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Topic: Bipolar transmission

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	High-voltage direct current - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Because HVDC allows power transmission between unsynchronised AC distribution systems, it can help increase system stability, by preventing cascading failures from propagating from one part of a wider power transmission grid to another, whilst still allowing power to be imported or exported in the event of smaller failures.
		At smaller transmission distances the losses in the static inverters may be bigger than in an AC powerline, and the cost of the inverters may not be offset by reductions in line construction cost.
		In bipolar transmission a pair of conductors is used, each at a high potential with respect to ground, in opposite polarity.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/HVDC (3561 words)

	HVDC - InfoSearchPoint.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		DC transmission remains the exception, rather than the rule, in power transmission There are environments where HVDC is the conventional solution, such as in submarine cables and in interconnecting unsynchronized AC systems, however for the bulk of situations AC transmission remains in a dominant position.
		Therefore, with high voltages being optimal for bulk transmission, and lower voltages for industrial and domestic utilisation, the ability of AC to be effectively transformed in voltage a number of times during transmission led it to become, and remain, the dominant means of electrical power transmission.
		Bipolar transmission is a more expensive option than monopolar transmission owing to the increased cost of line.
	www.infosearchpoint.com /display/HVDC (2342 words)

	Transformerless bipolar converter - United States Patent 4,419,757
		Unipolar transmission can be characterized as the transmission of a logical 1 by means of a pulse at one voltage level and a logical 0, by means of a pulse at a negative voltage level of the same magnitude.
		In contrast, in bipolar transmission, one data sense, e.g., the logical 1 is represented by the absence of a pulse, i.e., by some reference voltage, conveniently 0 volts, and the other data sense is represented by the presence of a pulse which alternates between positive and negative levels of like magnitude.
		Waveform (C) shows the binary data stream of waveform (A) in bipolar format in which logical 0 bits are coded alternately as positive and negative voltage levels of one-volt magnitude and all logical 1 bits are coded at a reference level of zero volts.
	xrint.com /patents/us/4419757 (3075 words)

	Webvision:Bipolar cell pathways
		Bipolar cells are also termed ‘flat’ or ‘invaginating’ depending on the placement of dendritic tips, either on the surface of (flat), or penetrating within photoreceptor synaptic terminals to approach presynaptic ribbons (invaginating).
		ON bipolar cell signals appear greatly depressed or absent, OFF cone bipolar signals, as represented by the electroretinographic d-wave, are spared (Alexander et al., 1992), as is the rod a-wave (Goodman and Bornschein, 1957) (Fig.
		Bipolar cells are functionally crucial neurons that comprise the middle component of the vertical transduction pathway through the retina.
	webvision.med.utah.edu /BCchapter.html (11160 words)

	[No title]
		Short bipolar pulses are used for the studies of biological cell response to high electric fields when the net transfer of charge is undesirable.
		The bipolar pulse is produced from a unipolar pulse by the parallel connection of a shorted transmission line.
		The transmission line is connected parallel to the load, at the end of a 2 m long RG58 cable between the Unipolar “nanopulser” and the instrumented slide.
	www.eng.auburn.edu /pmc2004/ebio6-6.doc (1860 words)

	SFB-269 Teilprojekt B4
		This is in contrast to the sustained release at the ribbon synapses of photoreceptors and bipolar cells of the retina.
		Synaptic transmission between bipolar cells and amacrine or ganglion cells is mediated via glutamate.
		For the rod bipolar synapse, we have shown that the postsynaptic partners express different types of glutamate receptors - one partner expresses an AMPA type, the other a kainate type of glutamate receptor.
	web.uni-frankfurt.de /SFB269/b4-e.htm (458 words)

	Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria - Genetics of bipolar disorder (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Bipolar disorder (BD) is characterized by mood alterations, with recurrent depressive and manic episodes in lifetime.
		Although the phenomenon of anticipation may be caused by environmental factors, the observation of its occurrence among BD patients led to the investigation of the expansion of CAG/CTG repetitions in affective disorders.
		Bipolar affective disorder partially cosegregates with a balanced t(9;11)(p24;q23.1) chromosomal translocation in a small pedigree.
	www.scielo.br /scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-44462004000700004&tlng=en&lng=en&nrm=iso (4168 words)

	GABA Transporters Regulate Inhibition in the Retina by Limiting GABAC Receptor Activation -- Ichinose and Lukasiewicz ...
		of transmission is mediated by spillover of transmitter from distant
		Lukasiewicz PD, Werblin FS (1994) A novel GABA receptor modulates synaptic transmission from bipolar to ganglion and amacrine cells in the tiger salamander retina.
		Matsui K, Hosoi N, Tachibana M (1998) Excitatory synaptic transmission in the inner retina: paired recordings of bipolar cells and neurons of the ganglion cell layer.
	www.jneurosci.org /cgi/content/full/22/8/3285 (5427 words)

