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Topic: Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002

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	Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002 (BCRA) is U.S. Congressional legislation which regulates the financing of political campaigns.
		What were regarded as disturbing campaign practices during the federal elections of 1996, including (to some degree) the presidential race.
		Campaign finance reform was a significant issue in the 2000 presidential campaign, and Republican candidate George W. Bush said that he would support the bill if it was amended to regulate traditionally pro-Democrat soft money sources (labor and government unions) as well as traditionally pro-Republican sources (businesses).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bipartisan_Campaign_Reform_Act_of_2002 (999 words)

	LII Backgrounder: Campaign Finance
		Although campaign finances have been regulated in some fashion since the late 1800s, new policies set forth in the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act (BCRA) of 2002 are the strongest measures yet taken by the federal government in their fight to combat undue financial influence on an election.
		The major concern for legislators in amending campaign finance law was to limit the use of "soft money", or "non-federal money", but the BCRA also offers stricter definitions of various election activities, requires increased disclosure of financial sources, and prescribes new laws for exceptional situations that have caused judicial confusion in past elections.
		Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act (pdf) was signed into law in March of 2002.
	www.law.cornell.edu /background/campaign_finance/index.html (1443 words)

	The Reform Institute \| For Campaign and Election Issues (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		IN THE SPRING OF 2002, Congress passed and President Bush signed into law the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002, [FN1] the most comprehensive attempt at reforming federal campaign finance laws since the Federal Election Campaign Act was enacted and amended in the 1970s.
		Reform of the Federal Election Commission is desperately needed to ensure that federal campaign finance law is enforced by an 172 agency that acts* in accordance with congressional spirit and intent.
		In 1971, the Communications Act of 1934 was amended by the Federal Election Campaign Act to incorporate a lowest unit charge provision to reduce the cost of campaigns and increase candidates' ability to access broadcast media.
	reforminstitute.org /cgi-data/article/files/71.shtml (4043 words)

	GOVERNMENT 101: Campaign Finance
		Campaign Finance Information in this guide is based on The FEC and Federal Campaign Finance Law, published in November 2002 by the Federal Election Commission.
		The Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002 is a bill that bans "soft money" contributions to national political parties; but permits up to $10,000 in soft money contributions to state and local parties.
		In 1974 the Federal Election Campaign Act was amended and specifically sanctioned the formation of "political committees" to enable the employees of corporations, members of labor unions, or members of professional groups, trade associations or any other political group to pool their dollars and give to the candidates of their choice.
	www.uvm.edu /~dguber/POLS125/articles/campaign_finance.htm (986 words)

	The Campaign Legal Center: BCRA McCain-Feingold
		In September 2004, the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia invalidated fifteen of the nineteen challenged Reform Act implementing rules and ordered the FEC to rewrite the rules.
		The lawsuits challenging the constitutionality of the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002 - eleven suits brought by more than 80 plaintiffs - were consolidated as McConnell v.
		The U.S. Supreme Court issued its decision on December 10, 2004, upholding all key aspects of the Reform Act.
	www.campaignlegalcenter.org /BCRA.html (249 words)

	WRF \| Election Law News \| Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002
		President George W. Bush signed the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002 today, March 27, 2002.Below is a summary of the major provisions of the new law and a brief explanation of how these provisions apply to individuals, PACs, corporations, and non-profits.
		The Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002 expands the definition of coordination to include coordination with political parties and party committees.
		The criminal statute of limitations for violation of the campaign finance law is extended from the current three years to five years.
	www.wrf.com /publication_newsletters.cfm?sp=newsletter&year=2002&ID=16&publication_id=10194&keyword= (1094 words)

	Federal Election Commission
		For presidential campaigns this means 50,000 or more people in a state holding a primary within 30 days or within 30 days of the start of the nominating convention.
		House and Senate candidates are permitted, under certain conditions, to receive a salary from their campaign committee (up to either the candidate's earnings in the previous year or the salary of the office, whichever is lower).
		Campaign funds may be used for certain non-campaign purposes -- official officeholder expenses, contributions and donations to other campaigns and charitable organizations, and transfers to national, state, or local party committees.
	www.fec.gov /press/bkgnd/bcra_overview.shtml (2109 words)

