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| | CLEVELAND, BARBARA VILLIERS, DUCHESS OF (1641-1709) - Online Information article about CLEVELAND, BARBARA VILLIERS, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20) |
 | | In August 167o she was created countess of Southampton and duchess of Cleveland, with remainder to her first and third sons, Charles and George Palmer, the king at this time not admitting the paternity of her second son Henry; and she also received many valuable gifts from Charles. |
 | | She consoled herself meanwhile with lovers of a less exalted station in life, among them John Churchill, afterwards duke of Marlborough, and William Wycherley; by 1674 she had been entirely supplanted at court by Louise de Keroualle, duchess of Portsmouth. |
 | | The first husband of the duchess, Roger Palmer, earl of Castlemaine (16341705), diplomatist and author, was an ardent Roman Catholic, who defended his co-religionists in several publications. |
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