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Topic: Bioturbation

	Bioturbation is a key process in soft-sediment ecosystems - NIWA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Bioturbators range from crustaceans, such as burrowing crabs and shrimps, to small polychaete worms and microscopic meiofaunal organisms.
		Sediment bioturbation is evident as conspicuous burrow holes, sediment mounds, and depressions at the surface which result in a crater-like landscape.
		Bioturbation may have positive or adverse effects on other animals whose susceptibility to sediment disturbance depends on feeding mode, size, and mobility.
	www.niwa.cri.nz /pubs/bu/05/ecosystems (542 words)

	THE CAMBRIAN-ORDOVICIAN ADVENT OF INTERTIDAL BIOTURBATION: TIDAL FLATS BEFORE AND AFTER (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Bioturbators in the intertidal zone appear to have overcome problems associated with subaerial exposure in two stages.
		Bioturbation led to disruption of depositional textures, sediment mixing, enhanced sediment irrigation and oxygenation, and the ingestion and excretion of sedimentary particles.
		The advent of bioturbation profoundly changed the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of sediments in the intertidal zone.
	gsa.confex.com /gsa/2002AM/finalprogram/abstract_38939.htm (436 words)

	Effect of oligochaete bioturbation on sediment accumulation of 2,2',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl - Våtmarkscentrum, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The influence of clay content, organic carbon, and bioturbation on sediment accumulation of 2,2',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (TCB) was investigated in microcosms.
		The sediments, with or without oligochaete bioturbation, mere exposed for 100 days to water with a constant concentration of C-14-labeled TCB, in a continuous-flow system.
		The hypothesis for the experiment was that bioturbation would enhance the accumulation rate of TCB by redistributing the sediment particles and/or by changing the physical properties, e.g., porosity of the sediment, in a way that would increase the diffusion rate.
	www.hh.se /wetland/oligochaete.htm (185 words)

	Dictionary of Meaning www.mauspfeil.net
		In oceanography and limnology, the displacement and mixing of sediment particles by benthos benthic fauna (animals) or flora (plants) is termed '''bioturbation'''.
		Bioturbation is a diagenesis diagenetic process and acts to alter the physical structure and chemical nature of the sediment.
		Commonly, these model (abstract) models take the form of ordinary differential equations or partial differential equations in which bioturbation appears as a diffusion diffusive term (mathematics) term.
	www.mauspfeil.net /Bioturbation.html (209 words)

	Migration and bioturbation of benthic deep-sea foraminifera.
		The bioturbation rate was elevated close to the sediment-water interface (0-0,5 cm) as compared to deeper sediment horizons (0,5-1,5 cm).
		The rate of bioturbation thus seems to be directly related to the response of benthic foraminifera to the prevailing trophic conditions in the deep-sea.
		Thus the rate of bioturbation seems to be directly related to trophic conditions.
	www.imbc.gr /biblio_serv/deepsea/X8-0001.html (784 words)

	Effects of bioturbation by tube-dwelling chironomid larvae on oxygen uptake and denitrification in eutrophic lake ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Effects of bioturbation by tube-dwelling chironomid larvae on oxygen uptake and denitrification in eutrophic lake sediments - Våtmarkscentrum, Högskolan i Halmstad
		Oxygen uptake and denitrification were determined in two bioturbated sediments from a eutrophic lake in southern Sweden.
		This study indicates that bioturbation by macrofauna elements can have a great impact on denitrification in lake sediments, and that different organisms can influence nitrogen turnover in specific ways.
	www.hh.se /wetland/bioturbation.htm (342 words)

	Abstract,Marine Science, Otago University , New Zealand
		The impact of bioturbation by the burrowing ghost shrimp Callianassa filholi on benthic community composition was examined in relation to seasonal and small-scale spatial changes.
		Bioturbation had the highest maximum correlation to changes in macrofaunal community composition in winter, spring and, in association with seagrass biomass (Zostera novazelandica), in autumn.
		The results imply that bioturbation impacted on macrofauna community composition over a small spatial scale and, although its impact varied seasonally, imposed patterns persisted throughout the year.
	www.otago.ac.nz /marinescience/staff/pkp/PKPabsA.htm (225 words)

	LUGWORM BIOTURBATION AFFECTS CADMIUM WATER/SEDIMENT TRANSFER AND DISTRIBUTION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Effects of bioturbation by the lugworm Arenicola marina on transfer of Cd from water to sediment or from sediment to water, and on the spatial distribution of Cd in sediment were studied using laboratory sediment cores and 109-Cd.
		It is notable that bioturbation increased the fraction of sediment-bound Cd even when Cd was initially not present in the water phase.
		Bioturbating macroinfauna strongly influences the kinetics of both water-borne and sediment-bound pollutants in near-coastal biotopes, where sediments are important sink for particle-reactive compounds.
	www.aslo.org /santafe99/abstracts/SS30FR1145S.html (240 words)

