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	Birka - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Birka listen [▶], also Birca and Bierkø (today named Björkö, literally "Birch Island"), was an important trading center in the Baltic Sea region from the 8th century, which handled goods from Eastern Europe and the Orient, possibly as far as China, thus covering most of the Viking Age.
		The names in general use, Birca and Birka are the latinicised forms given in the sources.
		In the late 19th century, Hjalmar Stolpe, an entymologist by education, arrived on Birch Island to study fossilized insects found in amber on the island.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Birka (751 words)

	Birka en Hovgården -- Birka en Hovgården is één van de dertien monumenten op... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-20)
		Birka en Hovgården is één van de dertien monumenten op de Werelderfgoedlijst van de UNESCO in Zweden en is opgenomen op deze lijst in 1993, het is een cultuurerfgoed.
		Birka was de belangrijkste handelsplaats van de Vikingen en werd gesticht in 790 door een Vikingse koning.
		Hij was 1½ jaar in Birka, een enige inwoners lieten zich dopen, maar Birka werd nooit een christelijke stad.
	birka-en-hovgaarden.nl.tracking24.net (424 words)

	Birka - National Heritage Board
		Birka is today a popular site for excursions, where the archaeologists' continuing excavations provide insight into the daily life of the former Viking town.
		Birka was an important centre of trade for Northern Europe for 200 years.
		Archaeological material suggests that Birka was abandoned, and that people moved elsewhere, possibly to the town of Sigtuna which was founded by Erik Segersäll in AD 970.
	www.raa.se /birka_eng/index.asp (328 words)

	Birka: Trade Center and Gateway for Viking Age Sweden
		Birka boasted three harbors in its heyday, an artifical harbor to the west, and two natural ones on the northern coast: Kugghamn ("Cog-haven", after the Frisian sailing vessel called a "cog") and Korshamn ("cross-haven", probably originally Kornhamn or "corn-haven") in the east. Still further east, near a smaller town named Salvik (lit.
		Birka was one of the first true urban centers of the North, called portum regni ipsorum qui Birca dicitur by Rimbert in the 9th century.
		Birka did not end, as did Hedeby, in a blaze of fire, leaving a distinctive layer of ash to mark the town's end to the archaeologist's eye.
	www.vikinganswerlady.com /Birka.htm (2855 words)

	Birka and Hovgården - National Heritage Board
		Birka on the island of Björkö in Lake Mälaren was the centre of the prosperous Mälaren valley in the Viking Age.
		Birka was the first real town in Sweden, with about 700 inhabitants in its heyday.
		Birka's role was then taken over by Sigtuna, and the Viking town on Björkö was abandoned.
	www.raa.se /varveng/birkae.asp (474 words)

	What is Birka?
		Birka of central Sweden, the very Byrca of the medieval European chronichles, was founded along with other similar trading places in eastern and northern Europe, during the late 8th century.
		Birka comprised a strategically placed port of trade, in a secluded and secure bay midway in the Baltic, but still perfectly reachable for all kinds of eastern and western ships of trade.
		The commercial attraction of Birka was however so eminent to both the local "king" and his retinue, that they established a place and a harbour for their own private mercantile and representative reasons just across the narrow waters from Birka.
	home.swipnet.se /webart/birka/birke052.html (651 words)

	Birka's Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-20)
		Birka was 4 year old when she came to live with us as a friend for Questa, but she immediately made herself at home and became a much loved member of the family.
		She loved going for walks in the countryside and was second to none when it came to finding and chasing out the furry little creatures who live in the undergrowth.
		Birka was another âDaddyâs Girlâ who loved to cuddle up close and we had almost three happy years with her before she was suddenly taken from us with cancer of the liver.
	myweb.tiscali.co.uk /malenibo/page6.html (132 words)

	Birka at the Silkroad, the document
		Alas, Birka in central Sweden, "the town of the Vikings", might not have been inhabited by "Vikings" at all, in spite of the popular view, nor was it governed by the local "king" or his retinue.
		The marketing of Birka, as performed by the ideologists of its museum, shows a hardly digestible and even offensively ethnocentric (nationalistic-scandinavianistic, that is) interpretation of the role, development and ending of Birka.
		Birka is thus reduced to the private "souvenir boutique" of the local "king".
	home1.swipnet.se /~w-14723/birka/birke010.html (3500 words)

	Sweden, Birka and Hovgarden
		The city of Birka was founded in the 8th century on the island of Björkö, near Stockholm, by the Swedish king, who resided in Hovgården on the neighboring island of Adelsö;.
		Birka was inhabited until the end of the 10th century, and it was the only city on the Scandinavian Peninsula in the Viking age.
		Birka was a city where craftsmen of all kinds lived, and where visiting merchants traded goods for other goods.
	leonardfrank.com /Worldheritage/Birka.html (74 words)

