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Topic: Birch

	Encyclopedia: Birch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Birch is used as a food plant by the larvae of a large number of Lepidoptera species, see List of Lepidoptera which feed on Birches.
		Birch sap is drunk as a tonic or rendered into birch syrup, vinegar, beer, soft drinks, and other foods.
		Birch tar, extracted from birch bark, was used as a lubricant and for medicinal purposes.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Birch (2111 words)

	botany/betula (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Birches are very attractive, with their white or beautifully colored bark, which peels off in thin, papery fragments.
		Birches grow naturally in cold climates and are very hardy; they withstand a substantial amount of exposure.
		Birch tar and oil used in the medical practice are obtained by distillation of the wood of the common Birch.
	www.botany.com /betula.html (703 words)

	Birch: Just the facts... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Birches of North America (A continent (the third largest) in the western hemisphere connected to South America by the Isthmus of Panama) include:Betula allegheniensis - Yellow Birch* (Tree of eastern North America with thin lustrous yellow or gray bark) (B.
		Extracts of birch are used for flavoring or leather oil, and in cosmetics such as soap (A cleansing agent made from the salts of vegetable or animal fats) or shampoo (The act of washing your hair with shampoo).
		Birch leaves are used to make a diuretic (Any substance that tends to increase the flow of urine) tea (Dried leaves of the tea shrub; used to make tea) and to make extracts for dye (A usually soluble substance for staining or coloring e.g.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/b/bi/birch.htm (561 words)

	Birch Boy Gourmet Alaskan Birch Syrup: Educational Articles
		Birch trees, like many northern hardwoods, have long been tapped for their sugary, invigorating sap; but because of maple's high sugar content, generous sap flow, mellow flavor, and compliant nature, maple became the premier sugar tree in North AmericaÜexcept for Alaska, where birch trees are plentiful and maples are small and scarce.
		Birch syrup from sap with a high sugar content may contain more than 90 percent sugars in the total dissolved solids, and the lower limit of 66 degrees Brix may actually be close to sugar percentage.
		Birch syrup at 70 percent concentration of sugars (78 degrees Brix) is roughly equal in relative viscosity to maple syrup at 66 percent (67 degrees Brix), both measured at room temperature.
	www.birchboy.com /articles.html (10403 words)

	Birch wood,craftwood and woodworking supply (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Yellow(silver or swamp birch) and paper (sometimes referred as white or canoe) birch are the two most common trees in Northern Ontario, although sweet, river and gray birch have some commercial recognition in other parts of Canada and the United States.
		Birches are usually the first to establish in cleared land, but start to die once other trees move in and offer shade.
		Yellow birch on the other hand, tends to be a larger tree and exhibits a more consistent golden brown colour, with little creamy white sap wood.
	www.thewoodbox.com /data/wood/birchinfo.htm (611 words)

	Birch
		Birches grown as ornamentals can be sprayed with malathion or insecticidal soap, which are among the compounds registered to control aphids in Connecticut.
		Leaves of gray birch, paper birch, and European white birch and its cutleaf variety, especially the tender terminal leaves on young trees and sprouts, are commonly injured by the larvae of this insect and turn brown.
		Birches injured are the gray birch, white birch, yellow birch, and European birch.
	www.caes.state.ct.us /PlantPestHandbookFiles/pphB/pphbirc.htm (1659 words)

	Trees for Life - Species profile: Birch
		Birches, the most common native trees in Scotland, are a vital part of the Caledonian Forest, both as pioneer species in the pinewoods and through forming extensive stands of their own.
		Birches are deciduous, and before their new leaves appear in spring the twigs and buds exhibit a characteristic reddish-purple colour, which is especially apparent after rain.
		The two species can be distinguished by their leaves, with those of downy birch being rounder in shape than silver birch, and having a single row of teeth on the leaf margin, in contrast to the double row of teeth on silver birch leaves.
	www.treesforlife.org.uk /tfl.birch.html (1529 words)

	WildWNC.org : Trees : Paper Birch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In Alaska, paper birch is found on the cooler north and east aspects and aspen on the warm south and west aspects.
		Typical soil temperatures of birch stands in the Fairbanks region of Alaska range from 9° to ll° C (48° to 52° F) at a 10 cm (4 in) depth during the June to August growing season (112).
		The birch trees responded to stress by losing leaves, whereas the white oak was not severely stressed by conditions of the study (30).
	wildwnc.org /trees/Betula_papyrifera.html (8128 words)

