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Topic: Bismuth oxide

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	Bismuth - LoveToKnow 1911
		Bismuth occurs in metalliferous veins traversing gneiss or clay-slate, and is usually associated with ores of silver and cobalt.
		Bismuth dioxide, BiO or Bi 2 O 2, is said to be formed by the limited oxidation of the metal, and as a brown precipitate by adding mixed solutions of bismuth and stannous chlorides to a solution of caustic potash.
		Bismuth tetroxide, Bi 2 O 4, sometimes termed bismuth bismuthate, is obtained by melting bismuth trioxide with potash, or by igniting bismuth trioxide with potash and potassium chlorate.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Bismuth (2491 words)

	Stabilized bismuth oxide - Patent 5183801
		Disclosed is a stable bismuth oxide composition having excellent oxygen ion conductivity comprising: from 50 to 90 mole % Bi.sub.2 O.sub.3, from 10 to 40 mole % of a rare earth oxide, such as yttria; and from 0.1 to 10 mole % of an oxide compound, such as ZrO.sub.2 or ThO.sub.2.
		The stable bismuth oxide ceramic composition of claim 1 wherein the rare earth element of said rare earth oxide is selected from the group consisting of yttrium, lanthanum, cerium, neodymium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, erbium, thulium and ytterbium.
		The stable bismuth oxide ceramic composition of claim 2 wherein said cationic element of valence four or more is selected from the group consisting of zirconium, hafnium, thorium, tantalum, niobium, tungsten, molybdenum, titanium and vanadium.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5183801.html (5016 words)

	Todini and Co s.p.a. \| Chemical product: bismuth oxide
		Bismuth oxide is naturally found in bismuthinites; it has the appearance of a yellow powder characterised by rhombic or cubic crystals.
		This compound is also known as bismuth trioxide and yellow bismuth oxide and is used in the chemical industry as a catalyst, in the ceramics and glass industries.
		Bismuth oxide is used as a catalyst in the chemical industry, in medicine, in the glass and ceramic industries.
	www.todiniandco.com /products/other/bismuth_oxide.html (271 words)

	It's Elemental - The Element Bismuth
		Bismuth does occur free in nature and in such minerals as bismuthinite (Bi) and bismite (Bi The largest deposits of bismuth are found in Bolivia, although bismuth is usually obtained as a by-product of mining and refining lead, copper, tin, silver and gold.
		Bismuth is usually mixed with other metals, such as lead, tin, iron or cadmium to form low-melting alloys.
		Bismuth oxide (Bi), a bismuth compound, is used as a yellow pigment in paints and cosmetics.
	education.jlab.org /itselemental/ele083.html (215 words)

	Energy Citations Database (ECD) - Energy and Energy-Related Bibliographic Citations
		The reactivity for methanol oxidation over the conventional bismuth-metal oxide catalysts was found to be primarily related to the surface area of the oxide catalysts and was essentially independent of the near surface composition and the bulk structure.
		The selectivity for methanol oxidation over the conventional bismuth-metal oxide catalysts was essentially found not to be a function of the surface area, the near surface composition, and the bulk structure.
		The model studies demonstrated that two-dimensional metal oxide overlayers are not stable on the bismuth oxide support and readily react to form bulk bismuth-metal oxide compounds upon heating.
	www.osti.gov /energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=264065 (384 words)

	Bismuth (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Bismuth, Bi, is a metallic main group element, found in Group Vb of the periodic table.
		Bismuth is extracted from its sulphide ores by roasting, to form bismuth oxide.
		Bismuth is detected by the orange coloured precipitate that is formed when hydrogen sulphide is passed into an acidified solution of the substance under test.
	www.ucc.ie /ucc/depts/chem/dolchem/html/elem/elem083.html (212 words)

	Bismuth Trioxide
		In the following centuries, bismuth's properties continued to be little understood, but with the Age of Reason came increasing scientific investigation, and increasing understanding of the metal and its derivatives.
		Bismuth is fairly unique among the heavy metals, as it is considered safe, non-carcinogenic and non-toxic.
		Oxygenation of bismuth metal at 750 to 800 degrees; thermal decomposition of other compounds containing bismuth; and precipitation of a hydrated oxide in a bismuth salt solution.
	www.atomixinc.com /bismuthtrioxide.htm (382 words)

	Bismuth Minerals,Bismuthinite,Bismite,Bismuth Information,Bismuth Uses,Bismuth Suppliers
		Bismuth produced in the United States is obtained as a by-product of copper, gold, silver, tin and especially lead ore processing.
		Bismuth, a silvery-white metallic element was long thought to be a variety of lead or tin due to its resemblance.
		Native bismuth is rare and does not occur in large quantities.
	www.mineralszone.com /minerals/bismuth.html (389 words)

