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Topic: Bird Island (South Georgia)

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South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands

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	South Georgia Island Welcome
		· South Georgia, The Island of Whales and Whaling by G.D.Moir.
		Dartnall, H.J.G. and Heywood, R.B. The freshwater fauna of South Georgia.
		Hayward, R.J.C. (1983) Glacier fluctuations in South Georgia, 1883 - 1974.
	www.sgisland.org /pages/main/book.htm (2240 words)

	The Living Edens -- South Georgia Island -- Ice and Isolation
		South Georgia Island is isolated from the civilized world and trapped in the most cruel of climates, but it was destined for discovery.
		Some historians, particularly those supporting Argentina's claim to ownership of South Georgia, believe that de la Roche was wrong, and that he had in fact sighted Beauchene Island, 800 miles further west.
		Despite claiming South Georgia for Britain, Cook saw little potential for the island and the area south of it.
	www.pbs.org /edens/southgeorgia/unique.html (1376 words)

	South Georgia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		South Georgia is one of the most beautiful places on the planet.
		Officially a subantarctic island, but sharing many of the biological characteristics of Antarctica, South Georgia has no permanent inhabitants, can only be visited by ship, and is viewed by many who have been there as one of the most beautiful places on earth.
		South Georgia is home to some 300,000 elephant seals, millions of fur seals, and 25 species of breeding birds, including Wandering Albatrosses, colorful King Penguins and an estimated five million Macaroni Penguins.
	www.pacificislandtravel.com /south_america/antartica/southgeorgia.html (374 words)

	The Living Edens -- South Georgia Island -- Island Insights
		Southeast of the Falklands, South Georgia is lost in the midst of the Southern Ocean, one of the most remote regions on earth.
		South Georgia's climate is dominated by the freezing effects of the Antarctic continent 1,000 miles to the south.
		Despite its isolation, South Georgia is a vital breeding oasis for some of the greatest concentrations of wildlife on the planet.
	www.pbs.org /edens/southgeorgia/island.html (572 words)

	Bird Island
		Bird Island, Queensland is an island within the Whitsunday Islands, Australia.
		Bird Island is a city located on U.S. Highway 212 in Renville County, Minnesota about an hour and a half drive west of Minneapolis-St. Paul.
		The main focus of the research is the ecology and population of the island's seabirds and seals.
	www.artistbooking.com /trips/21/bird-island.html (832 words)

	SIGNIFICANCE OF STOMACH OIL FOR REPRODUCTION IN SEABIRDS: AN INTERSPECIES CROSS-FOSTERING EXPERIMENT
		On Bird Island, the nesting chronologies of Antarctic Prions and South Georgia Diving-Petrels are similar, an es- sential prerequisite for success of an interspecies nestling-fostering experiment.
		South Georgia Diving-Petrel nestlings nor- mally are brooded continuously by their parents for 6 to 8 days posthatching, and Antarctic Prion nest- lings are brooded continuously for only 0 to 3 days (Ricklefs and Roby 1983).
		We conducted an interspecies cross-fostering experiment on Bird Island, South Georgia, that was designed to reveal how the presence or absence of stomach oil in meals fed to young seabirds influences their growth, development, and survival.
	elibrary.unm.edu /sora/Auk/v114n04/p0725-p0736.html (12095 words)

	Bird Island, South Georgia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The island's northern coast consists mainly of sheer cliffs rising to 365 metres; the southern coast is more accessible with numerous beaches.
		There is no permanent snow or ice on the island; the yearly temperature range is from -10°C to 10°C. The first permanent hut at Bird Island was established in 1958 by the Falkland Islands Government.
		Bird Island has a rich diversity of wildlife and is afforded special protection as a Site of Special Scientific Interest.
	www.antarctica.ac.uk /Living_and_Working/Stations/Bird_Island/index.php (463 words)

