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Topic: Bit rate

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Kbps

Constant bit rate

Data transfer rate

Variable bit rate

Baud

Data compression

Sampling rate

Byte

Bandwidth

Signal (information theory)

Kilo

SI prefix

Mega

Throughput

Compact disc

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	Bit rate - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In digital multimedia, bit rate is the number of bits used per unit of time to represent a continuous medium such as audio or video.
		While often referred to as "speed", bit rate does not measure distance/time but quantity/time, and thus should be distinguished from the "propagation speed" (which depends on the transmission medium and has the usual physical meaning).
		When describing bit rates, binary prefixes are almost never used and SI prefixes are almost always used with the standard, decimal meanings, not the computer-oriented binary meanings.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bit_rate (754 words)

	Bit rate - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In telecommunications and computing, bit rate (sometimes written bitrate) is the frequency at which bits are passing a given (physical or metaphorical) "point".
		While often referred to as "speed", bit rate does not measure distance/time but number of bits/time, and thus should be distinguished from the "propagation speed" (which depends on the transmission medium and has the usual physical meaning).
		There are typically eight bits in a byte (octet), but communications data rates are almost never expressed in bytes per second, with the notable exceptions of disk and memory I/O transfer rates.
	www.tustin.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Bitrate (480 words)

	Constant bit rate - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Constant bit rate (CBR) is a term used in telecommunications, relating to the quality of service.
		When referring to codecs, constant bit rate encoding means that the rate at which a codec's output data should be consumed is constant.
		CBR is useful for streaming multimedia content on limited capacity channels since it is the maximum bit rate that matters, not the average, so CBR would be used to take advantage of all of the capacity.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Constant_bit_rate (200 words)

	Define bit rate - a Whatis.com definition
		In digital telecommunication, the bit rate is the number of bits that pass a given point in a telecommunication network in a given amount of time, usually a second.
		Thus, a bit rate is usually measured in some multiple of bits per second - for example, kilobits, or thousands of bits per second (Kbps).
		Bit rate seems to be used more often when discussing transmission technology details and data transfer rate (or data rate) when comparing transmission technologies for the end user.
	searchnetworking.techtarget.com /sDefinition/0,,sid7_gci214389,00.html (169 words)

	Two-pass MPEG-2 variable-bit-rate encoding
		To assign bit rates to specific segments of a video sequence such that we attain constant visual quality, it is optimal to have knowledge of the characteristics of the entire video.
		The bit allocation for the macroblocks in the second pass is done by lexicographically ordering all of the blocks over the entire sequence, but constrained by the buffer and channel requirements.
		The bit rate that is fitted to the data is derived from Table 2, for an average bit rate of 4 Mb/s.
	www.research.ibm.com /journal/rd/434/westerink.html (8477 words)

	Bit Rate/Channel Allocation
		Another possible mix of bit rates could be one 75 Mbps channel, three 20 Mbps channels, one 15 Mbps, four 10 Mbps, six 5 Mbps, four 2.5 Mbps, and eight 1.2 Mbps channels which adds up to 27 channels (1+3+1+4+6+4+8) equivalent in total bit rate to twelve 20 Mbps channels.
		To accommodate multiple bit rates, the communication channels are structured in a superfame of 16 TDD frames 0 –15 (see Table 1).
		Each mobile terminal is assigned a specific number of frames in a superframe according to the channel bit rate assigned at the session set up and can be dynamically re-adjusted during the session if a mobile terminal requests a reduction or an increase of bandwidth.
	www.carucel.com /Superframe.htm (315 words)

	RealJukebox FAQ - Constant and Variable Bit Rate Encoding
		In order to maintain constant bit rate throughout the file, difficult passages (for example, passages containing a relatively wide stereo separation), may be encoded with fewer than the optimum number of bits.
		Variable Bit Rate encoding was developed for use when consistent audio quality is the top priority and constant or predictable encoded MP3 file size is not critical.
		By maintaining a constant bit rate, you force the quality of the CBR operation to vary according to the complexity of the audio file.
	service.real.com /help/faq/rjbvbrfaq.html (765 words)

	Home Recording dot com BBS - wat is bit rate??
		The second use of the word "bit rate" (which is the one that you're likely to hear about on these forums) reffers to the "depth" of a digital recording.
		It is commonly called bit depth because it is bit depth, not bit rate.
		Yes, it's a question of semantics, however the terms bit depth and bit rate are interchangeable.
	homerecording.com /bbs/showthread.php?t=189976&goto=newpost (915 words)

