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Topic: Biotite

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	Biotite - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Biotite is a common phyllosilicate mineral that contains potassium, magnesium, iron and aluminium.
		Biotite is occasionally found in large sheets, especially in pegmatite veins, and also occurs as a contact metamorphic rock or the product of the alteration of hornblende, augite, wernerite, and similar minerals.
		In the United States, it is found in the pegmatites of New England, Virginia and North Carolina, as well as in the granite of Pikes Peak, Colorado.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Biotite (222 words)

	biotite.htm
		ASHLAND COUNTY: Biotite is a widespread component of the fine-grained schists, phyllites and slates of the Tyler Formation throughout the region.
		IRON COUNTY: Biotite is a common component of the fine-grained schists, phyllites and slates of the Tyler Formation (Van Hise and Irving, 1892).
		ONEIDA COUNTY: Biotite is found with chloritoid, actinolite and stilpnomelane in the volcanic rocks in the wall rock altering zone of the Pelican River massive sulfide deposit in Sec.
	www.uwrf.edu /~wc01/biotite.htm (1135 words)

	Biotite
		Biotite is widespread and common in a wide variety of igneous and metamorphic rocks and, to a much lesser extent, in some immature sedimentary rocks.
		In general, keys to identifying biotite are its color and pleochrism, cleavage, optical texture and characteristic extinction, and habit.
		The biotite grain in the lower left shows one good cleavage, but the large grain in the center does not because the view is more or less perpendicular to the cleavage.
	www.und.nodak.edu /instruct/mineral/320petrology/opticalmin/biotite.htm (783 words)

	BIOTITE Chapter 18. Phyllosilicates - layer silicates (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Biotite, a potassium magnesium iron aluminum silicate hydroxide mineral of the mica group, was described from Sterling Hill by Frondel and Einaudi (1968).
		Hendricksite and biotite, associated with many of the same minerals, cannot be visually distinguished as to species.
		This barian biotite is associated with calcite and diopside; additional data and discussion were given by Tracy (1991).
	simplethinking.com /dunn/ch18/biotite.stm (185 words)

	Seobong BioBestech Co., Ltd. - Biotite V - EC Plaza
		Acquired patent as animal feed additive as a antibiotics substitute for biotite v in korea, and the technology is pct pending to 24 countries internationally.
		This research, evaluation of biotite v as an antibiotics substitute, was announced at the world famous international society of animal science, adsa-asas joint meetings; held in july 21-25,2002, quebec city, canada, and june 22-26,2003, phoenix, arizona, USA, respectively.
		In domestic korean market, the effects of biotite v have been proved in more than 15,000 farms and the products are also being supplied to the feed plants of nacf(the biggest feed plants in korea), national agricultural cooperative federation.
	seobongur.en.ecplaza.net (439 words)

	Encyclopedia: Biotite
		Biotite slice (potassium, iron, magnesium, aluminum, and silicate hydroxide) [1] File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version.
		Randomly oriented biotite porphyroblasts, exhibiting a range of pleochroic colours, in a pelite collected from the Meguma Group, Nova Scotia.
		The biotite porphyroblasts display a range of interference colours, and "bird's eye" extinction where the cleavge traces are parallel or nearly parallel to the polars (NS and EW).
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Biotite (932 words)

	BIOTITE - Online Information article about BIOTITE
		The angle between the optic axes is usually very small, the crystals being often practically uniaxial; an axial angle of 500 has, however, been recorded in a dark-coloured biotite.
		In volcanic rocks, and in nearly allother kinds of igneous rocks with the exception of granite, biotite occurs to the exclusion of the muscovite.
		Although biotite (fl mica) is much more common and widely distributed than white mica, yet it is of far less economic importance.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /BER_BLA/BIOTITE.html (752 words)

	BIOTITE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Biotite is a common silicate mineral that contains potassium, magnesium, iron and aluminium.
		In the United States it is found in the pegmatites of New England and of Virginia and North Carolina, and the granite of Pikes Peak, Colorado.
		It is licensed under the GNU free documentation license.
	www.yotor.org /wiki/en/bi/Biotite.htm (170 words)

