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Topic: Bismuth

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	Bismuth
		Inorganic bismuth salts are poorly soluble in water: solubility is influenced by the acidity of the medium and the presence of certain compounds with (hydr)oxy or sulfhydryl groups.
		The analysis of bismuth in biological material is not standardised and is subject to large variation; it is difficult to compare data from different studies, and older data should be approached with caution.
		Bismuth encephalopathy occurred in France as an epidemic of toxicity and was associated with the intake of inorganic salts including bismuth subnitrate, subcarbonate and subgallate.
	www.ithyroid.com /bismuth.htm (712 words)

	Bismuth - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Bismuth oxychloride is extensively used in cosmetics and bismuth subnitrate and subcarbonate are used in medicine.
		Bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol®) is used as an antidiarrheal.
		Bismuth subnitrate is a component of glazes that produces an iridescent luster finish.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bismuth (945 words)

	Bismuth - (Bi) - Chemical properties, Health and Environmental effects
		Bismuth is a white, crystalline, brittle metal with a pinkish tinge.
		Bismuth metal is used in the manufacture of low melting solders and fusible alloys as well as low toxicity bird shot and fishing sinkers.
		Bismuth occurs naturally as the metal itself and is found as crystals in the sulphides ores of nickel, cobalt, silver and tin.
	www.lenntech.com /Periodic-chart-elements/Bi-en.htm (549 words)

	Bismuth
		Bismuth is one of few metals that increase in volume upon solidification, where it expands 3.32% when changing from the liquid to the solid state.
		Bismuth wire (extruded) is used for thermocouple applications (has highest negativity known), which is drawn in glass tubes of diameters of 0.0062 to 0.0991cm (0.003 to 0.039in), and is ductile enough to be wound tightly.
		Bismuth has been incorporated both as an additive to resulphurised, rephosphorised, and leaded AISI 1214 steel and as a substitute for lead in AISI 1214 and 1215 steels.
	www.azom.com /details.asp?ArticleID=590 (427 words)

	bismuth. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Bismuth is a silver-white, reddish-tinged, brittle metallic element with a rhombohedral crystalline structure.
		Bismuth is the poorest heat conductor of all the metals except mercury; it is the most diamagnetic of all metals.
		Bismuth was recognized as a metal by early observers, including Georg Agricola, in the 16th cent., but was believed to be a kind of lead or tin until Claud J. Geoffroy established it as a separate element in 1753.
	www.bartleby.com /65/bi/bismuth.html (305 words)

	Bismuth (UK PID)
		Bismuth subnitrate and carbonate are used in surgical dressings and bismuth chelate (tripotassium dicitratobismuthate) is used in the treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcers.
		Toxicity Bismuth toxicity is associated primarily with exposure to bismuth salts, notably the ingestion of bismuth chelate.
		Bismuth subsalicylate toxicity as a cause of prolonged encephalopathy with myoclonus.
	www.intox.org /databank/documents/chemical/bismuth/ukpid49.htm (5516 words)

	Mineral Information Institute - Bismuth
		Bismuth is a silvery-white metallic element with a pinkish tint on freshly-broken surfaces.
		Bismuth was long thought to be a variety of lead or tin, which it resembles, until the chemist Claude Geoffroy showed in 1753 that it is a separate element.
		Bismuth is usually an indicator of high-temperature mineral deposits, forming in veins with quartz and various metallic minerals, or at the contact of granite intrusions with other rocks such as limestone.
	www.mii.org /Minerals/photobis.html (815 words)

	Patient Education - Drugs - bismuth
		Bismuth may cause a temporary and harmless darkening of the tongue and stool.
		Because bismuth may interfere with x-ray examinations of the GI tract, it should not be taken for several days before an abdominal x-ray exam.
		Bismuth is a mild antidiarrheal agent for temporary diarrhea.
	www.gicare.com /pated/bismuth.htm (765 words)

	Bismuth (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Bismuth is used in producing malleable irons and is finding use as a catalyst for making acrylic fibers.
		When bismuth is heated in air it burns with a blue flame, forming yellow fumes of the oxide.
		Bismuth subnitrate and subcarbonate are used in medicine.
	neon.mems.cmu.edu /27201/periodic/83.html (294 words)