	[ELFWOOD] Stories / Ellen 'the Alaskan' Million / 'Dancing In the Rain'
		Birka gave him a long, thoughtful look before she replied, "Dancing isn't something that you sit and watch other people do." Her tone was, as customary, carefully neutral.
		Birka had no defense for Kativa’s accusation, and she only offered her the mug she had been drinking out of.
		Birka nodded, drank more of the wine she was still holding.
	elfwood.lysator.liu.se /libr/m/i/million3/dancingintherain.htm.html (1699 words)

	Birka Folkhögskola (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-20)
		På Birka finns möjligheten att utvecklas, att fördjupa och förnya sina kunskaper och finna nya intressen både för arbets- ocsh friluftsliv.
		Birka har ett stort utbud av kurser, många möjligheter till möten mellan människor och dessutom en spännande historisk bakgrund.
		På Birka folkhögskola laddar vi batterierna och låter oss inspireras i en studievänlig miljö.
	birka.fhsk.se /index.asp?menuid=205 (159 words)

	What is Birka (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-20)
		The historic town of Birka existed in Sweden on Björkö Island in Lake Mälar during the 9th and 10th centuries.
		Birka and the nearby town of Hovgården were added to the World Heritage List in 1993 for being a well preserved example of the Vikings' trading networks during the two centuries when they expanded economically and politically in Europe.
		Birka is one of the most complete and untouched Viking Age trading sites from the years 700-900.
	www.birka.org /html/birka-history.htm (264 words)

	Birka and Hovgården - World Heritage Site - Pictures, info and travel reports
		The town Birka was founded in the 8th century, and was an important harbour until the 10th century AD.
		I first visited the Viking village of Birka and Hovgården on the small islands of Björkö and Adelsö in Lake Mälaren during a school excursion in 1969 when I was only 7 years old.
		Birka dates back to the 8th century when a Swedish King (name unknown) founded the city of Birka on the island Björkö.
	worldheritagesite.org /sites/birkahovgarden.html (504 words)

	Trip Journal - Birka
		Birka was a Viking village on the island of Björka (Birch Island).
		There are three distinct types of graves on Birka: cremation mound graves, with or without goods in them (the graves of slaves probably had little or no goods); chamber graves where the body wasn't burned; and stone cist graves, which were very simple.
		The king of Sweden realized this and so formed Birka as the first true village in the country so that he could put all the craftsmen in one place and so control the trade of the goods they produced.
	www.oldwillow.com /Trip/TripJournal10.html (4172 words)

	Birka - susning.nu (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-20)
		Birka var en vikingatida stad som låg på Bjötkö i Mälaren.
		Birka anses ha tagigt över Helgös roll som den ledande handelsplatsen i området. Staden anlades vid mitten av 700-talet av den dåvarande Kungen, eller möjligen av frisiska handelsmän i samförstånd med kungen.
		Birka hade ca 700 innevånare under sin storhetstid.
	www.susning.nu /Birka (420 words)

	Stockholm - Birka
		Birka was an important port for international trade and shipping, and was guarded by the king, who lived on neighbouring Adelsö ("Noble Island").
		Birka had a permanent town plan, with small, closely spaced houses along the edges of each block.
		The museum exhibits have three themes: Birka as a trade centre, everyday life in Birka and the role of the king in Birka.
	www.stockholmtown.com /templates/SimplePage___6212__EN.aspx (186 words)

	Linotype Fonts: Birka font (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-20)
		Birka is the first typeface I designed from scratch.
		"Birka is beautiful" was the comment of the well known Swedish designer Bo Berndal when he first saw it.
		Birka has its name from the ancient Viking town Birka, whose remains are found not far away from Stockholm.
	www.paratype.com /fstore/lfont-549_Birka.htm (131 words)

	Birka - Riksantikvarieämbetet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-20)
		Platsen fick namnet Birka och blev Sveriges första stad.
		I dag är Birka ett populärt utflyktsmål och en plats där arkeologernas utgrävningar ständigt ger nya kunskaper om livet i den forna vikingastaden.
		Världsarvet Birka och Hovgården - ett av tretton svenska världsarv.
	www.raa.se /birka (329 words)

	Norsewidgets
		A survey of coffins at Birka revealed plain rectangular boxes, rectangular boxes with curved lids, rectangular boxes with curved ends, boxes that resembled hollowed-out logs, and boxes with trapezoid-shaped sides that sloped outward towards the top (Graslund, pp.
		Grave 845 at Birka contained this chest, which sat at the feet of the woman buried there.
		This bucket from Birka Grave 507, buried around 900 AD, is made of birch wood covered by sheets of decorated bronze.
	www.angelfire.com /mi4/snotravanta/Accessories/Norsewidgets.htm (2494 words)

	Schlumberger brings advanced energy management solution on-line for Birka Energi in Stockholm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-20)
		Birka Energi awarded the (Euro 7.9 million) contract for the Stockholm project to Schlumberger in March 1999.
		Birka Energi was established on 14 September 1998 by the formal merger of Stockholm Energi and Gullspång Kraft, which created a new competitive energy group with an international base.
		Together with Fortum, Birka Energi aims to be the leading energy group in the Nordic region, and one of the most significant and pro-environmental energy companies in Europe.
	www.wordsun.com /rms115.html (895 words)