	South Georgia, South Atlantic Ocean
		South Georgia is an island lying on the Scotia Arc in the South Atlantic Ocean located at 37° West, 54.5° South, about 1,300 Km East-South-East of the Falkland Islands.
		In the South Atlantic, the only visible evidence of this substantial feature are the volcanic islands of Ascension, St Helena and Tristan da Cunha.
		Nearly two hundred islands lay scattered to the east and south of Latin America.These islands, which include South Georgia, were mainly discovered and charted by British navigators, and form part of the Scotia Arc which extends from the Andes to the Antarctic continent.
	www.btinternet.com /~sa_sa/south_georgia/south_georgia.html (409 words)

	Bird Island - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Bird Island (Namibia), an artificial island in Walvis Bay.
		Bird Island (Massachusetts) is an island in Buzzards Bay with a lighthouse.
		Bird Island (Fox Islands) is an island in the Fox Islands group of the Aleutian Islands, Alaska, U.S. Bird Island, Lake Zway is located in Ethiopia.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bird_Island (194 words)

	South Georgia Island - Wikitravel
		South Georgia Island [1] is a sub-Antarctic island administered by the United Kingdom as part of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands.
		This island is a paradise for wildlife lovers, with literally millions and millions of animals going about their lives with little concern for the handful of humans that occasionally appear.
		Bird Island is currently closed to all tourism and operates as a research area for the British Antarctic Survey.
	wikitravel.org /en/South_Georgia (1047 words)

	South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands. The World Factbook. 2003
		The islands lie approximately 1,000 km east of the Falkland Islands and have been under British administration since 1908, except for a brief period in 1982 when Argentina occupied them.
		Grytviken, on South Georgia, was a 19th and early 20th century whaling station.
		The islands have large bird and seal populations, and, recognizing the importance of preserving the marine stocks in adjacent waters, the UK, in 1993, extended the exclusive fishing zone from 12 NM to 200 NM around each island.
	www.bartleby.com /151/sx.html (621 words)

	My UFO Blog: South Georgia Island
		There is no permanent human base on South Georgia Island, a British territory in the South Atlantic Ocean that lies about 800 miles east of the Falkland Islands.
		South Georgia Island is notable on several fronts.
		The first recorded explorer to land on the island was Captain James Cook aboard the HMS Resolution in 1775.
	www.myufo.com /2006/05/south_georgia_island.html (301 words)

	Wildlife News: Penguins weigh in
		The BAS long-term monitoring studies at Bird Island show that population may have halved since 1976 and scientists are keen to understand why this has happened.
		The research carried out by BAS at Bird Island on seals, albatross and penguins form the basis for monitoring the Southern Ocean ecosystem.
		South Georgia is a UK Overseas Territory in the Southern Ocean about 8,000 miles from Britain, between latitudes 53° 56’, 54° 55’S and longitudes 34° 45’ and 38° 15’W. acaroni penguins are 71 cm (2’4") tall.
	www.wildlifenews.co.uk /article/August221999c.htm (792 words)

	Killer Whale Predation on Sea Otters Linking Oceanic and Nearshore Ecosystems
		Elephant Island is part of the South Shetland Islands north of the Antarctic Peninsula and is the largest island near the Seal Islands Archipelego.
		Several lines of evidence are consistent with the hypothesis that leopard seal predators limit the growth of the fur seal population in the Elephant Island area and perhaps in the broader population in the South Shetland Islands (Boveng, et.
		In the South Shetland Islands they are recovering from exploitation more slowly than the main population at South Georgia which is located approximately 1300 km ENE of Elephant Island.
	kingfish.coastal.edu /marine/375/f2000hesg.htm (1692 words)