	Biotite (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Biotite is a mineral belonging to the mica family.
		As the color of biotite is so strong (it appears brown or fl in thick section), it modifies the normal interference colors by adding a strong yellow hue to the figures.
		Phlogopite which is also a member of the biotite group is shown below in figures 5 and 6.
	users.skynet.be /jm-derochette/Conoscopy/biotite.htm (196 words)

	BIOTITE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Usually fl or brown and translucent or opaque; biotite has a perfect cleavage and almost always occurs as flat shiny flakes; biotite is soft (2.5-3) and readily detaches along cleavage; biotite does not react with hydrochloric acid.
		Biotite is a common component of granitic igneous rocks, schistose and gneissose metamorphic rocks.
		Biotite mica is not commercially very important as a pure mineral, and is not extracted from sedimentary rocks.
	www.brookes.ac.uk /geology/sedmins/biotite.html (430 words)

	Biotite (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In metamorphic rocks, biotite is very common in a wide variety of hornfels, phyllites, schists, and gneisses and may persist from greenshist facies through strongly migmatitic rocks.
		Mg-rich biotite is also found in marble and related metamorphosed carbonate-rich rocks.
		Biotite also is a relatively common detrital mineral, particularly in immature sediments, but yields to clay minerals with extended weathering and transport.
	geology.csupomona.edu /alert/mineral/biotite.htm (261 words)

	Opposition to Creationism 5 of 9
		The purpose of their studies was to determine whether structural defects would occur in biotite under these conditions and whether Po halos would, therefore, be erased by the heat treatment.
		The tiny wedges in the damaged biotite samples allowed oxygen to enter the biotite chips (leaves) and to convert iron in the biotite lattice to magnetite (an iron oxide) or limonite (a hydrated iron oxide).
		At the temperatures of 250 to 700 degrees Centigrade, interstitial water in the biotite lattice would have become steam that clouded the crystals on condensation or caused the crystals to flake because of expansion.
	www.csun.edu /~vcgeo005/review.htm (880 words)

	BIOTITE (Potassium Iron Magnesium Aluminum Silicate Hydroxide Fluoride)
		Biotite is a common rock forming mineral, being present in at least some percentage in most igneous and both regional and contact metamorphic rocks.
		The typical fl to brown color of biotite is characteristic although it is difficult to distinguish brown biotite from dark brown phlogopite.
		Biotite tends to form in a wider range of conditions than phlogopite which is limited mostly to ultramafic rocks and magnesium rich marbles and pegmatites.
	mineral.galleries.com /minerals/silicate/biotite/biotite.htm (385 words)

	Kaolinite and Gibbsite Weathering of Biotite within Saprolites and Soils of Central Virginia -- Jolicoeur et al. 64 ...
		is absent from the biotite mica pseudomorphs (Fig.
		of biotite and the mineralogy and chemistry of soil microsystems
		Ojanuga A.G. Weathering of biotite in soils of a humid tropical climate.
	soil.scijournals.org /cgi/content/full/64/3/1118 (4900 words)

	“GROUND TRUTHING” BIOTITE IN PERALUMINOUS AND METALUMINOUS METAMORPHIC ROCKS
		To extend these themes, we have used large natural biotite data sets to investigate the extent to which Ti substitutes into biotite from peraluminous and metaluminous metamorphic rocks, Ti subsitution mechanisms and petrologic implications of Ti in biotite.
		The temperatures of the Ti-saturation surface were empirically calibrated using an extensive natural biotite data set (529 samples) from western Maine and south-central Massachusetts in combination with a quantitative petrogenetic grid for metapelites.
		Analysis of isothermal biotite data from low-Al amphibolite to granulite facies samples indicate that in such low-Al compositions biotite incorporates Ti in accordance with combinations of Ti-deprotonation and a reverse Al-Tshermak’s substitution.
	gsa.confex.com /gsa/2004AM/finalprogram/abstract_77665.htm (471 words)

