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Topic: Biotin

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	Biotin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Biotin is important in the catalysis of essential metabolic reactions to synthesize fatty acids, in gluconeogenesis, and to metabolize leucine.
		Biotin deficiency is a rare metabolic genetic disorder caused by a deficiency of biotin.
		Biotin deficiency rarely occurs in healthy individuals, since the daily requirements of biotin are low, many foods contain adequate amounts, intestinal bacteria synthesize small amounts, and the body effectively scavenges and recycles biotin from bodily waste.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Biotin (780 words)

	Biotin: Encyclopedia of Alternative Medicine
		Biotin is utilized by every cell in the body and contributes to the health of skin, hair, nerves, bone marrow, sex glands, and sebaceous glands.
		Adequate biotin is required for healthy nails and hair, and biotin deficiency is known to be a factor in balding and the premature graying of hair.
		Biotin is also used to treat peripheral neuropathy, a complication of diabetes, and patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy, who suffer from metabolic deficiencies.
	health.enotes.com /alternative-medicine-encyclopedia/biotin (933 words)

	Biotin
		Biotin does not bind to the mutant enzymes as strongly as it does to non-mutant enzymes and therefore, greater amounts of biotin are required for their activation.
		Biotin is excreted in the urine as biotin, bisnorbiotin, biotin sulfoxide, biotin sulfone, bisnorbiotin methyl ketone and tetranobiotin-1-sulfoxide.
		Biotin regulation of pancreatic glucokinase and insulin in primary cultured rat islets and in biotin-deficient rats.
	www.pdrhealth.com /drug_info/nmdrugprofiles/nutsupdrugs/bio_0035.shtml (3409 words)

	Biotin
		Biotin, one of the water soluble B-vitamins, occurs in 8 different forms but only one of these, D-biotin, is found in nature and has full vitamin activity.
		Biotin, like many other vitamins in the B-complex, is required for cellular metabolism of carbohydrate, fat and protein.
		Biotin is quite stable to heat and most of the cooking losses are due to biotin leaching into the cooking water.
	www.chm.bris.ac.uk /webprojects2002/schnepp/biotin.html (142 words)

	Biotin - Supplements
		Biotin is a B-vitamin which assists in metabolism of fats, carbohydrates and protein.
		Biotin functions as a critical component of several enzymes (where it functions as a coenzyme) involved in energy metabolism (such as pyruvate carboxylase).
		Biotin is typically included in most multi-vitamin supplements (usually in the 30-300 mcg range), and higher intakes needed to promote nail strength (1-3 mg) are relatively inexpensive.
	www.supplementwatch.com /supatoz/supplement.asp?supplementId=47 (457 words)

	Linus Pauling Institute at Oregon State University
		Although the level of biotin depletion was not severe enough to cause symptoms, it was reason for concern because subclinical biotin deficiency has been shown to cause birth defects in several animal species (11).
		Biotin has been found to stimulate glucokinase, an enzyme in the liver, resulting in increased synthesis of glycogen, the storage form of glucose.
		However, a specialized process for the uptake of biotin has been identified in cultured cells derived from the lining of the colon, suggesting that humans may be able to absorb biotin produced by the bacteria normally present in the large intestine (21).
	lpi.oregonstate.edu /infocenter/vitamins/biotin (2099 words)

	\| Biotin Side Effects and Deficiencies, Treatment Seborrheic Dermatitis, Vitamin H \| Wellfx.com Infobase \|
		Biotin is a water-soluble vitamin whose primary function is as a coenzyme in carbohydrate, amino acid, and lipid metabolism.
		Biotin is essential for cell growth and replication through its role in the manufacturing of DNA and RNA.
		Biotin is usually measured in micrograms (mcg.) In doses of milligrams (mg.) lab experiments have demonstrated that biotin aids in managing blood sugar.
	www.wellfx.com /InfoBase/vitamin_biotin.html (591 words)

	BIOTIN
		Biotin is a B vitamin that is related to B-12 and folic acid.
		Biotin is produced by the bacteria in the intestinal tract and is synthesized by bacteria that live in the intestines.
		Biotin is essential for the introduction of carbon dioxide in the formation of purines.
	members.aol.com /chembalance3/biotin.htm (327 words)

	Encyclopedia :: encyclopedia : Biotin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		S (Biotin; Coenzyme R, Biopeiderm), is a water-soluble B-complex vitamin which is composed of an ureido ring fused with a tetrahydrothiophene ring.
		Biotin deficiency is a rare nutritional disorder caused by a deficiency of biotin.
		The attachment of biotin to various proteins, called biotinylation, is an important process in DNA transcription and replication.
	www.hallencyclopedia.com /Biotin (615 words)

