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Topic: Bit error rate

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	Using bit-error-rate testers to test-drive FEC codes - Electronics Design News Asia \| EDNAsia.com
		Approaches that correct for bit errors during digital communica-tion vary from simple error-detection mechanisms, to non-real-time correction capability, to real-time, on-the-fly error correction.
		Whenever the number of symbol errors within the 204-byte block is less than or equal to eight, you can remove the errors from further error counting and analysis, because an error corrector would have removed them.
		Error distributions, which you obtain by applying various error-location-analysis techniques, reveal the bursts to be random and correlated.
	www.ednasia.com /article-419-usingbiterrorratetesterstotestdrivefeccodes-Asia.html (2741 words)

	Bit error ratio - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In telecommunication, an error ratio is the ratio of the number of bits, elements, characters, or blocks incorrectly received to the total number of bits, elements, characters, or blocks sent during a specified time interval.
		For a given communication system, the bit error ratio will be affected by both the data transmission rate and the signal power margin.
		Examples of bit error ratio are (a) transmission BER, i.e.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bit_error_ratio (229 words)

	FDDI bit error rate tester - Patent 5023872
		The new bit error rate tester in station 103, preferably in the SMT layer (not shown) parallel to the MAC and PHY A and PHY B, alone counts the error and isolates the fault.
		Error counter 302 is reset at the same time as timer 301 and is enabled on the occurrence of an error event.
		An error event is defined to occur (according to the preferred embodiment of the invention) upon the occurrence of 4 consecutive LSU (Line State Unknown) when in Active Line State or upon the occurrence of a single LSU during idle line state conditions.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5023872.html (4014 words)

	BER - Basic Encoding Rules, Bit Error Rate
		Bit Error Rate; the percentage of bits that have errors relative to the total number of bits received in a transmission, usually expressed as ten to a negative power.
		It is a ratio of bits received in error to bits sent.
		Bit Error Rate – the number of bit errors in the data stream.
	www.auditmypc.com /acronym/BER.asp (403 words)

	PC Comscope Bit Error Rate Testing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		However, the BER test does not attempt to normalize the figures to 64 Kbit/s as specified in Annex D of G.821 - all figures assume the actual bit rate is 64 Kbit/s.
		Error rate testing may be done in one of three configurations: Loopback, end-to-end, or live data monitoring.
		This is the percentage of seconds with bit error rates of 1/1000 or worse.
	www.telebyteusa.com /catalog/manuals/manual_archive/m904bert.htm (4145 words)

	Bit error rate measurement above and below bit rate tracking threshold - Patent 4100531
		Bit error rate is measured by sending a pseudo-random noise (PRN) code test signal simulating digital data through digital equipment to be tested.
		The multiplier 28 forms an error signal which is received by a loop filter 32 and provided to a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) 34 to form an output signal having a frequency at four times the frequency of the incoming signal, from which a clock signal is derived in a manner to be set forth.
		Thus, with the present invention, bit error rates may be detected in a noisy signal due to the phase-lock loop tracking the noisy signal and the integrator circuit 60 making a best estimate of the received group of bits for bit-by-bit comparison to determine the bit error rate.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4100531.html (3449 words)

	Bit Error Rate Tester Project (BERT) Background and Definition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		A BERT is a bit error rate tester.
		Errors in a communication system are due to any one of a number of issues.
		Since a bit being in error is a probability issue, that means sometimes a burst of errors may come in, sometimes a single bit error may come in, sometimes there will be long periods of time where no errors happen.
	www.uidaho.edu /engr/EE/481/bit_error/html/what.html (269 words)

	BERT - Bit Error Rate Test
		Bit Error Rate Test: A test that reflects the ratio of errored bits to the total number transmitted.
		Usually shown in exponential form (10^-6) to indicate that one out of a certain number of bits are in error.
		A method of data communications line testing, where a bit pattern is compared before and after the transmission to detect errors.
	www.auditmypc.com /acronym/BERT.asp (242 words)

	Cisco - Troubleshooting Bit Error Rate Errors on SONET Links
		During the parity check, the first bit of the BIP-8 field is set so that the total number of ones in the first bit of all octets of the previously scrambled STS-1 frame is an even number.
		The second bit of the BIP-8 field is used exactly the same way, except that this bit performs a check on the second bits of each octet, and so on.
		Bit errors point to a physical layer problem between the ATM switch and other devices in the path.
	www.cisco.com /warp/public/127/biterrorrate_16149.html (1783 words)

	Locate Bit Error Rate Alarms
		Bit error rate (BER) alarms are declared when the number of BIP-B2 errors hits a certain threshold.
		Bit error rate-signal degrade (BERR-SD) is declared when a bit error rate of 10^-6 is reached.
		Bit error rate-signal failure (BERR-SF) is declared when a bit error rate of 10^-3 is reached.
	www.juniper.net /techpubs/software/nog/nog-interfaces/html/sonet-alarms218.html (111 words)

