementary contacts, representative of the experimental means and variabilities.
		Variations in the number of peptide-MHC class I complexes required to activate cytotoxic T cell responses.
	www.jem.org /cgi/content/full/188/8/1473 (7154 words)

	Ba-Bm
		The number of species and populations decreases greatly as one proceeds into the bathypelagic zone where there is no light source other than bioluminescence, temperature is uniformly low, and pressures are great.
		A dimensionless number or parameter expressing a ratio of thermal internal resistance to surface film resistance.
		The most remarkable circulation feature is the cyclonicically meandering Rim Current, the interior of which is formed either by one elongated cell covering the entire basin or by two separate cyclonic cells occupying the western and eastern halves of the basin.
	stommel.tamu.edu /~baum/paleo/ocean/node3.html (8033 words)

	Biot number - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Biot number (Bi) is a dimensionless number used in unsteady-state (or transient) heat transfer calculations.
		It is named after the French physicist Jean-Baptiste Biot (1774-1862), and relates the heat transfer resistance inside and at the surface of a body.
		One of the resistances is given by the wall of the cylindrical pipe and other by the air present near the surface of the cylindrical pipe.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Biot_number (249 words)

	Dimensionless quantity - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Such a number is typically defined as a product or ratio of quantities which do have units, in such a way that all units cancel.
		When they attach that dimensionless number (the number of tick marks) to the units that the standard represents, they conceptually are referring to a dimensionful quantity.
		According to the Buckingham π-theorem of dimensional analysis, the functional dependence between a certain number (e.g., n) of variables can be reduced by the number (e.g., k) of independent dimensions occurring in those variables to give a set of p = n − k independent, dimensionless quantity.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Dimensionless_number (971 words)

	RMP Lecture Notes
		The Fourier number is the dimensionless time for a temperature change to occur.
		The Biot number represents the ratio of heat transfer resistance in the interior of the system (L/k) to the resistance between the surroundings and the system surface (1/h).
		This applies to systems where the rate of heat transfer is determined by the resistance between the system surroundings and the outer surface of the object.
	www.cbu.edu /~rprice/lectures/unsteady.html (687 words)

	U of M: Department of Mechanical Engineering:Labs and Centers:Polymer Heat Exchangers:Abstracts
		The average forced convection Nusselt number correlations developed for these non-circular tubes can not be used directly to determine heat transfer rate.
		The presentation of the results highlights the effects of the geometry and the Biot number on the tube efficiency and heat transfer enhancement.
		For polymeric materials, the Biot number in most applications will be greater than 0.3, and adding material to the base tube reduces the heat transfer rate.
	www.me.umn.edu /labs/polymer/polymerabstracts.shtml (511 words)

	ME315 Thermal Systems Lab
		To determine the heat transfer coefficient between a cylinder and an air stream normal to the cylinder.
		To verify the Nusselt-Reynolds number semi-empirical relation for a cylinder (ref. Holman, Heat Transfer, p.
		If the Biot number is small, it satisfies the lump-heat-capacity model and its temperature change with time is expected to be (show derivation in your report similar to that in Experiment 1):
	www.calstatela.edu /faculty/cwu/me315/me315ex3.htm (405 words)

	[No title]
		4 The Biot number is Bi 0.2 so that the one-term approximate solutions (or the transient temperature charts) are applicable (this assumption will be verified).
		Analysis The Biot number for this process is EMBED Equation The constants EMBED Equation corresponding to this Biot number are, from Table 4-1, EMBED Equation Then the Fourier number becomes EMBED Equation Therefore, the one-term approximate solution (or the transient temperature charts) is applicable.
		Then the time required for the temperature of the center of the egg to reach 70(C is determined to be EMBED Equation 4-40E Long cylindrical steel rods are heat-treated in an oven.
	www.ualr.edu /sbpidugu/etme3315/hw2.doc (769 words)

	2000_Sep_a4 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The Biot number, given as Bi = h · t/k, can be used to assess the validity of the isothermal assumption in the baseplate or the support cylinder of the heat sink.
		The Nusselt number is calculated as a function of the Elenbaas Rayleigh number, a dimensionless buoyancy-driven flow parameter defined as:
		The resulting composite equation for Nusselt number was based on heat sink geometry, fluid properties and four fitting parameters to smoothly integrate the limiting solutions and to plate overcome inherent "abnormalities" in the solution procedure.
	www.electronics-cooling.com /html/2000_sep_a4.html (1950 words)

	OEDILF - Word Lookup
		Jean-Baptiste Biot (Shah-bab-TIS-(duh) bee-OH) (1774—1862) was a French physicist who investigated the interactions between an electric current and a magnetic field.
		His name is also memorialized as a crater on the moon, in the mineral biotite, and in a dimensionless number, Bi (the Biot number), relating the thermal resistance within a cooling solid (due to its finite conductivity) to the heat transfer resistance in the surrounding fluid.
		In 1804 he went up to a height of about 5 km in a hot-air balloon with Joseph Gay-Lussac to study the magnetic field of the earth as a function of height.
	www.oedilf.com /db/Lim.php?Word=biotite (227 words)