	Hunter's Bismuth
		Bismuth loaded shells produce substantially less recoil to achieve the same down-range performance, which means a hunt can again be fun, rather than a shoulder pounding ordeal.
		Because Bismuth has better retained energy at long range, with denser patterns than steel, crippling is reduced to a minimum.
		Bismuth allows the grand old guns to be placed back in service, performs better than steel, and allows birds to be bagged that might otherwise be merely crippled and lost.
	www.huntersbismuth.com /whybismuth.html (698 words)

	Bismuth (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Bismuth, Bi, is a metallic main group element, found in Group Vb of the periodic table.
		Bismuth reacts with sulphur and the halogens forming compounds where the valency of the element is three.
		Bismuth is detected by the orange coloured precipitate that is formed when hydrogen sulphide is passed into an acidified solution of the substance under test.
	www.ucc.ie /ucc/depts/chem/dolchem/html/elem/elem083.html (212 words)

	Bismuth, Blood
		Bismuth poisoning through acute exposure is generally associated with the ingestion of soluble bismuth compounds as encountered in the therapeutic application of bismuth.
		Bismuth is widely employed in the manufacture of ceramics and glass.
		Bismuth applications outside of industry include certain over-the-counter drugs intended as aids for gastrointestinal disturbances, as well as the pearlescent white coloring matter used in some lipsticks, powders, and fingernail enamels.
	www.labcorp.com /datasets/labcorp/html/chapter/mono/bm003500.htm (199 words)

	Bismuth Subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol®, Kaopectate®) - PetPlace.com
		Bismuth subsalicylate, better known as Pepto-Bismol, is used to treat diarrhea and minor stomach problems, such as stomach
		The bismuth agent is a chalk-like compound designed to coat the lining of the stomach and intestines, however, there is little evidence that physical “coating” actually occurs.
		Bismuth subsalicylate is available without a prescription but should not be administered unless under the supervision and guidance of a veterinarian.
	www.petplace.com /drug-library/bismuth-subsalicylate-pepto-bismol-kaopectate/page1.aspx (719 words)

	It's Elemental - The Element Bismuth
		Bismuth does occur free in nature and in such minerals as bismuthinite (Bi) and bismite (Bi The largest deposits of bismuth are found in Bolivia, although bismuth is usually obtained as a by-product of mining and refining lead, copper, tin, silver and gold.
		Bismuth is usually mixed with other metals, such as lead, tin, iron or cadmium to form low-melting alloys.
		Bismuth oxide (Bi), a bismuth compound, is used as a yellow pigment in paints and cosmetics.
	education.jlab.org /itselemental/ele083.html (215 words)

	Use of Bismuth in Ductile Iron
		In the time during which bismuth was used, other improvement projects continued, and we learned that some of the effects that bismuth had on our iron can be accomplished by other operational changes.
		The main part of the study was conducted to compare results between commercially available bismuth and rare earth containing inoculant, and pure bismuth added in the form of tablets to the rare earth containing magnesium alloy used in the Tundish treatment.
		The average depth of carbides in chill wedges without bismuth (from Disa I) was 4.5mm, compared to the average depth of carbides in chill wedges with bismuth addition of 1.9mm.
	www.ductile.org /magazine/2001_1/Bismuth.htm (990 words)

	Bismuth
		Bismuth is the heaviest stable element and is a brittle metal with a pinkish hue with an iridescent tarnish.
		Bismuth oxychloride is extensively used in cosmetics and bismuth subnitrate and subcarbonate are used in medicine.
		Bismuth was probably unknown to the Greeks and Romans, but during the middle ages it became quite familiar, notwithstanding its frequent confusion with other metals.
	www.rare-earth-magnets.com /magnet_university/bismuth.htm (459 words)

	Bismuth Main (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Bismuth is a "friendly" metal widely used in pharmaceuticals, including a popular over-the-counter stomach remedy.
		Bismuth selenide (Envirolloy), a compound of bismuth and selenium, is a popular substitute for lead in free-machining brasses.
		Bismuth pellets, shot, and powders are used as metallurgical alloying agents.
	www.asarco.com /bismuth_main.html (188 words)

	American Elements: Bismuth Supplier & Technical Information
		Bismuth is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.9999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder.
		As to bismuth's electrical and thermal conductivity, the electrical conductivity measured as to electrical resistivity @ 20 ºC is 106.8 μΩcm and its electronegativities (or its ability to draw electrons relative to other elements) is 1.9.
		Bismuth dimercaptopropanol (BisBAL) inhibits the expression of extracellular polysaccharides and proteins by Brevundimonas diminuta: implications for membrane microfiltration.
	www.americanelements.com /bi.html (974 words)