	Retinal GABA receptors and visual processing: a model system for presynaptic inhibition
		The predominant role of GABAC receptors in the retina is to mediate presynaptic inhibition of the bipolar cell output (Lukasiewicz et al., 2004).
		GABAergic inhibition at the bipolar cell terminals appears to be matched to the kinetics of the excitatory responses; rod bipolar cells have the slowest excitatory responses and the largest complement of GABAC receptors, whereas OFF cone bipolar cells have the fastest excitatory responses and possess a larger complement of GABAA receptors.
		Spillover transmission by distant, extrasynaptic GABA receptors enhances the influence of inhibitory signaling by increasing its spatial extent.
	www.cellscience.com /reviews7/retinal_GABA_receptors.html (6341 words)

	DRADA: What's New (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Perhaps their transmission is related to a family of genes instead of a single gene—a seemingly simple concept, but with complex implications.
		To illustrate, Dr. McMahon contrasted a schematic of the transmission of Huntington's disease (a one-to-one relationship) with a model of the transmission of affective disorders by several minor genes.
		Analysis of certain alleles (different versions of the same gene) on 18q in pairs of siblings having bipolar disorder indicated that pairs with bipolar II were surprisingly homogeneous, whereas pairs with bipolar I were not.
	www.drada.org /ReferenceShelf/mcmahon.html (848 words)

	Excitatory Synaptic Transmission in the Inner Retina: Paired Recordings of Bipolar Cells and Neurons of the Ganglion ...
		A bipolar cell and a cell in the GLC were voltage-clamped simultaneously with a patch pipette.
		Ehinger B, Ottersen OP, Storm-Mathisen J, Dowling JE (1988) Bipolar cells in the turtle retina are strongly immunoreactive for glutamate.
		Slaughter MM, Miller RF (1983) Bipolar cells in the mudpuppy retina use an excitatory amino acid neurotransmitter.
	www.jneurosci.org /cgi/content/full/18/12/4500 (7030 words)

	Spike-Dependent GABA Inputs to Bipolar Cell Axon Terminals Contribute to Lateral Inhibition of Retinal Ganglion Cells ...
		IPSCs in bipolar cells by TTX was not caused by a decrease in
		Kaneko A. Physiological and morphological identification of horizontal, bipolar and amacrine cells in goldfish retina.
		A novel GABA receptor modulates synaptic transmission from bipolar to ganglion and amacrine cells in the tiger salamander retina.
	jn.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/89/5/2449 (6463 words)

	Random Works of the Web » Blog Archive » High-voltage direct current (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		An early method of high-voltage DC transmission was developed by the Swiss engineer Rene Thury [5].
		The grid controlled mercury arc valve became available for power transmission during the period 1920 to 1940[9].
		This is the common configuration for interconnecting two unsynchronised grids or for changing frequency or for stabilizing an AC network.
	random.dragonslife.org /high-voltage-direct-current/332 (3595 words)

	ABB Deutschland: Rihand-Dehli (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Part of the power from the 3000 MW coal-based thermal power Rihand complex in Uttar Pradesh is carried by the Rihand-Delhi HVDC bipolar transmission link, which has a rated capacity of 1500 MW at ±500 kV DC.
		The most important ones were better overall economy, halved right-of-way requirements, lower transmission losses and better stability and controllability.
		The transmission was, which was commissioned in 1990, is owned by Power Grid Corporation of India.
	www.abb.de /cawp/gad02181/c1256d71001e0037c1256834002a779c.aspx (177 words)

	Cellular and Molecular Medicine - J. Raymond DePaulo, Jr., M.D. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		We are conducting clinical and molecular genetic analyses of families with Bipolar disorder (manic-depressive illness) to find the loci and genetic mechanisms involved in the etiology of this illness.
		The plan is to complete a 20cM map on these families within a year and to conduct linkage analyses.
		McMahon, Stine, Meyers, Simpson, and DePaulo (1995) Patterns of Maternal Transmission in Bipolar Affective Disorder.
	www.hopkinsmedicine.org /graduateprograms/cmm/depaulo.html (320 words)

	Symposium and papers 019-HUMAN GENETICS: diversity and disease. International conference 1997 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Linkage studies of complex diseases such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder require the assumption that at least some cases are explained by the segregation of genes of large effect.
		It is also assumed that the mode of transmission can be inferred, at least approximately and that, within multiply affected families, there is etiologic homogeneity.
		Several recent reports of increased maternal transmission and linkage to chromosome 18 markers in only paternally transmitted pedigrees have, in addition, raised the possibility of parent-of-origin effects.
	www.ecu.edu.au /pa/hgsa/consym19.htm (725 words)

	Patents 5268580 - 5268833
		Patent 5268732: Apparatus for measuring spectral transmissivity of optical fiber
		Patent 5268748: Arrangement for measuring the reflection and/or transmission of an object
		Patent 5268823: Light transmission apparatus for electro-optically coupling to a display panel for an electronic instrument
	www.everypatent.com /idx/pdir1056.html (8134 words)

	Energy Citations Database (ECD) - Energy and Energy-Related Bibliographic Citations
		Energy Citations Database (ECD) Document #7306752 - Conductor surface voltage gradients on bipolar hvdc transmission lines
		Availability information may be found in the Availability, Publisher, Research Organization, Resource Relation and/or Author (affiliation information) fields and/or via the "Full-text Availability" link.
		Conductor surface voltage gradients on bipolar hvdc transmission lines
	www.osti.gov /energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=7306752 (148 words)

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