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	BIRUNI
		Biruni, who is one of the greatest scientists and theologists of Turkish-Islamic world, was born in 973 in Kas city which is within the borders of Iran today.
		Biruni, who was a Harizm Turk and lost his father in his early ages, drew attention with his skills and intelligence.
		Biruni, who carried out observation studies together with the leading astronomers of his period was taken under protection by Gazneli Sultan Mahmut and carried on his studies there.
	www.ozturkler.com /data_english/0004/0004_23.htm (263 words)

	Âlimlerimiz-Biruni
		Biruni düz bir ovada A noktasýndan uzaktan ölçme metodu ile HH' yüksekliðini h=308 m olarak bu yükseklikte ufuk alçalmasýný ise a =34'' olarak ölçtü.
		Biruni beþeri manevi ilimler sahasýndaki incelemelerinde bir takým prensipleri esas alýyordu.
		Biruni muhtelif ilimlere dair 1037 senesine kadar 113 eser yazmýþtýr.
	www.geocities.com /chelick2000/biyografiler/biruni.htm (1706 words)

	History of geology--Biruni
		Biruni examined the Ganges River from the mountains to its delta.
		Biruni was the first in the mid-east to state that earth orbits around the sun, even though he repeats the Koran that earth is the center of the universe.
		It is true that Biruni was opposed to alchemy, and he discounted the magical or mystical powers attributed to gemstones, but this hardly marked him as antireligious and pro-soviet, as this propaganda suggested.
	academic.emporia.edu /aberjame/histgeol/biruni/biruni.htm (1103 words)

	Biruni - Biruni The Astronomer - Textbook Of An Astrology For Beginners - Astrology -
		Biruni has left us works devoted to medicine, geography, physics, astronomy, and at the same time has written science book about the stars, this book is in a matter of fact the textbook of an astrology for beginners.
		Biruni’s science works cover the various fields of knowledge: astronomy and geography, mathematics and physics, geology and mineralogy, chemistry and botany, history and ethnography, philosophy and philology.
		Biruni has accepted and developed the progressive ideas of the ancient Greeks and the old Indian philosophers on some general subjects in astronomy: approved the identical fiery nature of the Sun and stars, unlike dark bodies - planets; the stars’ movement and their huge sizes in comparison with the Earth; the idea of gravitation.
	www.astrology-wisdom.com /biruni.html (295 words)

	[No title]
		Biruni was tremendously influenced at early age by the best local mathematicians and other scholars.
		Biruni had excelled in many fields of the knowledge of the day particularly in astronomy, mathematics, chronology, physics, medicine, and history.
		Biruni found such support in the court of the Samanid Sultan Mansur II until the end of the Samanid dynasty in the hand of Mahmoud of Ghazna.
	members.tripod.com /~khorasan/TajikPersonalities/AlBiruni.htm (816 words)

	Birooni
		bu Reihan Muhammad Ibn Ahmad Biruni was born of Persian parentage in Khwarazm in 362 H [973 A.D.].
		Biruni left his native country at the age of 22 or 25 to the Khorasan, Rey, Tabarestan and Jurajan.
		Biruni wrote it on the chronology of different nations and intelligently discusses the debatable theory of the rotation of the earth on its axis and accurately determines the longitudes and latitudes.
	www.irib.ir /occasions/Aboryhan/Biroonien.HTM (348 words)

	uzbekistan.neweurasia.net » Biruni beats Columbus (?), not Leif
		Uzbek professor Bakhrom Abdukhamitov (Бахром Абдухамитов) is now claiming that the famous academic Al Biruni (who was born in what is now Uzbekistan) “discovered” America by postulating the existence of continents and islands past the Atlantic over a thousand years ago, even though he never traveled there himself.
		Biruni recorded these ideas in 1030 and 1036, so even if one could conclusively prove that his assertions were anything more than conjecture, it looks as though he was still beat to the New World by the Vikings.
		Along with my inclination to smile and nod given the frequency with which I was told Uzbeks (well, residents of what is currently Uzbekistan) discovered everything important under the sun, this really stretches the meaning of the word “discover.” And as far as the Post-Pleistocene Discovery of America Sweepstakes goes, the Polynesians beat everyone.
	uzbekistan.neweurasia.net /?p=50 (530 words)

	Iranian Personalities: Abu Raihan Biruni
		bu Raihan Mohammad Ibn Ahmad Biruni was one of the well-known figures associated with the court of King Mahmoud Ghaznavid, who was one of the famous Muslim kings of the 11th century A.D. Biruni was a versatile scholar and scientist who had equal facility in physics, metaphysics, mathematics, geography and history.
		At an early age, the fame of his scholarship went around and when Sultan Mahmood Ghaznawi conquered his homeland, he took Biruni along with him in his journeys to India several times and thus he had the opportunity to travel all over India during a period of 20 years.
		Biruni discussed, centuries before the rest of the world, the question whether the earth rotates around its axis or not.
	www.iranchamber.com /personalities/abiruni/abu_biruni.php (742 words)