	Pressure: Absolute, Gage and Vacuum
		Consider a body of primary dimension L with thermal conductivity k that is exposed to a fluid with a convective heat transfer coefficient h.
		If the Biot number (h L/k) is smaller than about 0.1, the temperature within the body varies with time but at any instant the body temperature is nearly uniform and the body is considered to have a 'lumped thermal capacitance'.
		Generally this applies to cases where the thermal conductivity of the material is large and/or the convective heat transfer coefficient between the body and the fluid is small, but as indicated by the Biot number, the size of the body (L) is equally important.
	www.me.utexas.edu /~tfsexpts/heat/translumped.htm (686 words)

	Chromulator-IEX
		Axial dispersion is described by the dimensionless Peclet number (Pe).
		Mass transfer from the bulk mobile phase to the particle surfaces is described by the Biot number (Bi).
		This results in a set of Ns(2Ne+1)(2Nc+1) ordinary differential equations, where Ns is the number of species, Ne is the number of finite elements, and Nc is the number of interior collocation points.
	oak.cats.ohiou.edu /~am100296/Chromulator-IEX.html (572 words)

	EN43ME Lecture Notes
		The number Bi is a dimensionless parameter called the Biot number.
		For a lumped body, the temperature of the solid which is introduced into the fluid at time t = 0 is given by:
		Three parameters are needed to use the charts: Normalized centerline temperature, the Fourier Number, and the Biot Number.
	www.tufts.edu /as/tampl/en43/lecture_notes/ch4.html (1084 words)

	APS - 2005 58th Annual Meeting of the Division of Fluid Dynamics - Event - Longwave Marangoni instability in a ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Abstract: KF.00003 : Longwave Marangoni instability in a binary-liquid layer with deformable interface in the presence of Soret effect.
		We investigate the long-wave Marangoni instability in a binary-liquid layer with a deformable interface in the limit of a finite Biot number $B$ and a specified heat flux at the solid substrate and in the presence of the Soret effect.
		In the fundamental case (a) of both finite Galileo and Lewis numbers, $G$ and $L$, respectively, and a large inverse capillary number $S$, both monotonic and oscillatory instabilities are present.
	meetings.aps.org /Meeting/DFD05/Event/37474 (164 words)

	Energy Citations Database (ECD) - - Document #137117
		Effects of the Biot number, fin thickness, and size ratio (ratio of radial distances of the tip and root) are investigated.
		Further, the distortion of the two-dimension temperature profile for intermediate values of the Biot number exhibit regions where waste of material in this shape of fin occurs.
		Finally, information is presented that relates the fin size (radially) and the Biot number magnitude for which the fin is beneficial.
	www.osti.gov /energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=137117&query_id=0 (240 words)

	Unit Operations in Food Processing - R. L. Earle
		This dimensionless ratio is called the Biot number (Bi) and it is important when considering unsteady state heat flow.
		When (Bi) is small, and for practical purposes this may be taken as any value less than about 0.2, the interior of the solid and its surface may be considered to be all at one uniform temperature.
		The various curves are for different values of the reciprocal of the Biot number, k/hr for spheres and cylinders, k/hl for slabs.
	www.nzifst.org.nz /unitoperations/httrtheory4.htm (1273 words)

	Biot, Jean-Baptiste - Encyclopedia of Earth
		Jean-Baptiste Biot (1774-1862) was a French mathematician and physicist who is regarded among the founders of the theory of electromagnetism.
		The Biot number is considered when both internal conduction and external convection are involved, and is particularly used for transient heat transfer analysis of a solid object.
		The general equation for the Biot number is given as follows.
	www.eoearth.org /article/Biot,_Jean-Baptiste (401 words)

	ME 314 Lab 5
		To verify whether this assumption is true or not depends on calculating the Biot number which we will define later.
		The Biot number, Bi, can be defined as the ratio of temperature differences across the solid itself, and between the solid and fluid.
		In order to use the Lumped Capacitance Method, the Biot number must be calculated and confirmed to be less than 0.1.
	www.engr.iupui.edu /~mrnalim/me314lab/lab05.htm (1265 words)

	Thermoforming Technical Article - Model Heating Part 2
		Correctly, the arithmetic is referred to as the "lumped parameter method" or LPM, and is found in detail elsewhere [J.L. Throne, Technology of Thermoforming, Hanser, 1966, p.
		The Biot Number represents the relative importance of energy input to the surface [convection and radiation] to energy transfer into the bulk of the plastic [conduction].
		Obviously the thinner the sheet, the smaller the Biot Number.
	www.foamandform.com /minutes/modelheating2.php (1204 words)

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