	Commercially Available Nanocrystalline Bismuth Oxide - New Product
		Bismuth oxide is incorporated into specialty polymers and materials for bone implants, dental prosthetic devices, catheters, sutures and surgical instruments to make them detectable by X-rays without the toxicity or carcinogenicity associated with other heavy metals.
		Bismuth oxide has been used extensively for years in the medical appliance industry to impart X-ray opacity.
		As parts become smaller and thinner, it is difficult to incorporate bismuth oxide to achieve X-ray opacity without deteriorating the physical properties of the plastic or composite part.
	www.azonano.com /details.asp?ArticleID=317 (310 words)

	High bismuth oxide based flux and paint compositions for glass substrates - Patent 5629247
		The flux composition has a relatively high bismuth oxide content and a combination of other materials which provide a paint composition having excellent scratch resistance as well as acid and alkali resistance.
		Notwithstanding the advantages of lead oxide, the health and environmental hazards of lead oxide-containing materials favor their elimination and the development of suitable flux and paint compositions that are free of such materials.
		The amount of the alkali oxide is typically from about 1 to 4% by weight, preferably from about 1.6 to 3% by weight and most preferably from about 1.7 to 2.2% by weight.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5629247.html (2484 words)

	83 Bismuth
		Bismuth is a major constituent of Pepto-Bismol, but other than that it's not widely known.
		Bismuth is very similar to lead in density, melting point, hardness, etc, so it makes a pretty direct replacement, unlike tungsten which is much denser, much harder, and completely impossible to melt under any kind of reasonable conditions.
		Unlike lead, bismuth is highly crystalline and brittle: This means that solid bullets made of bismuth shatter into dust on impact with hard surfaces, which in turn means that bismuth ammunition is sold as safer for use in urban environments or other places where ricochet would be bad.
	www.theodoregray.com /PeriodicTable/Elements/083/index.html (3033 words)

	American Elements: Bismuth Supplier & Technical Information
		Bismuth is the most diamagnetic of all metals, and the thermal conductivity is lower than any metal, except mercury.
		When bismuth is heated in air it burns with a blue flame, forming yellow fumes of the oxide.
		Bismuth is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.9999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder.
	www.americanelements.com /bi.html (228 words)

	Bismuth Silicon Oxide, Bismuth Germanium Oxide and Bismuth Titanyl Oxide
		Bismuth Silicon Oxide, Bismuth Germanium Oxide and Bismuth Titanyl Oxide
		Single crystals with the Sillenite structure, Bi (M=Si, Ge, Ti) have a fortunate combination of electrooptic, acoustooptic and piezoelectric properties and are thus promising materials for optoelectronics.
		The fabrication of sillenite oxide thin-film structures by different techniques permits the development of a long list of devices, including integrated-optics devices.
	www.sciner.com /Crystals/bism.htm (267 words)

	Bismuth Oxide (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		BISMUTH OXIDE (Bi Asarco manufactures two grades of bismuth oxide.
		Assay-grade bismuth oxide is used as a substitute for litharge in fire assaying and is produced by oxidizing molten bismuth metal.
		Commercial-grade bismuth oxide also results from oxidizing molten bismuth metal and is used to increase the density of plastic resins.
	www.asarco.com /bismuth_oxide.html (89 words)

	Solid oxide fuel cells
		The Adelan fuel cell is based on a rapid heating tubular design which has a number of advantages which are outlined.
		Bismuth Oxide can be incorporated into specialty polymers and materials for bone implants, dental prosthetic devices, catheters, sutures and surgical instruments to make them detectable by X-rays.
		The article focuses on Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC), Direct Methanol Fuel Cells (DMFC) and the nanomaterials used for hydrogen storage.
	www.azonano.com /SearchResults.asp?AppKeyWord=Solid+oxide+fuel+cells (263 words)

	bismuth_oxide (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Symptoms of chronic bismuth toxicity in humans consist of decreased appetite, weakness, pheumatic pain, diarrhea, fever, metal line on the gums, foul breath, gingivitis and dermatitis.
		Jaundice and conjunctival hemorrhage are rare, but have been reported.
		bismuth does pass into the amniotic fluid and into the fetus.
	www.camd.lsu.edu /msds/b/bismuth_oxide.htm (186 words)

	OhioLINK ETD: Kim, Hyungchan
		The reason for the higher conductivity in YSZ-4.5 mole% Bi2O3 is because of increased concentration of oxygen ion vacancies.
		This indicates that STARS may be an efficient way to sinter the YSZ electrolyte used in solid oxide fuel cells at low temperatures without loss of ionic conductivity.
		YSZ, bismuth oxide, sintering, rearrangement, liquid phase sintering, nanoceramics, nanopowder, agglomeration, precipitation
	rave.ohiolink.edu /etdc/view?acc_num=osu1092765117 (407 words)