	MuslimHeritage.com - Topics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Biruni also determined the local meridian and the coordinates of any locality.
		In it he determines the motion of the solar apogee, corrects Ptolemy's findings, and is able to state for the first time that the motion is not identical to that of precession, but comes very close to it.
		In this book, too, Biruni employs mathematical techniques unknown to his predecessors that involve analysis of instantaneous motion and acceleration, described in terminology that can best be understood if we assume that he had "mathematical functions" in mind.
	www.muslimheritage.com /topics/default.cfm?ArticleID=362 (490 words)

	Al-Biruni \| Muslim Profile \| African Muslims \| Muslims in Civilizations \| Spread of Islam in the World \| Muslim World ...
		Al Biruni fled at the outbreak of the civil war but it is less clear what happened to his teacher Abu Nasr Mansur at this stage.
		Al Biruni died shortly hereafter, at the age of 78, before having the chance to revise it.
		Al Biruni died in 1048 CE at the age of 75, after having spent 40 years in gathering knowledge and making his own contributions to its different branches.
	www.esinislam.com /Muslims_Profile/Muslim_Profile_Al-Biruni.htm (1396 words)

	Al Biruni (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Abu Rayhan Al Biruni was born in Khwarazm, a region adjoining the Aral Sea now known as Karakalpakstan.
		Certainly by the age of seventeen al-Biruni was engaged in serious scientific work for it was in 990 that he computed the latitude of Kath by observing the maximum altitude of the sun.
		As well as describing his own projection of a hemisphere onto a plane, Al Biruni showed that by the age of 22 he was already extremely well read for he had studied a wide selection of map projections invented by others and he discusses them in the treatise.
	islamonline.com /cgi-bin/news_service/profile_story.asp?service_id=732 (1399 words)

	An Astronomer Visits Iran Part IV: Biruni Observatory and the Palaces of Kings
		Shiraz is a beautiful city in southern Iran known for its gardens, the tombs of famous poets and the nearby monuments of the early Persian empire.
		Plans move slowly in a difficult economy but the government is very interested in increasing funding for science facilities that would not only educate Iran's youth but might attract foreign scientists in larger numbers.
		Biruni Observatory of the University of Shiraz houses Iran’s largest telescope.
	www.mssimmons.com /ms/Iran/Iran2002/Shiraz/Astronomony.com4.html (1163 words)

	Abu
		Biruni's interest shifted from his initial training as a mathematician towards chronicles and history, to astronomy and geography, medicine, mineralogy and pharmacology.
		He gave a general formula which enables one to find the side of a regular polygon inscribed in a circle in terms of the radius.
		He was reported to have invented a clock machine based on the Roman calendar for the mosque of Ghazni, but the imam refused it as it was in the latter's view based on a non-Islamic calendar.
	www.farhangsara.com /biruni.htm (1519 words)

	A Bio-Bibliography For Biruni (Scarecrow Press, Inc.)
		A Bio-Bibliography For Biruni: Abu Raihan Mohammad Ibn Ahmad (973-1053 C.E.)
		Abu Raihan Biruni (973 - 1053 CE) was an Iranian scholar whose extraordinary achievements include predicting the existence of landmasses (North and South America) on the opposite side of the Earth and calculating the radius of the Earth five centuries before the European Renaissance.
		For the first time, the complete list of Biruni's numerous books on cartography, mathematics, astronomy, history, and geology is provided in a single volume.
	www.scarecrowpress.com /ISBN/0810856638 (184 words)

	Biruni - LoveToKnow 1911
		BIRUNI [ABU-R-] (973-1048), Arabian scholar, was born of Persian parentage in Khwarizm (Khiva), and was a Shiite in religion.
		He devoted his youth to the study of history, chronology, mathematics, astronomy, philosophy and medicine.
		This page was last modified 23:51, 1 Sep 2006.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Biruni (177 words)

	The Horoscope of Baghdad
		The source is given as Biruni's "Chronology of the Ancient Nations", p.263 of the Sachau edition.
		As you can see, with the exception of the Moon, the anomalous Saturn, and the 1 degree error (Biruni) or 2 degrees (Ibn Faqih) of Mars, all the other positions agree closely, so it is reasonable to use --like Holden-- the 2:41 p.m.
		A close examination of an account by al-Biruni in his "India" (Qanun'l-Mas'udi) of the reform of the Zij al-Shahriyaran in A.D. 556 ordered by Khusrau permits to reconstruct the rationale of this date, and the key is the role played by the planet Jupiter.
	www.expreso.co.cr /centaurs/posts/mundane/baghdad.html (3364 words)

	biruni
		Al Biruni matematikte, bilimde, astronomi ve astrolojide son derece yüksek bir kültürel topluluktan gelmekte.
		Biruni bu kitabýnda günümüz modern standartlarýný da aþarak Astroloji konusunda neler
		Biruni yaþam süresi uzunluðu hakkýnda da hyleg ve alcocoden kavramlarý üzerinde durmuþtur.
	www.geocities.com /teber33/biruni.html (329 words)

	biruni_map
		One is in Arab, and gives his rather schematic view on the distribution of land and sea on the globe.
		THIS IS NOT A REAL MAP OF BIRUNI; IT IS THE TRANSLATION OF THE FIRST MAP.
		This is a map I found in the Miller atlas called the map of the 7 seas of Biruni.
	www.geocities.com /pieterderideaux/biruni_map.html (187 words)