	What is bit error rate? - a definition from Whatis.com - see also: BER
		The BER is an indication of how often a packet or other data unit has to be retransmitted because of an error.
		Too high a BER may indicate that a slower data rate would actually improve overall transmission time for a given amount of transmitted data since the BER might be reduced, lowering the number of packets that had to be resent.
		A BERT (bit error rate test or tester) is a procedure or device that measures the BER for a given transmission.
	searchsmb.techtarget.com /sDefinition/0,,sid44_gci213811,00.html (270 words)

	An Alternative Approach to Bit Error Rate Testing (BERT) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		While BER testers have proven effective, they are typically expensive and they do not always exercise the system under test with the same level of noise or using the same data patterns that will be seen by the system in the field.
		The rate of change of the frequency was set to a unique value for each signal generator in order to prevent the HBA and SUT from switching in unison.
		After running the test for twelve hours, a data transmission error was detected indicating a data pattern sensitivity in the SUTâ”a bug not detected by the BER testerâ”which would require a silicon spin of the switch ASIC to correct.
	www.etesters.com /news/story.cfm/itemID/41 (1338 words)

	Qkd system detector autocalibration based on bit-error rate invention
		As a consequence, an eavesdropper ("Eve") that attempts to intercept or otherwise measure the photon signals will introduce errors into the transmitted signals, thereby revealing her presence.
		This causes the photon count to drop, which in turn leads to a reduction in the transmission rate of the system, and to an increase in the bit-error rate (BER)--i.e., to less-than-optimum system performance.
		The method includes exchanging the photon signals between the encoding stations in the QKD system to establish a bit-error rate (BER).
	www.freshpatents.com /Qkd-system-detector-autocalibration-based-on-bit-error-rate-dt20061026ptan20060239460.php (1686 words)

	CDSLab - Bit Error Rate Testing of Advanced Channels (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		A measure of this performance is the bit error rate (BER), or the ratio of received errors to received samples.
		Computer channel models are used to generate simulate readback samples, which are processed by the receiver of interest.
		Although the system cannot perform realtime detection at higher data rates, we have the equipment to sample a block of data at any practical rate and then feed the samples to the detector hardware at a rate it can handle.
	www-cdslab.ece.umn.edu /cdslab/research/bertests.html (208 words)

	IDS Model 77 Bit Error Rate Test Set
		Printouts include front-panel setup, bit error rate, errored bits, total bits, syncs lost, block error rate, errored blocks, total blocks, percent error free seconds, errored seconds, total seconds, G.821 measurements, bipolar violations, framing errors, and CRC errors.
		Select 20 async data rates from 50 bps to 115.2k bps and 82 sync rates from 600 bps to 2.048M bps, including N x 56k bps and N x 64k bps.
		The degradation of the overall error rate due to burst errors is minimized by providing an error rate based on time in blocks of 1 second.
	www.idsdata.com /m77spec.htm (1447 words)

	What is bit? - A Word Definition From the Webopedia Computer Dictionary
		Computers are sometimes classified by the number of bits they can process at one time or by the number of bits they use to represent addresses.
		For example, classifying a computer as a 32-bit machine might mean that its data registers are 32 bits wide or that it uses 32 bits to identify each address in memory.
		Graphics are also often described by the number of bits used to represent each dot.
	www.webopedia.com /TERM/B/bit.html (405 words)

	DRS Technologies Inc. - Bit Error Rate Tester
		A more traditional Bit Error Rate that updates once per minute is also reported.
		The rate is based on the total number of errors divided by the total number of clock cycles since the test was started.
		With five errors and a clock cycle count of 109, the system would report a BER of 5x10-9.
	www.drs.com /products/index.cfm?gID=17&productID=433 (533 words)

	4.3 Consequences for Bit Error Rate
		This is a striking illustration of the burstiness of error patterns in mobile communications.
		The fact that errors occur in bursts has a profound effect on the performance of coded systems, whether they are designed for error correction or for error detection and retransmission.
		Again for simplicity of discussion, assume that we transmit differential PSK and detect it differentially, so that the instantaneous BER is given by (4.3.2).
	www.shadyislandpress.com /channels/text/demofiles/Berfx.htm (574 words)

	HBT High Speed Bit Error Rate Tester
		HBT is a Bit Error Rate Tester for testing synchronous modems and other DCEs.
		HBT operates at data rates from 32 kbps to 2.048 Mbps, including 1.544 Mbps, and supporting all n x 56 kbps and n x 64 kbps data rates.
		HBT compares the received pattern with the transmitted pattern and presents the result on an LCD display, counting bit errors, sync loss number, block errors and error-seconds.
	www.pulsewan.com /rad/hbt.htm (240 words)