	Bismuth (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Bismuth duplicates lead in its performance, but is non-toxic and legal for use in hunting waterfowl in Canada.
		Current bismuth reloading manuals have many loads that exceed 1300 feet per second (fps), which make it effective on waterfowl at ranges out to 60 yards.
		Bismuth has superior trajectory, and keeps a tighter pattern at a distance.
	www.bilozir.net /bismuth/about.htm (186 words)

	MedlinePlus Drug Information: Bismuth Subsalicylate
		Bismuth subsalicylate is used to treat diarrhea, heartburn, and upset stomach in adults and children 12 years of age and older.
		Bismuth subsalicylate comes as a liquid, tablet, or chewable tablet to be taken by mouth, with or without food.
		If you will be giving bismuth subsalcylate to a child or teenager, tell the child's doctor if the child has any of the following symptoms before he or she receives the medication: vomiting, listlessness, drowsiness, confusion, aggression, seizures, yellowing of the skin or eyes, weakness, or flu-like symptoms.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/druginfo/medmaster/a607040.html (811 words)

	bismuth articles on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Bismuth is a silver-white, reddish-tinged, brittle metallic element with a rhombohedral crystalline
		Bi BI [Bi] symbol for the element bismuth.
		While still a medical student at Harvard, Cannon was the first to demonstrate (1897) that bismuth could be utilized as a contrast medium in the roentgenologic examination of the gastrointestinal tract.
	www.encyclopedia.com /articles/01513.html (401 words)

	Bismuth
		In Victoria, bismuth is found both as the native metal and the sulphide, bismuthinite (Bi2S3).
		Bismuth ores usually occur in lodes closely associated with granitoids, either as veins within them or near the margins in the surrounding country rock, and are commonly found with tungsten and tin deposits.
		Native bismuth occurs in a few lodes at Wombat Creek, Mount Kooyoora, Pennyweight Flat, Maldon and Pittong, and as rounded grains in alluvial deposits.
	www.nre.vic.gov.au /DPI/nreninf.nsf/childdocs/-E5A53573EC8E8A9ECA256BC80007973F-49077C6F5A74A5F1CA256BC80009846E-68A362CFF5738DC74A256DEA00298ED6-AB8072301D94C679CA256BD700201EC5?open (191 words)

	83 Bismuth
		The first clear description of Bismuth as a separate metal is from Georgius Agricola (1494-1555), De natura fossilium Libri X (1546) (note).
		Often is the name Bismuth explained as a derivation from the German, from the saying that one the element "in der Wiese mute" (applied for mineral rights in the meadow).
		Bismuth was found at Schneeberg in several mines in large quantities (in difference to other mining areas in Germany!), but the need of Bismuth was rather low - a small quantity for medical use and somewhat for the types for book printing.
	www.vanderkrogt.net /elements/elem/bi.html (1002 words)

	Bismuth Crystals
		Bismuth is a metall and an element belonging into the fifth main group of the periodic system of chemical elements, where you will find nitrogen, phosphor, arsenic, antimony and bismuth.
		Bismuth is mined mostly as a by product mining these other more common minerals and as the rough ore or concentrate is shipped to the industrialized countries, some countries like Japan or Germany where almost or absolutely no mining on metalls takes place anymore still "produce" bismuth.
		Bismuth is a silver white metall with a slight pinkish hue.
	www.crystalgrowing.com /bismuth/bismuth1.htm (1111 words)

	83 Bismuth (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Bismuth is a major constituent of Pepto-Bismol, but other than that it's not widely known.
		Bismuth is very similar to lead in density, melting point, hardness, etc, so it makes a pretty direct replacement, unlike tungsten which is much denser, much harder, and completely impossible to melt under any kind of reasonable conditions.
		Unlike lead, bismuth is highly crystalline and brittle: This means that solid bullets made of bismuth shatter into dust on impact with hard surfaces, which in turn means that bismuth ammunition is sold as safer for use in urban environments or other places where ricochet would be bad.
	www.theodoregray.com /PeriodicTable/Elements/083 (2998 words)

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