	Biotin
		Biotin functions as an essential cofactor for four carboxylases that catalyze the incorporation of cellular bicarbonate into the carbon backbone of organic compounds.
		In larger doses, biotin is also used to treat inborn errors of metabolism such as biotinidase deficiency, holocarboxylase synthetase deficiency, and the isolated deficiencies of PC, PCC and MCC.
		Biotin deficiency is rare in the absence of total intravenous feedings without added biotin or chronic ingestion of raw egg white.
	www.eagle-min.com /faq/faq86.htm (520 words)

	Biotin
		Biotin is a water-soluble vitamin that acts as an essential cofactor for four carboxylases, each of which catalyzes an essential step in intermediary metabolism.
		Biotin concentration in serum was significantly reduced in biotin-deficient and in pair-fed rats.
		Biotin deficiency caused significant reduction in liver phospholipid 20:3 omega 6.
	www.ithyroid.com /biotin.htm (3460 words)

	Biotinylation of Antibodies
		Biotin is used in two-step detection systems in concert with conjugated avidin.
		The extent of biotin conjugation to the antibody may depend on the concentration of antibody in solution; for consistent conjugations, use a consistent concentration.
		Biotin is covalently coupled to primary amines (lysines) of the immunoglobulin.
	www.drmr.com /abcon/Biotin.html (514 words)

	biotin
		Biotin is essential for the metabolism of proteins, carbohydrates, amino acids and fats.
		Biotin a water soluble B vitamin with excess being excreted in the urine.
		Biotin may be found in beef liver, egg yolk, whole grain cereal, and soybeans, milk and nuts.
	www.rxinsider.com /training/vitamins/biotin.htm (67 words)

	MedlinePlus Drug Information: Biotin (Systemic) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Biotin (BYE-oh-tin) supplements are used to prevent or treat biotin deficiency.
		Biotin is necessary for formation of fatty acids and glucose, which are used as fuels by the body.
		Increased need for biotin should be determined by your health care professional.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/druginfo/uspdi/202091.html (980 words)

	MedlinePlus Herbs and Supplements: Biotin (vitamin H)
		Biotin is required by the body in order for four specific enzymes to function in metabolism: propionyl coenzyme A carboxylase (PCC), pyruvate carboxylase (PC), beta-methylcrotonyl coenzyme A carboxylase (β-MCC), and acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase (ACC).
		This is because daily biotin requirements are relatively small, biotin is found in many foods, and the body is able to recycle much of the biotin it has already used.
		In addition, biotin is made by bacteria in the gut, which may contribute to the human biotin requirement.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/druginfo/natural/patient-biotin.html (2737 words)

	Biotin
		It was observed that biotin, aminoacids and particularly pH are not important factors in the dimorphism of C. albicans.
		The biotin level of STZ-rats was significantly lower in the liver and pancreas than that of the control rats (no STZ administration); but in STZ-biotin rats, the level in these organs recovered to the control level.
		Biotin deficiency leads to impaired glucose tolerance, but it is unlikely that glucose tolerance could be used to assess optimum biotin status, since other more common factors affect glucose tolerance to a greater extent.
	www.cfsn.com /biotin1.html (1902 words)

	Biotin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Biotin Amidite is a phosphoramidite for the preparation of 5' biotin-labeled oligonucleotides.
		Biotin is a small molecule with phenomenally strong and specific binding affinity for the protein avidin.
		The chemical structure of Biotin Amidite is identical to that published by Dr. Richard T. Pon, of the University of Calgary Canada.
	www.daf.jhmi.edu /synthesis/links/biotin.html (115 words)

	Biotin
		Biotin is known to influence hepatic glucokinase (GK) expression both at a transcriptional and at a translational level.
		Biochemical consequences of biotin deficiency in osteogenic disorder shionogi rats.
		The biological consequences of biotin deficiency in rats were investigated using osteogenic disorder Shionogi rats which have a hereditary defect in ascorbic acid synthesizing ability.
	www.cfsn.com /biotin2.html (2068 words)

	Vitamin H ( Biotin )
		Biotin in the amount of 2.5 mg per day strengthened the fingernails of two-thirds of the individuals with brittle nails, according to one clinical trial.
		Biotin works with some other B vitamins, such as folic acid, pantothenic acid (also known as vitamin B5) and vitamin B12; however, no solid evidence indicates that people supplementing with biotin need to also take these other vitamins.
		Researchers have speculated that biotin and alpha lipoic acid may compete with each other for absorption or uptake into cells; but little is known about the importance of these interactions in humans.
	www.herbs2000.com /vitamins/v_h.htm (796 words)