	Bit rate: Todas las informaciones en Bit rate de Enciclopedia-Gratuita.com
		En telecomunicación e informática, el término bit rate, a veces escrito bitrate, (en español velocidad binaria) es la velocidad a la cual se transmiten los bit via radio o cable.
		Generalmente se expresa en bits por segundo, abreviado bit/s, b/s, o informalmente bps.
		Típicamente, hay ocho bits en un byte u octeto, pero las velocidades de comunicación de datos casi nunca se expresan en bytes por segundo, con las excepciones notables de las velocidades de transferencia de discos y memorias I/O. Para convertir de bytes/s a bit/s, basta simplemente multiplicar por 8.
	www.enciclopedia-gratuita.com /b/bi/bit_rate.html (336 words)

	O'Reilly -- High Bit Rate MP3s: Are they Necessary?
		I was surprised that enabling variable bit rate didn't have a noticeable effect on the artifacts.
		Whatever triggers the higher bit rates appears to be unrelated to this artifact problem.
		Variable bit rate doesn't help much, but it doesn't hurt much, either; the files are only a couple percent larger than they would be otherwise.
	www.oreillynet.com /pub/a/oreilly/web/news/high_bit_rate_0300.html (1332 words)

	bit rate from FOLDOC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The common units of bit rate are kilobits per second (Kbps) and megabits per second (Mbps).
		In data rates, the multipliers "k", "M", etc. stand for powers of 1000 not powers of 1024.
		Nearby terms: bit-paired keyboard « bit pattern « bit plane « bit rate » bit-robbing » bit rot » bit slice
	foldoc.org /?bit+rate (157 words)

	Low Bit Rate (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		LAME was never intended for low bit rate applications, so the data we have here is full of distortions and sonic problems that we'll see again and again in later, diminished forms as the bit rates increase.
		At a bit rate of 32K, they all throw away the extreme highs (the first band is around 12-22 kilohertz, the second is around 16-22 kilohertz).
		There is no question that Fraunhofer wins by a mile for low bit rate encoding- the story is told not only by the sonogram, but most notably by the underlying charts derived from the sonogram.
	www.airwindows.com /encoders/lowbitrate (1377 words)

	Research on Rate Scalable Video Coding: SAMCoW (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Rate scalable video compression is appealing for applications where the bandwidth available cannot be guaranteed.
		Continuous rate scalable applications can prove valuable in scenarios where the channel is unable to provide a constant bandwidth to the application.
		One solution is to have the encoder lock on to a fixed data rate (usually the highest data rate) and let the decoder run freely.
	stargate.ecn.purdue.edu /~ips/research/samcow (691 words)

	Define bit - a Whatis.com definition - see also: binary digit (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		A bit (short for binary digit) is the smallest unit of data in a computer.
		The value of a bit is usually stored as either above or below a designated level of electrical charge in a single capacitor within a memory device.
		In telecommunication, the bit rate is the number of bits that are transmitted in a given time period, usually a second.
	whatis.techtarget.com /definition/0,,sid9_gci213816,00.html (241 words)

	What is bit? - A Word Definition From the Webopedia Computer Dictionary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Computers are sometimes classified by the number of bits they can process at one time or by the number of bits they use to represent addresses.
		For example, classifying a computer as a 32-bit machine might mean that its data registers are 32 bits wide or that it uses 32 bits to identify each address in memory.
		Graphics are also often described by the number of bits used to represent each dot.
	www.webopedia.com /TERM/b/bit.html (416 words)

	Bit Rate Resolution and Sampling Rate for Dummies - AudioReview Forums
		Bit Rate Resolution is the digital word length of each sample.
		RBCD bit rate resolution is 16bit which gives a 65,535 word length.
		The precision difference with bit rate is noticeable when you realize that most internet audio streams are at 8bit and digital telephones are at 4bit.
	forums.audioreview.com /showthread.php?t=4214 (329 words)

	High Bit Rate and Frame Rate Encoding (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Streaming high bit rate and frame rate video content using Windows Media Technologies (WMT) requires you to pay particular attention to the processing power and configuration of the platforms that make up your streaming system, as well as the quality of the source content.
		Encoding high bit rate content is not much different from encoding at lower data rates.
		If you are serving a substantial amount of on-demand content that is high bit rate and high frame rate, invest in several servers that are managed through a load balancing system.
	www.microsoft.com /technet/prodtechnol/netshow/deploy/hibitrt.mspx (3388 words)