	USGS - Weathering of biotite in a tropical forest soil, Luquillo mountains, Puerto Rico
		Biotite is therefore the only primary mineral releasing potassium and magnesium to the soil.
		The rates of release of Mg, K, and Si from biotite weathering were calculated from these concentrations with a mass balance equation which included density, volume, and surface area of the mica grains, pore water chemistry and flux, and soil porosity.
		Biot ite dissolution is slowed in the studied system due to pore waters saturated or near-saturated with respect to kaolinite, low Mg concentration in the biotite octahedral sheet, and a thick rim of kaolinite surrounding the core of biotite.
	pr.water.usgs.gov /public/webb/bibliography/abstract201.html (558 words)

	Mineralogical Record: chemical composition of biotite from granitic pegmatites and from metamorphic emerald deposits in ...
		Biotite in biotitites reaches a grain-size of up to 2 cm, whereas biotite crystals found in the border zone of pegmatites are up to 1.5 m in length.
		This suggests biotite and emerald formation occurred during a regional metamorphic event with the metasomatic formation of a flwall-zoning.
		However, biotite in the border zone of the many emerald-barren pegmatites formed from the pegmatitic melts in a single stage at the very beginning of the pegmatite crystallization with limited, if any, contribution from the country rocks.
	newssearch.looksmart.com /p/articles/mi_qa3672/is_200003/ai_n8879406 (508 words)

	Biotite Mica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In the granite image at which you were looking, biotite is the primary dark mineral present.
		Biotite in granites is typically fl or brown, and has a flaky texture that is distinctive.
		A number of other minerals occur in granites, but in most cases they are too small to be recognizable on an image like the one you were shown.
	uts.cc.utexas.edu /~rmr/biotite.html (78 words)

	Biotite Mica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Biotite and muscovite are aluminum-containing silicates which cleave in thin sheets and are called micas.
		The presence of iron and magnesium in biotite makes it darker in color than muscovite.
		With a higher crystallization temperature, biotite is viewed as occurring earlier in the Bowen reaction series.
	hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu /hbase/geophys/biotite.html (46 words)

	Biotite (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In volcanic rocks, biotite occurs as euhedral to subhedral phenocrysts.
		Biotite displays pleochroism in all crystallographic orientations except when viewed nearly perpendicular to the c axis.
		In real rocks, biotite and other micas display a texture known as bird's eye maple extinction, which is quite distinctive.
	www.eos.ubc.ca /courses/eosc221/igneous/extru/biotite.html (82 words)

	Helium Diffusion Rates Support Accelerated Nuclear Decay - The Age of the Earth
		Because the biotite diffusion coefficients are not too different from the zircon coefficients, we should have a model accounting for two materials.
		Biotite in the Jemez Granodiorite is in the form of flakes averaging about 0.2 mm in thickness and about 2 millimeters in diameter.
		At lower temperatures, for helium retentions greater than 0.001, C in the biotite would be lower than C in the zircon.
	www.globalflood.org /papers/2003ICChelium.html (5242 words)

	Biotite (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Biotite is a very unique mineral that can be easily broken apart into very thin sheets.
		Biotite is usually fl or brown and is used in a variety of ways.
		Since biotite is fireproof, it is also used in fire extinguishers.
	www.ivyhall.district96.k12.il.us /4th/kkhp/RocksandMinerals/Biotite.html (79 words)

	Search Results for biotite - Encyclopædia Britannica
		Dacite is primarily associated with andesite and trachyte and forms lava flows, dikes, and sometimes massive intrusions in...
		In the early stages of the study of a rock, the constituent minerals of the rock must be identified.
		Rocks of the albite-epidote-hornfels facies are characteristically found as the outer zones of contact aureoles where the thermal episode fades out and the rocks pass into their regional grade of...
	www.britannica.com /search?query=biotite&submit=Find&source=MWTEXT (377 words)

	USGS - Chemical weathering in a tropical watershed, Luquillo Mountains, Puerto Rico: II. Rate and mechanism of biotite ...
		Biotite is the only primary silicate releasing significant K and Mg to porewaters.
		Although biotite in samples of the quartz diorite bedrock is extensively chloritized, chlorite is almost entirely absent in the saprolite phyllosilicates.
		The rate of Mg release from biotite, normalized to Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area, is calculated using a mass balance equation which includes the density and volume of phyllosilicate grains, porewater chemistry and flux, and soil porosity.
	pr.water.usgs.gov /public/webb/bibliography/abstract024.html (470 words)

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