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	Birendra, King Biography \| Encyclopedia of World Biography
		King Birendra (Bir Bikram Shah Dev) of Nepal was born on December 28, 1945, the eldest son of King Mahendra and Queen Indra.
		Birendra's formal education, for instance, was in prestigious schools outside Nepal: St. Joseph's in Darjeeling, India; Eton in England; Harvard University; and the University of Tokyo.
		Birendra's announcement of his intention to introduce a substantive decentralization program which would transfer decision-making authority on many important issues from the Kathmandu bureaucracy to local and regional elected officials had the potential to be an important step in meeting some of Nepal's basic political, social, and economic problems.
	www.bookrags.com /biography/birendra-king (1027 words)

	Guardian Unlimited \| Obituaries \| Obituary: King Birendra of Nepal
		Birendra's wife, Queen Aiswarya Rajya Lakshmi, four years younger than her 55-year-old husband and killed along with him and six other members of the royal family, shared some of the great respect he enjoyed.
		Birendra's response to this challenge was to announce a referendum to decide between a non-party and a multi-party system.
		Birendra's younger brother, Prince Gyanendra, is the Regent.
	www.guardian.co.uk /obituaries/story/0,3604,500811,00.html (797 words)

	BIOGRAPHY OF KING BIRENDRA BIR BIKRAM SAHADEV (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Generally seen as a benevolent monarch, King Birendra ruled absolutely for 18 years before the people's movement of 1990 convinced him to lift the ban on political parties and hand over sovereignty to the people.
		Nepal today is an infant but vibrant democracy thanks to king Birendra 's wise decision - a direct result of the people 's movement spearheaded by the Nepali congress and communist forces.
		In the 10 years since democracy firm returned to Nepal in 1990 King Birendra has remained one of the few personalities who has stuck closely to the letter and sprit of the constitution further bolstering his democratic credentials.
	www.nepalhomepage.com /news/century_poll/english/birendra.html (178 words)

	Features (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		King Birendra of Nepal visited Thimphu as the Chairman of SARRC and the King of Bhutan came to Kathmandu as one of the seven participants in the SAARC summit.
		Nepal's initial response to the Bhutanese move was too direct and offensive, which, in turn, further distanced the newly restored democratic regime in Nepal from the Bhutanese regime then acting in paranoia.
		For Nepal, the worst possible scenario is an increase of population and its attending impacts on the Nepali nation as a whole.
	www.nepalicongress.org.np /contents/features/nav.php?show=bhutanese (7583 words)

	A new royal role
		King Birendra, who was both the fount and executor of all power in those decisive years, must be considered responsible for the lost decades, and for its legacy today.
		In each of these actions, King Birendra’s leadership was marked by an inability to stay the course, a tendency to waver at the insistence of family members and the royal palace secretaries, and tolerating the notoriously opportunistic politicians of the Panchayat system.
		Nepal’s political parties after the restoration of democracy may not have been able to inspire confidence in the people, but there is no alternative to the 1990 Constitution.
	www.himalmag.com /00Jan/royal.htm (1961 words)

	Nepal - FOREIGN POLICY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		At the 1973 summit of the Nonaligned Movement in Algiers, King Birendra proposed that "Nepal, situated between two of the most populous countries of the world, wishes her frontiers to be declared a zone of peace." In Birendra's 1975 coronation address, he formally asked other countries to endorse his proposal.
		Nepal was an active member of the United Nations (UN) and participated in a number of its specialized agencies.
		Nepal also was a founding member of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) and had successfully negotiated several bilateral and multilateral economic, cultural, and technical assistance programs.
	countrystudies.us /nepal/64.htm (421 words)

	[No title]
		Nepal is best known as the home of Mount Everest but there is must more to be country than just one mountain, albeit the highest mountain on earth.
		Nepal - a country with a long historical tradition is an amalgamation of a number of medieval principalities.
		Nepal with its high mountains and beautiful scenic countryside is known as "Helicopter Country." The helicopter services industry in Nepal is now well established with many types and categories of helicopters.
	www.peacenepaltreks.com /nepal.htm (1142 words)