	Birch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The birch, an aristocrat among trees: its slender form wrapped in a silver-white bark, it is tall and graceful and its branches hang elegantly in gently drooping arches.
		Birch tar, which is obtained from the so-called dry distillation of the branches and trunk bark, is mainly used in veterinary medicine against mange and other skin disorders.
		Birch sap, which is obtained in March and April by boring through the trunk, is thought to stop hair loss, counteract dandruff and degrease the hair.
	www.wala.de /english/pflanze/archiv/birke.htm (991 words)

	Ohio Trees, Bulletin 700-00, Betula – Birch
		The sweet birch is also known as fl birch or cherry birch and occurs in the coves and deep ravine pockets of the sandstone and shale formations of eastern Ohio.
		River birch is resistant to the bronze birch borer.
		The European birch is not as well-adapted to Ohio landscapes as the native canoe or paper birch.
	ohioline.osu.edu /b700/b700_24.html (1198 words)

	The Birch
		To the Druids, the Birch (often referred to as the "Lady of the Woods" due to its grace and beauty) represented renewal, rebirth and inception, since it was the first tree to come into leaf after the Winter Season.
		Birch people are loyal, reliable and trustworthy, but prone to be reserved in displays of affection...although they are sociable with those they choose to socialize with.
		There is a tendency for the Birch individual to experience loneliness and successful marriages frequently occur later in life, since it is often difficult for such people to easily find someone willing to fit into their strict routine.
	www.novareinna.com /constellation/birch.html (2700 words)

	botanical.com - A Modern Herbal \| Birch, Common - Herb Profile and Information
		It yields oil of Birch Tar, and the peculiar, well-known odour of russia leather is due to the use of this oil in the process of dressing.
		Birch Wine, concocted from this thin, sugary sap of the tree, collected from incisions made in the trees in March, honey, cloves and lemon peel being added and then the whole fermented with yeast, makes a very pleasant cordial, formerly much appreciated.
		The leaves are said to dye a better yellow than the Common Birch; the seeds are a principal food of ptarmigan in Lapland; Moxa is prepared from it and regarded as an effective remedy in all painful diseases.
	www.botanical.com /botanical/mgmh/b/bircom43.html (929 words)

	The Birch Trees Overview
		The catkin of the Birch Tree, when they’re in bloom, are often harvested and dried and used to scent a room, or are burned for a sweet aroma.
		The Birch's slender form, its delicately draping branches, and the somniferous rustle of its leaves certainly all contributes to its feminine appearance.
		The Black Birch is a rather dark tree, with bark that tends to be a deep fl and adorned with white horizontal lines that appear like scars.
	www.santharia.com /herbarium/birch.htm (1083 words)

	Birch
		Birches are much loved for bonsai because of their elegant beauty, but they do not take easily to pot culture.
		Birches like a lot of light, although some shade is advisable in the hottest areas or in midsummer.
		Birches root best just before set, so look for intact buds that you think are not going to open and take the semi hardwood cuttings while the buds are still bright green.
	www.bonsai-bci.com /species/birch.html (1057 words)

	Birch
		Native Americans stretched birch bark on their canoe frames and used the wood for their arrows.
		Birch prefers valleys and stream banks although it adapts itself to higher grounds.
		The wood of yellow birch is heavy, hard and strong.
	www.hardwood.org /species_guide/display_species.asp?species=yellowbirch (265 words)

	Birch Bay WA - Birch Bay Real Estate (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Birch Bay, the fastest growing community in Whatcom County offering a safe, relaxed atmosphere while being just a short distance from the I-5 interchange Exit 270, connecting to downtown Vancouver, British Columbia to the north, and the City of Bellingham twenty minutes south.
		Birch Bay is considered one of the premier birding habitants on the Great Washington State Birding Trail’s Cascade Loop.
		Birch Bay is part of the Coast Millennium Trail which runs from Skagit County north to Blaine.
	www.birchbayliving.com (398 words)

	Birch
		The wood of the birch is soft and not very durable but being cheap and the tree being able to thrive in any situation or soil, it is grown all over Europe and used for a wide variety of purposes.
		It yields Oil of Birch Tar and the peculiar well-known odour of Russian leather is due to the use of this in the process of its dressing.
		In Wicca/Witchcraft the Druids placed the birch at the start of the Celtic tree calendar from whence it became associated with inception and new beginnings and twigs of the birch were use at Beltane celebrations to light the festival fires marking the beginning of a new season.
	www.controverscial.com /Birch.htm (1652 words)

	Alaska Birch Syrup - Kahiltna Birchworks - Birch Syrup, Berry Products, & More
		Alaska birch syrup is one of the rarest gourmet food products in the world, and one of the most difficult to produce.
		The birch trees from which the Easts draw sap for their birch syrup obtain their water from this source.
		Quiet Lake, where the Easts live part-time and produce their birch syrup, is a small lake nestled in the center of Alaska’s Susitna Valley, the vast river valley extending south of the Alaska Range.
	www.alaskabirchsyrup.com (818 words)