	Campaigns & Elections
		The revisions were based on the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002 (BCRA), which added to FECA new restrictions and prohibitions on the receipt, solicitation, and use of some non-Federal funds (soft money).
		During consideration of the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act (BCRA) in the Senate in 2001, a "paycheck protection" amendment (which was seen as a "poison pill" impairing passage of McCain-Feingold) was defeated.
		The Campaign Finance Institute is a non-profit organization whose activities include research and education, task force creation, and making recommendations for policy change in the field of campaign finance.
	www.polisource.com /campaigns-elections.shtml (3673 words)

	Democracy 21 -- On the Docket: Campaign Finance and the Courts
		Representatives Shays and Meehan, the House sponsors of the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002, are challenging a number of the regulations adopted by the FEC to implement the new law as arbitrary and capricious, and contrary to law.
		On Friday, May 16, 2003, the congressional sponsors of the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act (BCRA) filed a jurisdictional statement in the Supreme Court appealing the ruling of a three-judge District court panel that provisions of the BCRA were unconstitutional.
		On Friday, May 3, 2002, a three-judge federal district court in the District of Columbia issued an order granting the motion to intervene filed by the congressional sponsors of the newly enacted Bipartisan Campaign Finance Reform Act of 2002 in the cases challenging the constitutionality of the new law.
	www.democracy21.org /index.asp?Type=B_PR&SEC={0AD86D15-CC6E-478D-AB7D-E351E4DB1B38}&DE={189FFC78-719A-45AE-95CB-3D0E14A44670 (4105 words)

	Public Citizen \| Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002 (BCRA) - The Bipartisan Campaign Refom Act of 2002
		The Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002 (BCRA) was signed by the President and enacted on March 27, 2002.
		BCRA capped a seven-year effort by its congressional sponsors to change federal campaign law and marked the most significant amendment to the Federal Election Campaign Act (FECA) in more than a quarter century.
		Introduction to Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002 (BCRA)
	www.citizen.org /congress/campaign/legislation/bcralaw/index.cfm (155 words)

	NOW with Bill Moyers. For Educators. Campaign Finance Reform \| PBS
		Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002 (BCRA), Public Law 107-155, also known as the McCain-Feingold Bill: The law, passed on March 27, 2002, places new restrictions on soft money and issue ads.
		Campaign reform can be achieved by relying on complete disclosure of fund sources rather than spending limits or public financing of political campaigns.
		Plans for achieving campaign finance reform (Part IV) may be evaluated on the basis of clarity, logic, and the use of appropriate research data.
	www.pbs.org /now/classroom/campaignfinance.html (2494 words)

	Campaign Finance: Soft Money: Campaign Finance Fallout: In Brief
		On another front to debunk Campaign Finance reform, the Republican National Committee and California Democratic Committee filed a lawsuit in federal court, on May 8th, 2002 -- claiming that the recently passed McCain-Feingold bill (Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2001) infringed upon their 1st amendment rights.
		On March 28, 2002 in a deliberately quiet moment in the Oval Office just before he left for another fundraising trip President Bush signed the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2001 (BCRA).
		Reform advocates were able to hold together the jewels of the legislation -- a "soft money ban" that would bar corporations and individuals from giving unregulated amounts of money to the national parties, and a provision that would outlaw independent political attack ads 60 days before an election.
	www.campaignfinancesite.org /proposals/softmoney8.html (534 words)

	The new federal campaign finance act — in a nutshell - Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002 - Cover Story ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The Act raises the limit from $1,000 to $2,000 per election from individuals for both house and Senate candidates.
		THE FOLLOWING IS A detailed summary of the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002 ("Act"), also known as the Shays-Meehan or McCain-Feingold bill, which the President signed into law on March 27, 2002.
		The Act prohibits a national party committee (i.e., RNC, DNC, NRSC, DSCC, NRCC and DCCC) and entities controlled by those party committees from spending, soliciting, receiving, or directing to others soft money (i.e., funds that are not subject to the limitations, prohibitions and reporting requirements of the federal election law).
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m2519/is_6_23/ai_89973715 (791 words)