	WHFoods: biotin
		One of the least well-known of the B-complex vitamins, biotin was originally referred to as "vitamin H." Biotin was discovered in late 1930s and early 1940s research when chicks fed diets high in raw egg white consistently developed skin rashes and lost the hair around their eyes.
		Biotin is involved in the metabolism of both sugar and fat.
		In raw eggs, biotin is typically bound to a sugar-protein molecule (the glycoprotein called avidin), and cannot be absorbed into the body unless the egg is cooked, allowing the biotin to separate from the avidin protein.
	www.whfoods.com /genpage.php?tname=nutrient&dbid=42 (1218 words)

	Biotin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Biotin is a water-soluble B vitamin that acts as a coenzyme during the metabolism of protein, carbohydrates, fat, and in hormone and cholesterol synthesis.
		Biotin deficiency is extremely rare, and is usually caused by rare congenital diseases that prevent metabolism of the vitamin.
		Biotin may be taken or used to treat brittle nails, diabetes or cradle cap.
	www.eskimo.com /~tla/Biotin.htm (205 words)

	Biotin
		Biotin, a water-soluble B vitamin, acts as a coenzyme in the metabolism of protein,
		Bacteria in the intestine also produce significant amounts of biotin, but evidence is conflicting as to whether biotin produced by intestinal bacteria is present at a location or is in a form that permits significant absorption by the body.
		Larger amounts of biotin (8–16 mg per day) may be supportive for people with diabetes by lowering blood glucose levels and by preventing diabetic neuropathy.
	www.pccnaturalmarkets.com /health/Supp/Biotin.htm (725 words)

	Biotin : Jarrow Formulas Biotin
		Biotin is a water-soluble B vitamin typically found in liver, egg yolk, cereals, legumes and nuts.
		In the body, biotin is found in low concentrations in the brain, liver and muscle tissue.
		Biotin is utilized to synthesize intracellular carboxylase enzymes and is essential for normal skin and hair growth.
	www.homeherb.com /productdetail.asp?pid=21383 (125 words)

	Biotin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Biotin aids in cell growth, in fatty acid production, in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, and in the utilization of the B-complex vitamins.
		Biotin may prevent hair loss in some men.
		Sources: Biotin is found in cooked egg yolk, salt water fish, meat, milk, poultry, soybeans, whole grains, and yeast.
	www.speednetllc.com /djw/health/biotin.htm (184 words)

	Biotin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Biotin is manufactured by the bacteria in our intestines, therefore long-term use of antibiotics could result in deficiency.
		Biotin deficiency in vitro is associated with the conversion of Candida albicans to the more pathogenic fungal form.
		Biotin supplements of up to 1,000 mcg may be used by nutritional therapists as an aid against candidiasis.
	www.health-diets.net /healthsearch/biotin.htm (215 words)

	Suppress systemic candida albicans with Biotin
		Biotin is necessary for the metabolism and release of energy from carbohydrates, proteins and fats and is essential for the proper utilization of the other B-complex vitamins.
		Biotin contributes to healthy skin and hair, and may play a role in preventing hair loss.
		Biotin is essential for gluconegenesis and fatty acid synthesis.
	www.flora-balance.com /Biotin.htm (346 words)

	HSR - Health Supplement Retailer - Annual Guide to Vitamins: 11/2002
		Dietary biotin, which is protein-bound, must be acted upon by intestinal enzymes in order to liberate free biotin for absorption.
		Some biotin is also absorbed from the distal small intestine where it is biosynthesized by the normal flora in the intestine.
		Biotin deficiency in humans is very rare, probably due to the fact that biotin is synthesized by beneficial bacteria in the human gastrointestinal (GI) tract.
	www.hsrmagazine.com /articles/2b1feat2.html (4576 words)

	Herbal Descriptions - Biotin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		A deficiency of biotin may lead to extreme exhaustion, drowsiness, muscle pain, loss of appetite, depression, and/or grayish skin color.
		Biotin and pantothenic acid are water-soluble vitamins, which means that they cannot be stored by the body and must be replenished every day.
		The primary role of Biotin is in the metabolism of fats, proteins and carbohydrates.
	www.viable-herbal.com /herbdesc/1biotin.htm (593 words)

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