	Nepal general
		On Nepal’s northern border with Tibet rises the mighty 8,848 meter Sagarmata - Qomolangma in Tibetan - the mountain named, in English, after the head of the Trigonometrical Survey of India of 1849: one Sir George Everest.
		Nepal’s King, Birendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev, is regarded by his subjects as the avatar of Lord Visnu.
		In Nepal, potters still ply their trade in the lanes and squares of Bhaktapur, a virgin goddess smiles at her devotees gathered in an ancient courtyard, animals are butchered and skinned not in sterile abattoirs but in the temples of Maha Kali, the Mother Goddess.
	www.gaiatravel.com /nepal/nepaltours.html (440 words)

	rediff.com: Love triggers massacre in Nepal's royal family (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Nepal's King Birendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev, Queen Aiswarya, Prince Niranjan and Princess Shruti, along with eight others, were shot dead by Crown Prince Dipendra after a dispute over his marriage in Kathmandu late on Friday night.
		Born on December 28, 1945 at the same palace where he was assassinated, Birendra was also educated at Eton, besides the University of Tokyo and Harvard University.
		The massacre comes at a time of political woes in Nepal, as Opposition parties have been demanding Koirala's resignation for his government's alleged role in a bribery scandal and for not quelling a Maoist insurgency.
	www.rediff.com /news/2001/jun/02nep2.htm (714 words)

	Worldandnation: Nepal's royals slain at palace
		In a wholesale killing of royalty not seen since the deaths of the last czar of Russia and his family in 1918, the king of Nepal and at least a dozen relatives were reported shot to death Friday night at their palace.
		Nepal, the world's only Hindu kingdom, experienced a huge political upheaval in 1990 when a democracy movement threatened the future of the monarchy, but stopped short of forcing the abdication of the king, who was widely accepted by Nepalis to be a reincarnation of the god Vishnu.
		King Birendra, educated at Harvard, was heir to a royal family that had ruled Nepal, a country of 25-million, off and on since the 1770s.
	www.sptimes.com /News/060201/Worldandnation/Nepal_s_royals_slain_.shtml (866 words)

	AsianWeek.com: Opinion: Nepal: Intrigue and Insurgency
		Nepal’s Maoist uprising is drawing strength from a number of different directions, most importantly the demand of the rural population for land and development, women for equality, and millions of Nepalis for democracy and independence.
		This was the setting — in February 1996 —; for the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) to launch its “people’s war” to “surround the cities and seize power.” After five years, as many as 2,000 people have died in the fighting, which has hit almost all of Nepal’s 75 districts.
		Nepal is one of the poorest and most undeveloped countries in the world, and living conditions are extremely primitive even by Third World standards.
	www.asianweek.com /2001_07_06/opinion3_voices_nepal.html (1048 words)

	Nepal - King Birendra
		On May 24, 1979, King Birendra announced on Radio Nepal that there would be a national referendum in the near future, during which the people could decide to support or reject the panchayat system of government.
		Aside from pro-Moscow factions of the Communist Party of Nepal and a "Group of 38" from the Nepali Congress, political parties rejected the amended constitution and refused to participate in the elections.
		The king was achieving a higher profile in international affairs, canvassing widespread support for the declaration of Nepal as a zone of peace and participating in the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC).
	countrystudies.us /nepal/20.htm (1072 words)

	King Birendra (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		King Birendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev was born on 28 December 1945 and was declared the Heir-Apparent to the throne of the Kingdom of Nepal on 17 March 1970.
		He ruled Nepal absolutely for 18 years (from 1972-1990) and justified all of his political decisions by asserting that the poor people of Nepal could not afford a multi-party democracy but instead needed a firm and decisive government.
		Birendra’s other brother, Gyanendra did not attend the fatal dinner and was crowned as Nepal’s new King three days later.
	www.mtholyoke.edu /~lbwessle/kingbirendra.html (294 words)