	American Elements: Bismuth Oxide Supplier & Tech Info
		Bismuth Oxide is a highly insoluble thermally stable Bismuth source suitable for glass, optic and ceramic applications.
		Metal oxide compounds are basic anhydrides and can therefore react with acids and with strong reducing agents in redox reactions.
		Bismuth Oxide is generally immediately available in most volumes.
	www.americanelements.com /biox.html (94 words)

	Heat-reflecting windows using gold and bismuth oxide films
		The reflectance and transmittance of the coatings were measured at λ = 0.56 μ and in the infra-red region using a photometer with a broad bandwidth (0.8-2 μ).
		Results are given for the following: plain glass; a high reflecting bismuth oxide film on glass; gold film on glass; and gold films sandwiched between bismuth oxide and silicon monoxide coatings.
		Optimum performance was obtained with a Bi /Au/Bi multi-layer of 450/130/450 Å thickness which had a transmittance of 73% for green light and a reflectance of 74% in the near infra-red region, compared with values of 55 and 35% respectively for a gold film of the same thickness without the oxide layers.
	stacks.iop.org /0508-3443/9/359 (329 words)

	The Bismuth Trioxide Source: Clark Manufacturing LLC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Clark Manufacturing LLC is a producer of high purity bismuth trioxide using a unique direct oxidation process that yields high volumes at low cost.
		The material is available by the gram or metric ton; high purity material in metric ton quantity is easily obtainable at economic pricing.
		Clark Manufacturing is currently expanding to meet potential customer demands of up to 2 million pounds annually.
	www.nanobismuthoxide.com (99 words)

	Safety (MSDS) data for bismuth trioxide (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Synonyms: bismuth (III) oxide, bismuthous oxide, bismuth sesquioxide, bismuth (2+) oxide, bismuth yellow, dibismuth trioxide
		Bismuth toxicity is mainly associated with chronic rather than acute exposure.
		We have not verified this information, and cannot guarantee that it is up-to-date.
	ptcl.chem.ox.ac.uk /MSDS/BI/bismuth_trioxide.html (138 words)

	Bismuth Oxide Powder from READE
		bismuth oxide, bismuth trioxide, Bi2O3, bismuth oxide, bismuth trioxide, Bi2O3
		bismuth oxide, bismuth trioxide, Bi2O3, bismuth oxide, bismuth trioxide, Bi2O3, bismuth oxide, bismuth trioxide, Bi2O3
		Optical glasses, to replace lead oxide in whitewares (bone china, etc.), fluxes, varistor formulations, and ceramic capacitor formulations
	www.reade.com /Products/Oxides/bismuth_oxide.html (88 words)

	Chemistry : Periodic Table : bismuth : compound data [bismuth (III) oxide]
		Chemistry : Periodic Table : bismuth : compound data [bismuth (III) oxide]
		Chemistry: WebElements Periodic Table: Professional Edition: Bismuth: compound data [bismuth (III) oxide]
		For each compound, and where possible, a formal oxidation number for each element is given, but the usefulness of this number is limited, especially so for p-block elements in particular.
	www.webelements.com /webelements/compounds/text/Bi/Bi2O3-1304763.html (310 words)

	Search the Medscape Drug Reference: bismuth oxide
		If you are uncertain of the spelling, enter the drug or disease name the way it sounds.
		Vitamins A, D, and E-Zinc Oxide Top (generic)
		Check up to 20 drugs for interactions - quickly and easily.
	www.medscape.com /druginfo/search?queryText=bismuth+oxide (87 words)

	Bismuth Oxide & Salts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Bismuth Oxide & Salts include all types and grades of oxides or metal salts with Bismuth content.
		When listing Bismuth Oxide or Bismuth Salts please state clearly the quality and form of the material and a discrition of how the material is packaged.
		Move your company to the head of the class - starting at just 2 cents
	www.leadtin.com /specs/gr055011.html (58 words)

	Bismuth oxide :: Suppliers in the UK
		Bismuth oxide :: Suppliers in the UK Subscriber Login
		Bismuth oxide - Suppliers in the UK Bismuth
		The UK's leading business search engine has found 2 suppliers in the the UK.
	kompass.co.uk /directory/products/item/0/uk/Bismuth_oxide/3120037.htm (51 words)

	Nanophase Technologies: Nanoparticles, NanoArc ® Bismuth Oxide
		Next-generation zinc oxide provides maximum UV protection, formulation flexibility FLORHAM PARK,...
		Use the search box above if you are looking for something specific.
		No part of this site may be reproduced without prior written consent.
	www.nanophase.com /catalog/item.asp?ITEM_ID=60&DEPARTMENT_ID=60 (132 words)

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