	EO Newsroom: New Images - South Georgia Island
		There is no permanent human base on South Georgia Island, a British territory in the South Atlantic Ocean that lies 1,300 kilometers east of the Falkland Islands.
		Early in the 20th century, the island figured prominently in Sir Earnest Shackleton’s famous expedition to the Antarctic.
		When his ship the Endurance became trapped in the Weddell Sea, Shackleton sailed back to the southern coast of South Georgia in 1916, scaled the steep mountain spine of the island, tumbled in to the whaling station Stromness (located just west of this image) and went on to rescue his crew.
	earthobservatory.nasa.gov /Newsroom/NewImages/images.php3?img_id=17063 (431 words)

	Itinerary - South Georgia
		We have reached the most southern point of South Georgia (54°50 South, 35°45 West) - the coast is exposed to heavy storms and therefore consists of high cliffs and deep fjords.
		The most active and spectacular of all glaciers of South Georgia - the sea is covered by ice and ice bergs - the iceberg calving produces tremendous noise and reminds us of the immense natural force involved with this spectacle - blue-eyed cormorant colony.
		TREKKING: we observe the king penguin colony at Royal Bay and continue in westerly direction towards St. Andrews Bay - the path is rocky - we reach a plateau and have a magnificent view of the huge colonies of Royal Bay and St. Andrews Bay.
	www.sarahvorwerk.com /itinerary_south-georgia.htm (593 words)

	Species Profiles — OBIS-SEAMAP (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		It is somewhat inflated on the top in South American fur seals giving the end of the muzzle a slight upturned look, and somewhat larger in front and slightly-drooping in adult male New Zealand fur seals.
		Antarctic fur seals are widely-distributed in waters south, and in some areas slightly north, of the Antarctic Convergence.
		Males and subadults occur south to the edge of the consolidated pack ice, and can be found hauled-out on sea ice.
	seamap.env.duke.edu /species/tsn/180630 (2316 words)

	Transform and Subduction Tectonics Along the Macquarie Ridge
		It is situated on the biggest sandy beach on the island that climbs to tussock-covered dunes to the east.
		Macquarie Island is home to four species of albatross, one of which is the mighty wandering albatross, arguably the world's largest flying bird weighing in at 7 kilos with a 3.5 meter wingspan.
		The wandering albatross population is in decline world-wide, and this decline is glaringly apparent on Macquarie Island.
	www.ig.utexas.edu /research/projects/macquarie/field/big_white_bird.htm (1936 words)

	19th Century History of South Georgia, South Atlantic Ocean
		There were at least 17 other sealing expeditions on the island, and the Fur Seal population soon declined.
		James Weddell was relieved to arrive at South Georgia in the Jane and Beaufoy after his difficult voyage to the Weddell Sea in 1833.
		Whilst attempting to take a precision sighting of the sun on land, Weddell was astonished to be disturbed by a mild earthquake, causing him to postulate a geological relationship between South Georgia and South America.
	www.btinternet.com /~sa_sa/south_georgia/south_georgia_history_19.html (368 words)

	birding facts Birding Resources by the Fat Birder (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The bird life can be impressive and abundant in places and, of course, the penguins are a sight to behold.
		The most commonly sighted species of bird sighted by tourists during landings are penguins (Adelie, Gentoo, Chinstrap, and sometimes Emperor, rockhopper and Macaroni); Sheathbills and Skua.
		The trip was a great success, on the Sub Antarctic/Antarctic leg recording 8 species of penguin including an extraordinary encounter on the sea ice at 78¢ª South with a group of 40 Emperor Penguins, preparing to start the long march to their breeding grounds.
	www.fatbirder.com /links_geo/antartica/index.html (1312 words)

	75 Degrees South: Bird Island and South Georgia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Bird Island is a small island just 5km long which lies off the west coast
		Some of these birds are 60 years old with wingspans of up to 3 metres!
		South Georgia was quieter and less smelly but still an incredible place.
	simonc.f2o.org /south/archives/000064.php (369 words)