	NursingWorld \| AJN 2002: May: Washington Watch: Campaign Finance Reform
		The Shays—Meehan—McCain—Feingold Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002, signed into law by President Bush in March, is expected to rein in the influence of wealthy individuals, corporations, and special interest groups in politics and level the playing field for all Americans who wish to take part in the political process.
		The key sponsor of campaign finance reform was Senator John McCain (R-AZ), who introduced such legislation each year since 1995 and who pledged to overhaul campaign finance laws during his 2000 presidential bid.
		The Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002, which goes into effect after the 2002 elections, bans advertising (whether used to elect or defeat a candidate) paid for by soft money contributions in the last 60 days of a general election or 30 days before a primary.
	www.nursingworld.org /AJN/2002/may/wawatch.htm (631 words)

	THE BIPARTISAN CAMPAIGN REFORM ACT: UNINTENDED CONSEQUENCES AND THE MAINE SOLUTION
		Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002 (BCRA),[4] which, in seeking to decrease the role of money in federal elections, insufficiently addresses reform for organizations other than the national political parties.
		[48] The goal of MCEA was to reduce the influence of campaign contributors on elected officials and to encourage the participation of candidates averse to fundraising.
		First, the public financing provisions of Vermont's campaign finance reform were passed as part of a larger package of reforms including mandatory limits on campaign expenditures for all candidates for state office.
	www.law.harvard.edu /students/orgs/jol/vol41_2/saxl.php (7811 words)

	College Libertarians of Towson - Alex Peak - The Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002: A Threat to Freedom
		The Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002, more commonly referred to as the McCain/Feingold Act, is a campaign finance reform bill purported to have the intended effect of limiting or eliminating “soft money.” However, its actual effect is to limit and curtail the freedoms permitted by the U.S. political system.
		This was followed by the Tillman Act in 1907, the “first Federal campaign disclosure legislation” in 1910, the Federal Corrupt Practices Act of 1925, the Hatch Act of 1939, Taft-Hartley Act of 1947, and finally the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971, also referred to as FECA.
		The new campaign finance law reinstates the status quo ante of barely a decade ago, before soft money began to be a major component of national party fundraising and before candidate-specific sham “issue ads” were used to undermine the disclosure and contribution limitation provisions of federal election law.
	wwwnew.towson.edu /clt/editorials/peak6.html (1626 words)

	U.S. Senator John McCain
		Just as some former opponents of campaign reform now favor enforcement actions by the FEC, some of those who in the past urged enforcement of the law against 527 groups have suddenly changed their tune.
		Let me read you a portion of a letter sent to the Department of Justice asking for a criminal investigation of a 527 group which was proposing to run advertising and conduct voter registration for the purpose of influencing federal elections and which had failed to register with the FEC as a federal political committee.
		The Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act proved, in a bipartisan way, that we care about making sure that political power in this country does not lie solely in the hands of big corporations, labor unions and the wealthiest of the wealthy.
	mccain.senate.gov /index.cfm?fuseaction=Newscenter.ViewSpeech&Content_id=1534 (2122 words)

	Campaign Finance: President Signs Campaign Finance Reform Act
		Today I have signed into law H.R. 2356, the "Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002." I believe that this legislation, although far from perfect, will improve the current financing system for Federal campaigns.
		Second, this law will raise the decades-old limits on giving imposed on individuals who wish to support the candidate of their choice, thereby advancing my stated principle that election reform should strengthen the role of individual citizens in the political process.
		I long have believed that complete and immediate disclosure of the source of campaign contributions is the best way to reform campaign finance.
	www.campaignfinancesite.org /structure/federal3.html (574 words)