	Birka-Style Tablet Weaving Recipe
		The motif for this tablet-weaving "recipe" is based on a Viking Age brocaded tablet-weaving pattern found on Bands 22 and 23 at Birka, Sweden.
		Based on both the number of finds of brocaded tablet-weaving finds and the total weight of metal brocading weft found at Birka, this was the trim pattern most commonly represented in Birka's Viking Age burials; its popularity spanned the ninth and tenth centuries.
		, Birka: Untersuchungen und Studien III (Uppsala: Almkvist and Wiksells B.A., Kungl.
	www.cs.vassar.edu /~capriest/birkarcp.html (704 words)

	Luxury cruiser for the Baltic Sea \| Scandinavian Shipping Gazette (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-20)
		The owner Birka Line ordered another cruise vessel newbuilding in 1988, but she was never delivered to the original owner due to the bankruptcy of the builder Wärtsilä Marine in 1989.
		“Birka Paradise” was launched on April 16, 2004 and the EUR 155 million vessel was handed over to the owner on November 8.
		Birka Paradise is equipped with two pairs of heeling tanks and one pair of foldable fin stabilizers by Blohm and Voss.
	www.sjofartstidningen.se /english/magazine/issues/2004/22/2204_artikel.asp (1677 words)

	[ELFWOOD] Stories / Ellen 'the Alaskan' Million / 'Commonplace'
		Her hair was brown, a rich glossy brown that reminded Denel of a chest of drawers her mother had owned, with hints of golden grains in the right light.
		Birka was wearing the dress that the house tailor had thrown together in a fit of inspiration, modeled after a society walking dress with strong influence from the fur-trimmed design of the tunic she had arrived in.
		Birka was looking with interest at a branch from one of the fruit trees.
	elfwood.lysator.liu.se /libr/m/i/million3/commonplace.htm.html (1603 words)

	Steppe nomadic armour from Birka
		To easier compare the Birka armour to images of similarly decorated armour, a reconstruction drawing was made to recreate the visual appearance of laced lamellae (fig.
		One trait that the Birka lamellae share with those from Balyk-Sook is a thickness of up to 2-3 mm, a deviation from many other lamellae examples with a thickness regularly around 1 mm.
		This can also be the case of the Birka armour but until there is more support for such an assumption, the safest is to name its origin as Turkic.
	www.vikingsna.org /translations/birkaarmour (1916 words)

	Historiska museet: aktuellt (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-20)
		Historiska museets stora sommarutställning handlar om våra världsberömda vikingar och deras mest omtalade stad - Birka på Björkön i Mälaren.
		Birka - staden och fornlämningen, Gravarna, Hantverksstaden och Birkas försvar, allt grupperat runt den stora modell över staden som SVT tillverkade till Vetandets Världs programserie om Birka.
		Smycken, kammar, pärlor, föremål av bärnsten, textilier och pälsverk är några varor som tillverkades, bearbetades och såldes i Birka.
	www.historiska.se /activities/press/vikingbirka.html (378 words)

	Hansa International Maritime Journal
		Birka Line Abp, domiciled in Mariehamn, Åaland, is registered on the Helsinki Stock Exchange.
		Birka Cruises is marketing the cruises of the new »Birka Paradise« (34,728 GT) and older »Birka Princess« (22,412 GT; see HANSA 6/1999, page 66 and 14/1986, page 1199) from Stockholm to Mariehamn (which retain tax-free status within EU), Turku, Helsinki and Tallinn, as well as Gotland, Bornholm and Poland during summer.
		of Birka Line’s cruising passengers are using public transportation to reach the terminal, further reducing the environmental strain.
	www.hansa-online.de /artikel.asp?ArtikelID=498 (1396 words)

	Traveljournals.net - The Viking town Birka, Birka, Sweden
		Birka The Viking town Birka on Björkön was founded at the end of the 8th century on a sheltered shipping route across Lake Mälaren.
		The town was created on the initiative of the king and it was under the power of a royal farmstead on Adelsö.
		Birka became a trading centre where tradesmen from far and near met, sold and exchanged both goods and services, ideas and thoughts.
	www.traveljournals.net /stories/177.html (305 words)

	Internet solution gives Birka Energi’s customers customised information
		Birka Energi acts as managers of its main customers' purchase portfolios and the aim is that each customer should, at all times, have up-to-date information about relevant agreements and market developments.
		It was in fact through discussions between Birka Energi and business consultants from Cap Gemini that the idea for EnergyFocus came about.
		Birka Energi is one of Scandinavia's largest energy companies, with approximately 840, 000 customers, sales of 27 TWh, heating sales of 8 TWh and a turnover of approximately SEK 13 billion.
	www.capgemini.com /news/1999/1216Birka.shtml (679 words)

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