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Topic: Birendra

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	CNN.com - The late King Birendra of Nepal - April 23, 2002
		Birendra was described by the international press as an absolute ruler during the years from his acession in 1972 to 1990, when a popular movement spearheaded by various political parties forced him to accept a new constitution acknowledging the supremacy of parliament.
		Birendra himself resented being called an absolute ruler and maintained that he presided over a democracy, although one in which representatives to the assembly were indirectly elected.
		Birendra was a traditional monarch even with reduced powers, still surrounding himself with elaborate protocol, retaining an important religious role, and keeping well away from the press.
	archives.cnn.com /2001/WORLD/asiapcf/south/06/05/nepal.birendra.profile (513 words)

	BIOGRAPHY OF KING BIRENDRA BIR BIKRAM SAHADEV (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Generally seen as a benevolent monarch, King Birendra ruled absolutely for 18 years before the people's movement of 1990 convinced him to lift the ban on political parties and hand over sovereignty to the people.
		Earlier in 2036 B.S after a student s' campaign crippled the nation; the king showed he had democratic credentials by ordering a general referendum on the Panchayat system in which the voters were free to choose between a reformed Panchayat and multiparty democracy.
		In the 10 years since democracy firm returned to Nepal in 1990 King Birendra has remained one of the few personalities who has stuck closely to the letter and sprit of the constitution further bolstering his democratic credentials.
	www.nepalhomepage.com /news/century_poll/english/birendra.html (178 words)

	Birendra Of Nepal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Nepal has been in turmoil since Gyanendra assumed the crown in 2001 after his brother, King Birendra, was gunned down in a palace massacre apparently committed...
		Birendra (December 28, 1945 - June 1, 2001) was king of Nepal from 1972 until 2001, and the son of King Mahendra, whom he succeeded.
		He was more open to parliamentary democracy than his father, and restored it after a referendum in 1990.
	birendra-of-nepal.wikiverse.org (254 words)

	A new royal role
		Indeed, King Birendra has retreated behind the gates of the Narayanhiti Royal Palace, shutting himself off from all activities that could make a positive difference to the lives of Nepalis who are caught in the throes of modernisation and jolted by social and economic upheavals.
		King Birendra, who was both the fount and executor of all power in those decisive years, must be considered responsible for the lost decades, and for its legacy today.
		In each of these actions, King Birendra’s leadership was marked by an inability to stay the course, a tendency to waver at the insistence of family members and the royal palace secretaries, and tolerating the notoriously opportunistic politicians of the Panchayat system.
	www.himalmag.com /00Jan/royal.htm (1961 words)

	Guardian Unlimited \| Archive Search
		Birendra's wife, Queen Aiswarya Rajya Lakshmi, four years younger than her 55-year-old husband and killed along with him and six other members of the royal family, shared some of the great respect he enjoyed.
		Birendra received his early schooling at Darjeeling in India, and then went to Eton from 1959 to 1964.
		Birendra's response to this challenge was to announce a referendum to decide between a non-party and a multi-party system.
	www.guardian.co.uk /Archive/Article/0,4273,4197362,00.html (797 words)

	Encyclopedia: Dipendra of Nepal
		Among the dead were his father (His Majesty King Birendra), mother, brother, and sister.
		Wounded Birendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev (December 28, 1945 - June 1, 2001) was king of Nepal from 1972 until 2001, and the son of King Mahendra, whom he succeeded.
		Princess Shruti or Sruti (October 15, 1976 - June 1, 2001) was the youngest daughter of King Birendra and Queen Aiswarya of Nepal and sister of Crown Prince Dipendra and Prince Nirajan.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Dipendra-of-Nepal (1221 words)

	rediff.com: King Birendra: A visionary and friend of India: PTI (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Nepal's King Birendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev, shot dead by his son, along with his wife and some other royal family members on Friday night, was a visionary who firmly believed in close and cordial relations with India and other South Asian neighbours.
		Born on December 28, 1945 to King Mahendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev and Indra Rajya Lakshmi Devi Shah, Birendra's early education was done at St Joseph's School in Darjeeling, followed by years at Eton College in Britain, the University of Tokyo in Japan and Harvard University of the United States.
		Birendra, who played an active role in the establishment of the South Asian Association for Regional Co-operation, ascended the throne on January 31, 1972, following the death of his father and ruled Nepal for three decades, first as absolute monarch and from 1990 as constitutional monarch.
	www.rediff.com /news/2001/jun/02nep.htm (583 words)

	Netguruindia News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		June 16: The assassinated King Birendra had a running tiff with the Royal Army generals on the attitude towards the armed militants owing allegiance to the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist).
		Birendra showed pragmatism in realising that the " Maoist uprising is drawing strength from a number of different directions, most importantly the demand of the rural population for land and development, the demand of women for equality, and the demand of millions of Nepalese for democracy and independence", she stated.
		Birendra -- as well as the ruling Nepalese Congress Party -- have had long standing ties with and backing from the Indian power structure," the US Maoist scribe wrote.
	www.netguruindia.com /news/Jun01/17/NAT1.html (624 words)