	Campaign Finance Reform
		The Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act (BCRA) is once again the "law of the land" in its entirety thanks to the same federal court that struck down and upheld portions of the law in a ruling that took the three judges four separate opinions and 1575 pages to explain.
		The Center is a named plaintiff in the lawsuit challenging the constitutionality of the McCain-Feingold Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act, as we seek to restore the First Amendment rights of millions of Americans to engage in the political process that Landrieu and many of her colleagues so willingly stripped away.
		So-called campaign finance reform is gone for now, except for the shouting, the recriminations, the jockeying for position–the 10-cent public dance of the dwarves that denigrates most who participate...
	www.cfif.org /htdocs/legislative_issues/federal_issues/hot_issues_in_congress/campaign_finance_reform/index.htm (3683 words)

	CCH, a Wolters Kluwer business
		Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002: Law and Explanation explains in practical terms the operation of the law to attorneys, accountants, compliance staff, officials and staffs of political campaigns, party committees, political organizations, PACs and non-profit organizations that are affected by the Act.
		Campaign finance law experts Sandler and Reiff provide an overview of the entire Act and detailed analysis of its many provisions with tips on practical application of the new rules.
		Other features that help readers quickly find need-to-know information are a "line-and-strike" version of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 showing changes enacted by the 2002 Act; a guide to the new requirements; full text of the final law; and the congressional Committee Report.
	www.cch.com /press/news/2002/20021003B.asp (668 words)

	03-27-2002 - The Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002 : Senator Carl Levin: News Release (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Requires national political party committees, including congressional campaign committees to report all receipts and disbursements and state party committees to report all receipts and disbursements for Federal election activities and receipts and disbursements for activities permitted by the Levin amendment (i.e., spending of capped soft money donations on certain forms of voter registration and get-out-the-vote).
		Prohibits a person from fraudulently misrepresenting that he or she is speaking, writing, or otherwise acting on behalf of a candidate or political party for the purpose of soliciting campaign contributions.
		After November 6, 2002, the parties may spend any remaining soft money only for debts or obligations incurred in connection with the 2002 election (including any runoff or recount) or any previous election, but only for expenses for which it would otherwise be permissible to spend soft money.
	www.senate.gov /~levin/newsroom/release.cfm?id=216533 (3289 words)

	Campaign Finance Reform
		On December 4-5, 2002 a three-judge panel of the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia heard oral arguments in the consolidated McConnell v.
		On May 9, the FEC issued a first round of proposed rules to implement aspects of the Act; and over a year later they were still developing and finalizing rules related to the Act.
		Despite passage of BCRA serious concerns remain over many aspects of how elections are financed in the United States, ranging from low public participation in the matching funds checkoff to the financing of the presidential nominating contests to the activities of Section 527 organizations.
	www.gwu.edu /~action/2004/cfinref.html (396 words)

	Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002
		The Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002 (BCRA) (H.R. 2356) was signed into law on March 27, 2002.
		Unless otherwise specified, the information contained in this Issue Update is from that briefing and/or the comprehensive written summary of the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002: Provisions Affection Nonprofit Advocacy Organizations that they prepared.Their summary is available here.
		Brief Summary of the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002
	www.ncna.org /index.cfm?fuseaction=Page.viewPage&pageID=271 (859 words)

	BIPARTISAN CAMPAIGN REFORM ACT OF 2002: Provisions Affecting Nonprofit Advocacy Organizations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002, signed into law on March 27, 2002, is the first significant revision of the laws regulating the financing of campaigns for federal office in more than 20 years.
		The Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002 (H.R. 2356)(BCRA), signed into law on March 27, 2002, is the first significant revision of the laws regulating the financing of campaigns for federal office in more than 20 years.
		Although 501(c)(3) corporations are prohibited under the IRC from intervening in any campaign for public office, they frequently engage in lobbying activities and certain nonpartisan voter education activities that may now be prohibited under the corporate electioneering communications prohibition in BCRA.
	www.allianceforjustice.org /research_publications/research/collection/Research_Trister.html?referrer_level_id=7517&ref_color=blue&ref_name=nonprofit&inform=5 (3191 words)

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