	Birendra of Nepal - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Birendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev, King of Nepal (विरेन्द्र वीर विक्रम शाह देव) (December 28, 1945 – June 1, 2001) was king of Nepal from 1972 until 2001, and the son of King Mahendra, whom he succeeded.
		He was made a British Field Marshal in 1980.
		Nepal's stability was threatened even more when he and most of his family (including Queen Aiswarya) were killed under suspicious circumstances, purportedly by his eldest son and heir, Dipendra.People's movement in April 2006 has given a new direction to the politics and conflict of the Nation.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Birendra_of_Nepal (203 words)

	Neighbours: Nepal: Mending Fences
		This week's visit by Nepal's King Birendra Bikram Shah and Queen Aishwariya as chief guests to the 49th Republic Day celebrations, the first by any South Asian head of state, is important.
		Indian Ambassador to Nepal K.V. Rajan says, "The Nepalese see this as a major gesture of goodwill by India." India's relations with the Nepalese monarchy which soured in the 1950s has remained indifferent through much of the past 30 years.
		Indian officials say that the difficulties arising out of Nepal's claim to the Kalapani area, at the very source of the river, are likely to be sorted out "in the course of time".
	www.india-today.com /itoday/01021999/nepal.html (483 words)

	CHAOS IN KATMANDU- by Justin Raimondo
		Nepal is a small country, we are a small party — but we have a big perspective.
		n Nepal, the main opposition party is the United Marxist Leninists (UML), who won a large number of votes in the last election and were once, briefly, the ruling party: this is the "very big revisionist party" Comrade Prachanda refers to.
		f Nepal is to be used as a base of operations for the destabilization of China, then the success of the Maoist rebels — who resemble the fanatical Sendero Luminoso (Shining Path) of Peru in both their ideology and their ferocity — is key.
	www.antiwar.com /justin/?articleid=3172 (2405 words)

	The Hindu : The tragedy in Nepal
		THE MACABRE MASSACRE of King Birendra of Nepal and several other ranking scions of the royal order, including Queen Aishwarya, has left the constitutional monarchy of the poor Himalayan state in utter disarray.
		This was particularly significant in the context of his earlier penchant for not only a large dose of absolute monarchy but also the panchayat system of governance which could at best be regarded only as a half-way step towards modern democracy of a non- ideological kind.
		Nepal's internal political problems in the ongoing democratic era have often been heightened by deep ideological contentions over basic policy issues.
	www.hinduonnet.com /2001/06/04/stories/05042511.htm (681 words)

	julyaug01
		But Nepal’s Constitution gives the King supreme command of the army and the power to appoint its commander in chief, while the police forces are under the command of the ruling government.
		The Maoists in Nepal see the development of “base areas” as a strategic part of eventually being able to “surround the cities and seize power.” In these areas, the guerrillas are constructing the outlines of the new society they hope to build if they succeed in overthrowing the government.
		The Maoists in Nepal have a big vision—wherever I went, people in the guerrilla zones emphasized how they see their struggle as part of the “world revolution.” Prachanda told me, “Nepal is a small country, we are a small party.
	www.zmag.org /ZMag/articles/jul01onesto.htm (3167 words)

	Salon.com News \| Murder and intrigue in Kathmandu
		For most Americans, Nepal holds two dubious distinctions: It's the staging ground for an endless parade of ego-serving expeditions up Mount Everest; and its photogenic capital, Kathmandu, served as a fabled haunt for the nomadic hash hounds of the 1960s.
		Nepal's current expatriate scene is huge and vibrant: a close-knit international society of scholars and artists, engineers and expedition leaders.
		Birendra was no Nelson Mandela, but he was a source of great stability.
	archive.salon.com /news/feature/2001/06/12/nepal (965 words)