	Nepali Times News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Even though the constitution had taken away his executive powers, King Birendra’s standing among Nepalis grew enormously, because he played the role of constitutional monarch by the book, never overstepping his bounds and preferring to be guarded, despite pressure from hardliners to resume his previous autocratic role.
		King Birendra erred on the side of cautiousness, as shown by his asking the Supreme Court for advice on the constitutional crisis caused by the dissolution of parliament in 1994 and 1995 on the recommendation of prime ministers Girija Koirala and Man Mohan Adhikary respectively.
		King Birendra did not make his views known, but it is clear he was worried that the army would be sucked into a wider civil war.
	www.nepalnews.com.np /ntimes/june6-2001/obituary.htm (1291 words)

	Indo-Asian News Service ->South Asa/Society-> Photographs bring world of King Birendra flooding back (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		The photographs of Birendra and his family, which were displayed at an exhibition here Friday, were taken by his royal physician during a 30-year-stint at the palace.
		If the leaders of the present political parties were even one-tenth as faithful to the Constitution as King Birendra, the country would have been in a better position today, said Tara Bahadur Thapa, an aide-de-camp to the late monarch.
		Birendra, who married Aishwarya in February 1971, was crowned to the throne January 31, 1972, after the sudden death of his father, King Mahendra.
	www.newsindia-times.com /2002/06/01/01birendra.html (678 words)

	Indiainfo.com -> News -> South Asia -> King Birendra was a friend of Democracy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Kathmandu: King Birendra, assassinated along with his wife in a family quarrel, was probably the most respected of all monarchs in the Himalayan kingdom of Nepal and was seen as a friend of India and democracy.
		King Birendra ascended the throne on January 31, 1972, after the death of his father King Mahendra, who became the ruler in March 1955 and quickly outlawed all political parties and groups.
		King Birendra was born on the December 28, 1945, at Kathmandu's Narayan Hity Royal Palace.
	newsarchives.indiainfo.com /2001/06/02/02birendra.html (555 words)

	Nepal - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Nepal
		His son Birendra, faced with mounting agitation for political reform led by B P Koirala, held a referendum on the constitution.
		On 1 June 2001, King Birendra of Nepal and seven other members of the royal family were shot dead by Crown Prince Dipendra.
		Gyanendra, Birendra's brother, was crowned in the capital, Kathmandu, and promised a full inquiry into the massacre.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Nepal (2056 words)

	Headline News The Rising Nepal (Daily) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		In the past decade since the establishment of multi-party democracy and he was declared a Constitutional Monarch, King Birendra dutifully abided by his new role and became an inspiration to all for the consolidation of democracy.
		The funeral pyre of His late Majesty was towards the northern side of the Aryaghat, that of Her Majesty the Queen at the middle and that of HRH Prince Nirajan at the southern side of Aryaghat.
		Around the Birendra Military Hospital complex where the dead bodies lay, roof-tops of houses were filled with people and thousands of men and women had gathered onto the streets with broken hearts.
	www.nepalnews.com.np /contents/englishdaily/trn/2001/jun/jun03/index.htm (2519 words)

	COVER STORY (Spotlight Weekly) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Under Article 34 (5) of the Constitution of the Kingdom of Nepal 1990, a meeting of the Raj Parishad was convened and the council confirmed the demise of the King Dipendra.
		A monarch who ascended the throne at the age of 28, King Birendra’s reign came to an end at the age of 56, having established a reputation well beyond his country as a mature leader.
		Although King Birendra and his family members died in an accident at the Narayanhity palace, nobody knows the exact cause of the deaths that took place during a family dinner or who killed them.
	www.nepalnews.com.np /contents/englishweekly/spotlight/2001/jun/jun08/coverstory.htm (2057 words)

	Nepal (Friedensratschlag)
		Birendra Bir Bikram Shah bestieg 1972 den Thron des Himalaya-Königreichs Nepal.
		Traditionell nahm Birendra damals auch den Titel «Dev», Gott, in seinen Namen auf.
		König Birendra behielt das Recht, den Notstand auszurufen, von dem er allerdings keinen Gebrauch machte.
	www.uni-kassel.de /fb5/frieden/regionen/Nepal/birendra.html (450 words)

	Birendra, King Biography / Biography of Birendra, King Biography Biography
		Coming to the throne of Nepal at the age of 27 King Birendra (born 1945) sought to emphasize economic development and a decentralization of authority.
		King Birendra (Bir Bikram Shah Dev) of Nepal was born on December 28, 1945, the eldest son of King Mahendra and Queen Indra.
		Birendra was born while the Rana family still dominated the government of Nepal and the royal family was kept under strict surveillence.
	www.bookrags.com /biography-birendra-king/index.html (244 words)