	Zegrahm Expeditions - South Georgia cruise: Summary
		The island of South Georgia, famous for its association with the Shacklelton expedition, boasts dramatic scenery and profuse wildlife, its shores and iceberg-dotted bays home to the world’s greatest concentration of animals.
		By the time we arrived at Stromness, the shambolic remains of the old whaling station were already plunged into the shadow of the surrounding mountains.
		The sun had vanished over the spiky backbone of South Georgia, and a cold wind gusted along the valley from the glaciers and ice fields inland.
	www.zeco.com /destinations/south-georgia-cruise.asp (351 words)

	Antarctica - 1999 A Birding Trip
		The next two days were some of the best pelagic birding of the trip as we sailed west along the Antarctic Convergence toward the Falkland Islands.
		The center bird, a mature Wandering Albatross with a blue paint strip on the breast, followed the boat for some time.
		On return, I made an inquiry on the internet and learned that the BAS (British Antarctica Survey) on Bird Island in South Georgia mark birds after they have been ringed and measured so as to not have to disturb the bird again.
	www.neseabirds.com /Antarctica/ant994.htm (1288 words)

	South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands - Map - Geography
		South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands - Map - Geography
		Southern South America, islands in the South Atlantic Ocean, east of the tip of South America
		the north coast of South Georgia has several large bays, which provide good anchorage; reindeer, introduced early in the 20th century, live on South Georgia
	www.exxun.com /SouthGeorgiaSouthSandwichIs/b_mp.html (437 words)

	Chlamydophila abortus in a Brown Skua (Catharacta antarctica lonnbergi) from a Subantarctic Island -- Herrmann et al. ...
		Chlamydophila abortus in a Brown Skua (Catharacta antarctica lonnbergi) from a Subantarctic Island -- Herrmann et al.
		Chlamydophila abortus in a Brown Skua (Catharacta antarctica lonnbergi) from a Subantarctic Island
		Birds of South Georgia: new records and re-evaluations of status.
	aem.asm.org /cgi/content/full/66/8/3654 (1447 words)

	South Georgia, South Sandwich Islands, Antarctic scientific investigation, Antarctic whales,King, Adelie, Gentoo, ...
		South Georgia, South Sandwich Islands, Antarctic scientific investigation, Antarctic whales,King, Adelie, Gentoo, Chinstrap, Magellanic, Macaroni and Rockhopper penguins, Antarctic Giant-Petrel, Cape Petrel, the elegant Snow Petrel, Antarctic and Slender-billed prions, Wilson's Storm-Petrel, Snowy Sheathbill
		South Georgia is lost in the midst of the Southern
		Island was established in 1958 by the Falkland Islands
	www.victory-cruises.com /south_georgia_news.html (8726 words)

	Inter Research » MEPS » v204 » p279-288 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Size of the activity range in addition to speed and distance covered on foraging trips were similar between the species, but were lower for males than for females in both species.
		Interspecific and intersexual competition may be reduced by the limited overlap in the at-sea range, with southern giant petrels foraging further south than did northern giant petrels, and females further west than males, suggesting some spatial partitioning in foraging areas.
		Male northern giant petrels foraged almost exclusively on the South Georgia coast; their strong dependence during the brooding and chick-rearing period on Antarctic fur seals, whose population has increased exponentially in recent years, may be reflected in the recent population increase of northern giant petrels at South Georgia.
	www.int-res.com /abstracts/meps/v204/p279-288 (373 words)

	South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
		The islands, which have large bird and seal populations, lie approximately 1,000 km east of the Falkland Islands and have been under British administration since 1908 - except for a brief period in 1982 when Argentina occupied them.
		Recognizing the importance of preserving the marine stocks in adjacent waters, the UK, in 1993, extended the exclusive fishing zone from 12 nm to 200 nm around each island.
		Argentina, which claims the islands in its constitution and briefly occupied the islands by force in 1982, agreed in 1995 to no longer seek settlement by force
	www.indexmundi.com /south_georgia_and_the_south_sandwich_islands (564 words)

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