	Dipendra of Nepal - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Dipendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev of Nepal (June 27, 1971 – June 4, 2001) was King of Nepal from June 1 to June 4, 2001.
		The Rana clan had served as the hereditary prime ministers of Nepal until 1951, with the title Maharaja, and the two clans had a long history of inter-marriages.
		Paras is extremely unpopular in Nepal because of a prior history of debauchery, including at least one incident of vehicular homicide for which he was never prosecuted.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Dipendra_of_Nepal (644 words)

	FreeNepal.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		In 1990, King Birendra of Nepal responded to a popular movement for democracy by becoming a constitutional monarch in a democratic Nepal.
		Nepal was further destabilized by a palace massacre in 2001 when Birendra was gunned down along with the rest of his immediate family, leaving his brother, Gyanendra, as heir to the throne.
		As of this writing, many political leaders and protesters remain in jail under other charges, Nepal has the greatest number of disappearances of any country in the world, and the people of Nepal continue to live in fear of both the rebels and the security forces as the violence continues.
	freenepal.org:8080 /FreeNepal/action/welcome.do (540 words)

	CBC News Indepth: Nepal
		Modern Nepal was established in the mid-18th century, when Prithvi Narayan Shah, the leader of one of the smaller principalities, conquered Kathmandu and unified many of the surrounding states.
		The U.S. and other Western nations urged the king to begin dialogue with Nepal's political parties, saying it is the best way to deal with both the political unrest and the Maoist rebellion.
		On May 18, 2006, Nepal's parliament voted unanimously to strip King Gyanendra of his powers and transform the kingdom into a secular constitutional monarchy.
	www.cbc.ca /news/background/nepal (915 words)

	Nepal what next?
		Though there were rumours in the past of his having secret links with the Maoists and of his wanting/trying to use them to weaken the traditional/mainstream political parties and thereby further strengthen the position of the royalty, these rumours were unsubstantiated.
		There is considerable concern in political and non-political circles in Kathmandu over the possibility of the Maoists taking advantage of the resulting uncertainty in the country, which is likely to continue until Gyanendra establishes himself firmly with a satisfactory working relationship with the Government and the political class.
		The Nepal Police, which till now has been mainly responsible for counter-insurgency operations against the Maoists, has had very little professional training in such operations and has a very weak intelligence collection capability.
	www.saag.org /papers3/paper252.html (1322 words)

	OnlineWomen: Nepal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Nepal is one of the poorest countries in the world.
		In 1951, the first of Nepal's post-Rana constitutions was proclaimed.
		Nepal has had three different kings in the space of four days.
	www.onlinewomeninpolitics.org /nepal/nepalmain.htm (765 words)

	Monthly Review June 2001 \| Commentary
		Nepal was unified in the late 18th century, and after a war with the British (who ruled adjoining India) terminated by treaty in 1816, became a sovereign but dependent nation.
		In Sikkim, a small state that adjoins Nepal to the east, India established a “protectorate” in 1950, and in 1973 the King was deposed in a coup crudely engineered by the Indian intelligence agency.
		Nepal has witnessed the direct influence of expansionist and imperialist powers ever since the death of the nationalist Bhimsen Thapa [1839] through the rise of the British Dog (description courtesy of Karl Marx) Jung Bahadur after the Kot massacre, and in each successive political change.
	www.monthlyreview.org /0601letter.htm (2865 words)

	Nepal — FactMonster.com
		In Nov. 1990, King Birendra promulgated a new constitution and introduced a multiparty parliamentary democracy in Nepal.
		The first civilizations in Nepal, which flourished around the 6th century B.C., were confined to the fertile Kathmandu Valley where the present-day capital of the same name is located.
		Though the successive dynasties of the Gopalas, the Kiratis, and the Licchavis expanded their rule, it was not until the reign of the Malla kings from 1200–1769 that Nepal assumed the approximate dimensions of the modern state.
	www.factmonster.com /ipka/A0107820.html (1037 words)

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