	Memphis Archaeological and Geological SocietyBioturbation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Their work is an example of bioturbation, a significant geologic process on land and the seafloor.
		Bioturbation refers to the physical and biological activities that occur at or near the sediment surface which cause the sediment to become mixed.
		Bioturbation is a recent development in Earth history.
	www.memphisgeology.org /g_bioturbation.html (305 words)

	Definition: Bioturbation / Trace Fossils / Ichnotaxa
		Archean and most Proterozoic sedimentary rocks are notable for their distinct lack of any bioturbated textures.
		Trace fossils and bioturbation first appear in sedimentary rocks after the end of the last major Proterozoic glaciation, the Varanger-Marinoan ice age, approximately 600 to 590 Ma.
		Trace fossils, or ichnofossils, are the evidence of bioturbation preserved in sediments, produced in soft sediments and hard substrates as a result of the living activities of organisms.
	www.peripatus.gen.nz /paleontology/defTraFos.html (820 words)

	e-Prints Soton - In situ quantification of bioturbation using time-lapse fluorescent sediment profile imaging (f-SPI), ...
		In order to link actual biological data on bioturbation to the abstract parameters in bioturbation models, high-resolution data on the frequency and lengths of particle displacements are required.
		The temporal variation in bioturbation for a subtidal macrofaunal assemblage was studied non-invasively and in situ using an optically modified fluorescence sensitive time-lapse sediment profile imaging camera (f-SPI), fluorescent-dyed sediment particles (luminophores) and mathematical modelling.
		Time-lapse movie sequences revealed that most of the bioturbation observed during the deployment could be directly attributed to the behaviour of the brachyuran crab Hyas araneus.
	eprints.soton.ac.uk /9873 (399 words)

	Hazardous Substance Research Centers/South & Southwest
		Bioturbation driven transport of hydrophobic organic contaminants from bed sediment.
		D.D. Reible and W.A. Maher, "Bioturbation Effects on Selenium Mobility", Proceedings of the 7th International IASWS Symposium, Baveno (Stresa) Italy, September 22-25, 1996.
		Fleeger, J.W., M.A. Todaro, D.D. Reible, L.J. Thibodeaux, and K.T. Valsaraj, "The Effect of Bioturbation by Tubificid Oligochaetes on Pollutant Flux from Contaminated Sediment", Presented at the 1994 Ocean Science Meeting sponsored by the AGGU and the ASLO, San Diego, California, February 1994.
	www.hsrc-ssw.org /sswpubs.html (16737 words)

	Research on bubbles in sediments and bioturbation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		- Bioturbation is the mixing of sediments due to the activity of infaunal organisms, i.e.
		Quantitative modelling of the effects of bioturbation is required in such fields as geochemistry, civil and environmental engineering, sedimentology, paleo-climatology, and benthic ecology.
		The effects of bioturbation on labeled particle distributions in 2D lattices have studied; these will also be integrated laterally to produce 1-D profiles, equivalent to those observed in typical core-type samples.
	129.173.3.163 /res.html (1059 words)

	Megafaunal bioturbation in organically enriched Scottish sea lochs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Burrowing megafauna have long been recognized as powerful bioturbators in the marine environment, but the contributions of different species to rates of turnover of both particles and fluids are dependent upon the burrowing behaviour and trophic mode of each.
		Mechanisms of bioturbation by these species were examined through a combination of field and laboratory studies.
		Effects of bioturbation by each of the five species are contrasted and the influence of sedimentary organic carbon upon bioturbatory activity is discussed.
	www.imbc.gr /biblio_serv/embs/X0029_40.html (265 words)

	The macrobenthic infauna off Sellafield (north-eastern Irish Sea) with special reference to bioturbation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Between 1983 and 1989, 66 stations in the north-eastern Irish Sea offshore from Sellafield, Cumbria, were sampled by Reineck box corer to assess the abundance and distribution of the benthic macro-infauna.
		A method of weighting abundance data by a factor representing an estimate of individual taxon bioturbating potential is also suggested.
		This technique is illustrated and discussed by using the weighted data in a further cluster analysis to identify probable areas of high infaunal bioturbation off Sellafield.
	www.cefas.co.uk /publications/files2001-2500/2414.htm (198 words)

	omz_aslo_abstract (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Animal activities such as bioturbation and bioirrigation enhance oxygenation and solute transport, and speed the remineralization of organic matter.
		Under extreme hypoxia or anoxia, all bioturbating organisms are absent and laminae or varves often form.
		Bioturbation of modern sediments has been quantified in 2 OMZ regions, on the Peru and Oman margins.
	levin.ucsd.edu /completed_research/omz_aslo_abstract.html (3377 words)

	e-Prints Soton - Bioturbation and holocene sediment accumulation fluxes in the north-east Atlantic Ocean (Benthic ...
		Bioturbation and Holocene sediment accumulation are quantified in the three experimental areas of the Benthic Boundary Layer (BENBO) programme by means of the natural radionuclides 14C and 210Pb and the artificial radionuclides 137Cs and 241Am.
		The Holocene accumulation rates, determined by the radiocarbon method, are 4.4 and 6.5 cm kyr−1 at sites B (Rockall Plateau, 1100 m water depth) and C (Feni Drift, 1925 m water depth), respectively.
		Different estimates of surficial bioturbation mixing depths at site B are returned by the 210Pbexcess and 14C methods, with the former indicating <10 cm and the latter unusually deep at 17 cm.
	eprints.soton.ac.uk /8696 (372 words)