	SerialBERT ComProbe: Bit Error Rate Tester (BERT) - Overview (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Async Bit Error Rate Testers for verifying line quality and the integrity of data communication equipment.
		Sync and Async Bit Error Rate Tester for verifying line quality and the integrity of datacom equipment.
		Reported statistics include bits/blocks/seconds sent, received, errored, and error free; parity, framing, overrun, and underrun errors; sync lost seconds, sync lost occurrences; and CCITT Recommendation G.821 metrics.
	www.fte.com /sbc01.asp (444 words)

	Bit-Error Rate
		The frequency of such errors can be varied over a wide range by adjusting the bias current on the JTL's from optimal bias to approach the failure point, where there is an error every time.
		The minimum error rate is too small to measure, but we can make a very rough estimate by extrapolating the measurements to higher bias current.
		And yet, in spite of these "disruptions," the operation of the circuit and the error rate were perfectly stable during the entire experiment.
	www.ece.rochester.edu /~sde/research/rsfq/reports/BER.html (741 words)

	Bit Error Rate Test (BERT) - Glossary Entry - Mobile Phone Directory
		Bit Error Rate Test (BERT) is a device or test used to determine the Bit Error Rate for a particular transmission.
		The test is used to discover how many received bits of data were in error, as a ratio of the total number of bits received.
		The result is usually a very small number, typically one in a billion (or 10 to the power minus 9).
	www.mobile-phone-directory.org /Glossary/B/Bit_Error_Rate_Test.html (78 words)

	Adaptive Minimum Bit-Error-Rate Filtering (ResearchIndex) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The paper develops adaptive filtering based on an alternative minimum bit error rate (MBER) criterion for communication applications.
		It is shown that the MBER filtering exploits the non-Gaussian distribution of filter output effectively and, consequently, can provides significant performance gain in terms of smaller bit error...
		1 Least bit error rate adaptive nonlinear equalizers for binar..
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /510687.html (508 words)

	Bit Error Rate Testers - Reach Technologies BERT Bit Error Rate Tester
		Our BERT series of Bit Error Rate Testers for testing synchronous serial or parallel telemetry data streams are available in single or multi-channel configurations in a wide variety of models:
		Our Bit Error Rate Testers have an easy to use graphical user interface that displays the bit error statistics and allows the user to control the operation of the Bit Error Rate Tester hardware.
		All of our Bit Error Rate Tester models share a common User Interface.
	www.reachtest.com /products/bert (163 words)

	Encyclopedia of Laser Physics and Technology - bit error rate, data transmission (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The average fraction of incorrectly transmitted bits is called the bit error rate.
		The maximum capacity of a reliable data transmission system is not reached by keeping the bit error rate at an extremely low level (basically avoiding any bit errors), but by pushing the data rate to a level where some tolerable bit error rate of e.g.
		In practice, the bit error rate of a system for optical fiber communications can be increased by noise influences (particularly in the receiver, but also in the transmitter and in amplifiers), by optical losses, dispersion and nonlinearities, which can cause signal distortion and channel cross-talk.
	www.rp-photonics.com /bit_error_rate.html (344 words)

	Bit Error Rate Tester D3186/3286 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Pattern Generators and Error Rate Detectors are used for evaluation and analysis in high-speed digital communication and optical transmission network systems - e.g.
		The Detectors/Receiver measures the bit error rate, error count, ES and EFS as well as frequency.
		Special attention was taken for the eye-opening and balance, measured with a sampling oscilloscope, due to retiming circuits, essential for the system quality, the equipment tolerances and the device phase margins.
	www.rohde-schwarz.com /www/dev_center.nsf/html/d31863286 (240 words)

	Bit Error Rate Testing
		Simultaneously measure bit errors, block errors, errored seconds, percent errored seconds, unavailable seconds, and more on asynchronous and synchronous lines.
		With continuous round trip time measurements during bit error testing, you are sure to quickly eliminate excess delays.
		Inject a single or burst error to verify that a line is in "loopback".
	www.fetest.com /solutions/sol.cfm?solID=8 (259 words)

	3.2G Bit Error Rate Analyzer (MP1632C)
		The MP1632C digital data analyzer, a 3.2 Gb/s BERT that not only conducts bit error rate testing but can also measure burst signals and evaluate waveform quality.
		Combining a pulse pattern generator and error detector in one instrument, the MP1632C has strong analysis capability, including built in eye margin and eye diagram measurement functions.
		For further accuracy, the eye opening (margin) is shown as a function of bit error rate that is not supported by a digital oscilloscope.
	www.fiberopticsonline.com /Content/ProductShowcase/product.asp?DocID={ED26AED1-A9A6-4F9A-A3AF-54E6EA6693E4}&Page=1&VNETCOOKIE=NO (152 words)

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