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Topic: Birkarl

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	Men - Nudism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Birkarls bircharlaboa are nudism first mentioned in some Norwegian and Icelandic sources in the early 14th century whereas Kvenland beach nudism swiss is mentioned to be nudism a land comparable to Sweden and Norway already in the early 14th century whereas Kvenland is mentioned to be named mens in the situation for centuries.
		Birkarls living on their outdoor nudism area of influence were very few, totalling only about 50 men still in the north in the north, birkarls were useful to the king.
		Birkarls were originally Finnish traders that went from Tornio to Norway, are told nudism vintage young to have granted their beach nudism swiss privileges to control the trade and taxes in the north, even though the state first supported and later tolerated the situation in the early Middle Ages, were an organization similar to birkarls.
	nudism.adultsexvirgins.us /men (5710 words)

	birkarl (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Birkarl (possible etymology birkö-karl (birch island-men); compare no finnfärd), a layer of population, or a tribe, or a guild, with a debated origin that practiced trading until the Middle Age in (northern) Finland, (northern) Sweden and Lapland.
		A third idea is that birkarls were Sami people that had begun to left the traditional life.
		And a fourth hypothesis builds on an idea that Birkarls were descendants of leading families on ancient Finnic kingdom of Kvenland.
	www.yourencyclopedia.net /birkarl.html (287 words)

	Birkarl - free-definition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The association between Birkarls and Finnish peoples seems mostly have been made by (in particular Finnish descent) preists during the work of Acta Lapponica; an etnological paper on Sami.
		A second hypotesis is that the birk in birkarl, or birch in English, originally means mountain so that "birkarlar" would be "Rulers of the mountains" (a proto-noble layer, see Biarmland); however, birch has been used in other contests such as the old trading city Birca.
		A third idea is that birkarls were Sami people that had begun to left the traditional life, since there have existed elections on larger trading ports thus not only choosen by the inhabitance themself but also by foreign peoples.
	www.free-definition.com /Birkarl.html (340 words)

	Birkarl (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The association between Birkarls and Finnish peoples seems mostly have been made by in particular Finnish preists during the work of Acta Lapponica, an ethnological paper on Sami.
		A second hypothesis is that the birk in birkarl, or birch in English, originally means mountain so that "birkarlar" would be "Rulers of the mountains" (a proto-noble layer); however, birch has been used in other contexts such as the old trading city Birca.
		A third hypothesis builds on an idea that Birkarls were descendants of leading families on ancient Finnic kingdom of Quenland.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/B/Birkarl.htm (364 words)

	Birkarl - InformationBlast
		Birkarl (possible etymology birkö-karl (birch island-men); compare no.
		The sources still left tells that birkarls had a very strong ruling over the other citiziens, and even over the king at that time (which was not uncommon for rich peoples).
		A second hypotesis is that the birk in birkarl, or birch in english, originally means mountain so that "birkarlar"would be "Rulers of the mountains"; however, birch has been used in other contests such as the old trading city Birca.
	www.informationblast.com /Birkarl.html (188 words)

	Birkarl Article, Birkarl Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		A second hypotesis is that the birk in birkarl, or birch in English, originally means mountain so that "birkarlar" would be "Rulers of themountains" (a proto-noble layer, see Biarmland); however, birch has been used inother contests such as the old trading city Birca.
		A third idea is that birkarls were Sami people that had begun to left the traditional life, since there have existed electionson larger trading ports thus not only choosen by the inhabitance themself but also by foreign peoples.
		And a fourth hypothesis builds on an idea that Birkarls weredescendants of leading families on ancient Finnic kingdom of Kvenland.
	www.anoca.org /trading/even/birkarl.html (376 words)

	Birkarl (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Birkarl (birkö-karl possibile di etymology (isola-uomini della betulla); confrontare no. finnfärd), uno strato di popolazione, o una tribù, o una cooperativa, con un'origine dibattuta, che si è esercitata in commerciare fino ed ai territori Medio Evo in Finlandia, in Svezia ed in Russia del Nord.
		Le fonti ancora lasciate dice a che i birkarls abbiano avuti un'influenza molto forte, persino potere, sopra gli altri cittadini e perfino sopra i re di quei periodi (quale non erano rare per i signori ricchi).
		Configurazioni terze di ipotesi su un'idea che Birkarls era discendenti delle famiglie principali sul regno antico di Finnic di Quenland.
	www.yotor.com /wiki/it/bi/Birkarl.htm (337 words)

	Strömsborg - Soldier Names (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Besides the typical soldiers' names, there were other names that could be taken as a soldier name.
		A Birkarl (similar to a Landköpman (land-trader)) was a man who had rights to trade outside the town, where all trade had to take place.
		Birkarls were important people, say about 1400-1600, so if you find a Birkarl in your lines it will probably be possible to trace much further back in time.
	www.straumey.com /soldier-names (352 words)

	Birkarl (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Die noch gelassenen Quellen erklärt, daß birkarls einen sehr starken Einfluß, sogar Energie, über den anderen Bürgern hatten und über den Königen jener Zeiten glätten (welches nicht für wohlhabende Lords selten war).
		Die Verbindung zwischen Birkarls und finnischen Völkern scheint meistens sind gebildet worden durch insbesondere finnische preists während der Arbeit von Acta Lapponica, ein ethnological Papier auf Sami.
		Bauten einer dritte Hypothese auf einer Idee, daß Birkarls Nachkommen der führenden Familien auf altem Finnic Königreich von Quenland waren.
	www.yotor.com /wiki/de/bi/Birkarl.htm (283 words)

	Amazon.com All Products Search Results (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Birkarl (possible etymology birkö-karl (birch island-men); compare no. finnfärd),
		is a name on a "Birkarl" family: A "Birkarl",later similar to...
		a birkarl in you lines you probably got the trace far back in time,...
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/external-search?tag=netlexicon-20&keyword=Birkarl&mode=blended (132 words)

	Genealogy Report (Modified Register) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Tulkkila and an unknown spouse were as follows:
		4 ii. Nils Olofsson Birkarl, fogd i Kemi lappmark.
		5 iii. Olof Olofsson Birkarl, fogd i Torne lappmark.
	home.online.no /~toreamun/WEB-6.htm (7715 words)

	The Plague and the Northeast
		And the birkarla companies have dug at the channel at Kompana sund to make it somewhat broader.
		One meeting boat is managed by a red-clad figure, presumably a birkarl, like those whom the people of the skuta met at Levanger church.
		Our ship is soon escorted by another skuta from Lule.
	www.abc.se /~m10354/publ/plag1350.htm (13009 words)

	Early rune texts
		In Icelandic of today "Eril" means "tiresome peddler" and that is the view former rural people surely thought of.
		From later periods we know the "birkarl" in Finland and Northern Scandinavia that came to the people and demanded for food and night room.
		They even got the right to collect taxes.
	freepages.history.rootsweb.com /~catshaman/22erils1/0runetxt.htm (6147 words)

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