	About Nepal - King Birendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev- December 28 1945 - June 1 2001 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		The king was a popular figure in the villages of Nepal But by the 1980s, the restraints imposed on political organisations were starting to ease and liberal student-led groups were starting to spring up demanding constitutional change in Nepal.
		Born in Kathmandu in 1945, King Birendra was the first of Nepal's monarchs to get a formal education.
		A soft-spoken man with glasses and a moustache, King Birendra was 10th in his line to rule Nepal and considered by some to be an incarnation of the Hindu god Vishnu.
	www.manitara.com /timeline/aboutnepal/kingbirendra.htm (700 words)

	RAOnline Reports on Nepal - The Royal Tragedy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		The king pushed for friendly ties with immediate neighbours China and India.King Birendra's love for his country and people was openly displayed in his numerous visits to different parts of the kingdom.The king, a paratrooper and an experienced helicopter pilot, had flown or travelled by foot to many parts of the country.
		He also represented His Late Majesty King Birendra at the funeral of the father of His Majesty King Juan Carlos of Spain in 1993, at the funeral of the Belgian King in 1993 and at the wedding of His Majesty King Letsie III of Lesotho.
		His Late Majesty King Birendra was married to Her Majesty Queen Aishwarya Rajya Laxmi Devi Shah and was declared Heir-Apparent to the throne of Kingdom of Nepal, in 1970.
	mypage.bluewindow.ch /raonline/pages/story/np/npstory22c.html (1274 words)

	The Kathmandu Post (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		He also had a strong interest in developing the nation, proved by the fact that he was instrumental in demarcating the kingdom into five development regions and regularly visited all the regions, he said.
		During the celebrations of King Birendra’s 25 years of ascension to the throne, the monarch perhaps harboured a wish, said Prof.
		For instance, Thakur Prasad Mainali, a social worker who was long- associated with King Birendra’s pet projects, narrated an incident when the King, while visiting an office, suddenly got hold of a stool on which the peon of the office was standing to hang a picture on the wall.
	www.kantipuronline.com /archive/kpost/2002-6-3/kp_valnation.htm (3739 words)

	National 2 (Spotlight Weekly) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		After the mysterious killings of nine members of King Birendra’s family on 1 June 2001, Nepal has been passing through a very critical phase in its history – amid the intensification of insurgency and political instability.
		When King Birendra – then a young crown prince – was declared as the King of Nepal in 1972, he had inherited a party-less Panchayat system with centralization of authority.
		The death of King Birendra on June 1, 2001 ended an era of relatively stable Nepal.
	www.nepalnews.com.np /contents/englishweekly/spotlight/2004/jun/jun04/national2.htm (816 words)

	Hinduism Today \| Nepal \| September/October 2001
		I could have borne the pain of my parents' death, but cannot bear this one." The Telegraph Weekly, published from Nepal wrote, "The weeping children, the weeping women and the weeping youths who were in scores perhaps all felt that their one real guardian from amidst them has left for his heavenly abode.
		Following Hindu tradition, the ashes from the funeral pyre of late King Birendra, late King Dipendra and late Queen Aishwarya were brought from Kathmandu to the historic Shah dynasty palace and the temples of Goddess Gorakhkali and Baba Gorakhnath in Gorkha, nearly 150 kilometers west of Kathmandu.
		Birendra was indeed the tenth generation after King Prithvi Narayan Shah, and Dipendra the eleventh.
	www.hinduismtoday.com /archives/2001/9-10/18-25_nepal.shtml (3502 words)

	The Kathmandu Post (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		What flashed through my mind repeatedly were the moments of my encounter with late King Birendra during good and difficult times, on ceremonial and sober occasions and the few social encounters in which late King Birendra was always on the side of dignity and maturity.
		King Birendra with a dignified regal look and a smile on his face (a pipe in his hand), said, "I responded to the wishes of the people.
		I left the room overwhelmed and confident that King Birendra was just as comfortable with the changes and the new equation between the Monarchy and the people was firmly in place.
	www.kantipuronline.com /archive/kpost/2002-6-2/kp_sundaypost.htm (2330 words)

	Birendra Singh Profile. Barking and Dagenham.
		Birendra joined the Community Inspection and Advisory Service (CIAS) as General Inspector for Science in 1997.
		In addition to his work as General Inspector for science, Birendra has developed courses for teachers both in subject knowledge and in pedagogy in science.
		In his leisure time Birendra enjoys current affairs and is a keen Badminton player.
	www.barking-dagenham.gov.uk /profiles/cias-birendra-singh.html (110 words)

	Birendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Birendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Upon the death of his father, King Mahendra, on Jan. 31, 1972, Birendra acceded to the throne.
		More results on "Birendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev" when you join.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9384085?tocId=9384085 (823 words)

	:: Welcome to Manila Bulletin Online ::
		Seen as a benevolent monarch, King Birendra ruled Nepal for 18 years (1972-1990) before the people’s movement of 1990 convinced him to lift the ban on political parties and hand over sovereignty to the people.
		As a result, the first free election in three decades was held and assigned a new role for King Birendra as a constitutional monarch.
		King Birendra promulgated a new Constitution and introduced a multiparty parliamentary democracy in Nepal.
	www.mb.com.ph /issues/2004/12/28/OPED2004122825275.html (301 words)

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