	Medieval Sourcebook: Al Biruni (973-1048 CE): The Existing Monuments or Chronology, c. 1030 CE
		Medieval Sourcebook: Al Biruni (973-1048 CE): The Existing Monuments or Chronology, c.
		The earliest Arab writer, who may perhaps be regarded as a genuine historian, in contrast to the previous romancers, was Al Biruni (973-1048).
		But Al Biruni was far more than an historian; he was a leading scientist of his day and also a geographer, his work on "India" being almost as celebrated as his "Chronology."
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/source/1030al-biruni1.html (878 words)

	Abu Raihan al-Biruni (973-1048) : Library of Congress Citations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Author: Biruni International Congress, Karachi Title: Millenary of Abeu Rairhean Murhammad ibn Arhmad al-Bireuni : [papers] presented on the occasion of al-Biruni International Congress, November 26, 1973 thru December 12, 1973, Pakistan.
		Author: Biruni International Congress, Teheran Title: The commemoration volume of Bir-uni International Congress in Tehran.
		Author: Biruni International Congress, Karachi Title: Al-Beireunei : commemorative volume : proceedings of the International Congress held in Pakistan on the occasion of millenary of Abeu Raihean Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Beireunei 973-ca 1051 A.D., November 26, 1973 thru' December 12, 1973 / editor Hakim Mohammed Said.
	www.mala.bc.ca /~mcneil/cit/citlcbiruni1.htm (1466 words)

	The Ambassadors - SELECTED STUDIES - Vol.1, Issue 2 (September 1998) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Abu al-Rayhan Mohammed ibn Ahmed al-Biruni al-Khwarazmi is said to have been born in 973 A.D. (on the 4th of September!) on the outskirts of the city of Kath.
		The latter information is used by some to explain his name, "al-Biruni", as deriving from the word, 'biruni', meaning 'exterior' (as opposed to 'duruni' meaning 'interior') in the language used there at the time (Z. Safa).
		He is known to have translated Indian works into Arabic, one such being the 'Kalab yarah' on septic diseases.
	ambassadors.net /archives/issue2/select_india.htm (3368 words)

	Khoresm - history (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		According to Biruni Khorezm during the IV-VIII cc.
		It acquired the name of Afrigid in the literature after the name of the first ruler — Afrig, who came to power in 305 AD [Biruni, 1957.
		However, the correlations are not many and mostly come from the VIII c.
	www.kroraina.com /ca/h_khorezm.html (942 words)

	Natal medieval Astrology, book reviews, brief articles on traditional Astrology by Jonathan James (MACC), woodstock, ...
		Astrological Definitions for students of medieval and Traditional Astrology to assist in individual study and research.
		There is something very concise about Al Biruni's work, making it good and useful for both a student and a practising Astrologer.
		This long text, by Al Biruni, begins with intstruction in the basics of math and geometry.
	www.windandsky.com /book_reviews/book_al_biruni_instruction.php (934 words)

	Nomination Form: UNESCO-CI
		Muzaffar M. Khayrullaev, Director, The Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Al Biruni Institute of Oriental Studies
		Urinbayev, B.Mannonov, K.Munirov, Biruni is 50 years old.
		Mr Muzaffar M. Khayrullaev, Director, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Al Biruni Institute of Oriental Studies Tel: (7+3712) 62.54.61
	portal.unesco.org /ci/en/ev.php-URL_ID=3934&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html (1441 words)

	Amazon.com: Al-Biruni: Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Al Biruni by Ansar Zahid Khan and Mohammed Said Hakim (Hardcover - Dec 31, 1999)
		BIRUNI, AL- (C. 9731050): An entry from Macmillan Reference USA's Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World by Marcia Hermansen (Digital - 2004) - HTML
		An introduction to Islamic cosmological doctrines: Conceptions of nature and methods used for its study by the Ikhwan al-Safa', al-Biruni, and Ibn Sina by Seyyed Hossein Nasr (Unknown Binding - 1978)
	www.amazon.com /s?ie=UTF8&keywords=Al-Biruni&tag=httpexplaguid-20&index=books&link_code=qs&page=1 (412 words)

	Sinanoglu.Net Fikir Meydanı - El Biruni ( 973 - 1048 ) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Orta Asya'lı büyük bilgin El Biruni, 4 Eylül 973 yılında Harezm'in başkenti Kath yakınlarında doğdu.
		İlk eseri, Asar- ül - Bakiye' dir.El Biruni, o zamanın bilginleriyle Buhara'da tanışmış, evrenin yapısı, serbest düşme ve diğer fizik yasalarını ve bölünmez parçacıklar üzerinde mektupla yaptığı bazı tartışmalar vardır.
		Gazneli Mahmut Harezm'i işgal edince, El Biruni ile birlikte binlerce kişiyi tutsak aldı.
	www.sinanoglu.net /fikir_meydani/showthread.php?t=58 (725 words)

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