	River Birch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		However, it should be noted that River Birch is resistant to the bronze birch borer, which plagues the birches of colder climates when they are planted too far south of their natural range (the warmer winters do not kill off the larvae), and is very heat tolerant in summer.
		Like other Birches, the dormant catkins (male flowers) of River Birch hang on the bare twigs in winter, then begin to swell in late winter and early spring with the advent of warmer weather.
		River Birch trees that occur in the wild usually have excessively flaky, dark gray to fl outer bark with hints of an orange and cream inner bark.
	www.dnr.state.oh.us /forestry/Education/ohiotrees/birchriver.htm (540 words)

	Black Birch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Black Birch is a tree found in the Appalachian region of the United States, mostly in moist ravines where there are cool summers.
		Leaves of Black Birch are alternate, elliptical to ovate, and singly to doubly serrated on their margins (left).
		The texture of Black Birch in winter is medium-fine, with the ascending branches having thin, hairless twigs and small, sharply-pointed buds (lower left).
	www.dnr.state.oh.us /forestry/Education/ohiotrees/birchblack.htm (580 words)

	birch
		In earlier times he took a certain number of turns every day, and used to count them by means of a heap of flints, one of which he kicked out on the path each time he passed.
		She saw what she was looking for: the dreaded man was sitting on the stump of a felled birch tree, gazing down the valley, his cheeks resting on his hands.
		Near their hut was a group of birch trees, in which some fl-game had made their nests, and the youth had often begged his father's permission to shoot the birds, but the old man always strictly forbade him to do anything of the kind.
	www.cooldictionary.com /words/birch.word (605 words)

	birch on Encyclopedia.com
		The birches, beautiful bushes or trees of temperate and arctic regions, are often found mingled with evergreens in northern coniferous forests.
		White-barked birches are often used as ornamental trees, e.g., the famous paper, or canoe, birch (B.
		Various birches have yielded sugar, vinegar, a tea from the leaves, and a birch beer from the sap.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/b1/birch.asp (564 words)

	Emily Care Boss - Birches (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		From Robert Frost's image of birches bent by being swung on by children, to countless watercolors of the riotous color of Autumnal forest edges, interspersed with the striking white bark of a birch.
		Paper birch grow to be moderately tall, stately trees, with the characteristic peeling white bark that gives them their name.
		Grey Birch are small trees, that bend easily under the weight of ice in the winter, often remaining at an angle.
	www-unix.oit.umass.edu /~ecboss/birch.html (542 words)

	birch
		A tree of several species, constituting the genus {Betula}; as the white or common birch ({B. alba}) (also called silver birch and lady birch); the dwarf birch ({B. glandulosa}); the paper or canoe birch ({B. papyracea}); the yellow birch ({B. lutea}); the fl or cherry birch ({B. lenta}).
		Note: The twigs of the common European birch (B. alba), being tough and slender, were formerly much used for rods in schools.
		{Birching}.] To whip with a birch rod or twig; to flog.
	www.beetfoundation.com /words/b/birch.html (279 words)

	BIRCH BAY VILLAGE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Birch Bay Village is a community association composed of 1132 lots, of which about 950 have homes constructed upon them.
		The Birch Bay Village Community Club is an association of all property owners.
		The Club owns, maintains and administers the common assets and facilities within Birch Bay Village, which includes thirteen (13) miles of roads, recreational areas, a private golf course, private marina and swimming pool.
	www.bbvcc.com (97 words)

	Birch Bay.net Birch Bay Washington Lodging Accomodations and Events and Actities Portal
		Since Birch Bay has some of the warmest water on the Pacific Coast, Birch Bay is a favorite place to swim in the ocean.
		Birch Bay is located approximately 100 miles north of Seattle Washington and about 50 miles south of Vancouver, BC Canada.
		Smart Growth Birch Bay, which is an independent citizen's organization focusing on area growth, has launched a website at www.smartgrowthbirchbay.org.
	www.birchbay.net (958 words)

	View :: Birch
		Birch is a package of scripts that runs a photoblog.
		It displays and archives photos, with captions, and has an easy to use administrator interface that allows you to upload new photos and change the captions on old ones.
		Simple administrator interface: All administration tasks can be accomplished from this interface, including uploading, editing and deleting a photo and it's caption, as well as changing the username, password and CSS template.
	www.view-sw.com /birch (304 words)

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