	QUANTIFICATION OF CRYPTIC BIOTURBATION BY "BEACH HOPPERS" (TALORCHESTIA SP.) ON A CLASTIC BEACH: WATERSIDE ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Cryptic bioturbation is commonly interpreted, but rarely quantified, in the backshore and upper foreshore of modern and ancient clastic depositional systems.
		are a major bioturbator of the upper foreshore and proximal backshore.
		In areas where gravel clasts occur within a sandy matrix, "Beach Hoppers" will burrow under the clasts or use them as a component of their burrow walls.
	gsa.confex.com /gsa/2003AM/finalprogram/abstract_62794.htm (387 words)

	Earthworm bioturbation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		One of the processes, which may be important with respect to pollutants in soil is the presence of bioturbators, like earthworms.
		A field experiment was performed to study the influence of earthworm burrowing behavior on metal distribution and availability in soil columns under field conditions, in combination with their effect on decomposition (see project of D.
		Together with Sander Wijnhoven, a PhD student of Nijmegen University working on a closely related project, a field mesocosm experiment is currently being performed to determine the effect of other bioturbators, like mice, on the earthworm population and their combined bioturbation effect.
	www.bio.vu.nl /do/Research/natureconservation/Earthworm_bioturbation/index.html (426 words)

	Bioturbation, advection, and diffusion of a conserved tracer in a laboratory flume
		Bioturbation, advection, and diffusion of a conserved tracer in a laboratory flume
		Laboratory experiments indicating the relative influences of advection, diffusion, and bioturbation on transport of NaCl tracer between a stream and streambed are described.
		Citation: Work, P. Moore, and D. Reible (2002), Bioturbation, advection, and diffusion of a conserved tracer in a laboratory flume, Water Resour.
	www.agu.org /pubs/crossref/2002/2001WR000302.shtml (238 words)

	New Page 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		When animals burrow through sediment, and disrupt or destroy primary sedimentary structures such as bedding, the process is known as bioturbation.
		All the white vertical tubes are vertical burrows.
		The white vertical burrows in the Cambrian quartzite are the trace fossil Skilothus.
	users.aber.ac.uk /czb/bioturbation.htm (58 words)

	Subaqueous Cap Design: Selection of Bioturbation Profiles, Depths, and Process Rates - Storming Media
		For either practice to satisfy the requirement of isolation of the contaminated sediments, design of caps of clean material must account for multiple factors affecting the long-term stability of the cap.
		The purpose of this technical note is to present guidance on one of these factors, bioturbation, which consists of various processes whereby organisms modify sediment properties or move sediment particles or solutes within the sediment matrix.
		Specifically, this technical note focuses on estimation of bioturbation profiles, depths, and process rates in relation to subaqueous cap design.
	www.stormingmedia.us /74/7414/A741493.html (183 words)

	bioturbation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Bioturbation, that is, the disturbance of sediment layers by biological activity, is a significant process on the ocean floor.
		In that environment, numerous animals such as worms exist by consuming organic matter trapped between sediment grains.
		Either activity requires the animals to burrow through the sediment, destroying some of the pre-existing sedimentary features such as cross bedding or ripples.
	seis.natsci.csulb.edu /bperry/Sedimentary%20Rocks%20Tour/bioturbation.htm (76 words)

	Glasgow ePrints Service - Bioturbation and Holocene sediment accumulation fluxes in the north-east Atlantic Ocean ...
		Bioturbation and Holocene sediment accumulation are quantified in the three experimental areas of the Benthic Boundary Layer (BENBO) programme by means of the natural radionuclides C-14 and Pb-210 and the artificial radionuclides Cs-137 and Am-241.
		The Holocene accumulation rates, determined by the radiocarbon method, are 4.4 and 6.5 cm kyr(-1) at sites B (Rockall Plateau, 1100 m water depth) and C (Feni Drift, 1925 m water depth), respectively.
		Different estimates of surficial bioturbation mixing depths at site B are returned by the Pb-210(excess) and C-14 methods, with the former indicating lt 10 cm and the latter unusually deep at 17 cm.
	eprints.gla.ac.uk /archive/00000908 (304 words)

	Current Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Relationships among trophic structure, bioturbation and organic-matter preservation across the oxygen minimum zone on the Indus Margin.
		The lower portion of the OMZ, where O2 increases from 0.15 to 0.3 ml/l (800-1100 m), exhibited sharp gradients in macrofaunal communities and bioturbation.
		Macrofauna were sparse but deep burrowers occurred and sediments were fully bioturbated at the lower OMZ boundary (1200 m) and below the OMZ (1850 m) where large epifaunal agglutinated foraminiferans (e.g.
	levin.ucsd.edu /current_research/trophicrelations.html (724 words)

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