	(WO 98/44641) OPTICAL BIT RATE CONVERTER (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The optical bit rate converter converts an ultra-high speed optical data stream to a lower rate optical data stream.
		In one embodiment, the optical bit rate converter converts the ultra-high speed optical data stream to a lower rate optical data stream that can be detected and processed electronically.
		The optical correlator produces a rate-converted optical data bit stream at its output in response to the repeating optical data bit pattern produced by the buffer and the optical sampling bit stream produced by the optical sampler.
	www.wipo.int /ipdl/IPDL-CIMAGES/view/pct/getbykey5?KEY=98/44641.981008 (389 words)

	Single-pass constant- and variable-bit-rate MPEG-2 video compression
		Equation (2) indicates that the picture rate is inversely proportional to the quantization factor.
		This is a different approach from that of the CBR RC algorithm, in which a fixed number of bits is allocated to each GOP regardless of the degree of complexity of the source.
		In this paper we have used it to build a causal predictive model to estimate the average bits of a present GOP to be encoded on the basis of the actual average number of GOP bits and average quantization factor of previous GOPs.
	www.research.ibm.com /journal/rd/434/mohsenian.html (9428 words)

	Macromedia SoundEdit 16 - Creating Streamable Shockwave Audio Files (SWA Files) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The bit rate determines both the streaming rate and quality of the output.
		A low bit rate produces a file that can stream at lower baud rates, but it loses some quality.
		Low bit rates are generally appropriate for the Internet, while higher bit rates are appropriate for intranet distribution.
	www.macromedia.com /support/soundedit/how/shock/creatswa.html (669 words)

	4i2i: H.263 Video coding tutorial
		To achieve this, the frame rate is reduced to about 5 or 6 frames per second and the image size is reduced to 96x64 or 80x64 pixels.
		The decoded frames are clearly recognizable, even at this very low bit rate, and the frame rate of 6 frames per second gives a reasonably "smooth" image.
		If you would like details on low bit rate video implementations in hardware and software then click here.
	www.4i2i.com /low_bit_rate_video.htm (316 words)

	Reading MP3 information in ASP (bit rate, ID tag etc.)
		But the bit rate, MPEG version, sampling frequency and the layer description are both - the most interesting information about the file and required if we want to be able to calculate the frame size.
		For example if the value passed to a bit logic function contains zeros for all the 16 most significant bits, VBScript may decide to put it in Short integer (2 bytes) and depending on the actual content it can be translated as negative short number and thus it will have some bits set in mistake.
		Some bits are read and then their meaning is translated in more convenient values in the properties of the object (in the code above Layer is one of the public properties of the class).
	code.newobjects.com /asp/mp3/article.htm (1470 words)

	RFC 3276 (rfc3276) - Definitions of Managed Objects for High Bit-Rate DSL
		Specified as a BITS construct, the two mode types are: region1 - ITU-T G.991.2 Annex A region2 - ITU-T G.991.2 Annex B o Hdsl2ShdslPerfCurrDayCount: Attributes with this syntax define the behavior of the 1-day (24 hour) gauges found in the MIB.
		Notifications corresponding to the bit fields in this object are defined.
		It should be noted that access to the MIB permits the unauthorized entity to modify the profiles (section 6.4) such that both subscriber service and network operations can be interfered with.
	www.faqs.org /rfcs/rfc3276.html (6251 words)

	What is bit rate? - A Word Definition From the Webopedia Computer Dictionary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The ratio of the number of bits that are transferred between devices in a specified amount of time, typically one second.
		Bit rate is the same as data rate, data transfer rate and bit time.
		Yokogawa: Bit Error Rate Testers - Supplies industrial automation and control, test and measurement, and information systems, including bit error rate testers.
	www.webopedia.com /TERM/b/bit_rate.html (104 words)

	High Bit Rate (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Bass over-ring is less than a third of what it was, the whole midrange is twice as tight as before- anyone using BladeEnc and considering higher bit rates should seriously consider 256K if they were even _thinking_ about using 192, as the improvement is all out of proportion to the added file size.
		This, of course indicates accuracy in reproduction, as a perfect reproduction would be a uniform fl across the entire sonogram- but the significance of the 'dark-seeming' noise block of Blade 320K is this: it's still not fantastic at transient attacks, but there is nothing to rival it in tonal purity.
		Blade is taking all the extra bits and putting them directly to the extreme highs without being overly fussed about pre-echo: the overpowering necessity here is to reproduce any tonality, no matter how demanding or subtle.
	www.airwindows.com /encoders/highbitrate (1609 words)

	iTunes 5 Brings Variable Bit Rate (VBR) AAC Encoding :: iPod Hacks :: The Latest and Greatest News and Info for Your ...
		One improvement that many may have missed (we have seen no discussion of it as yet) is the addition of variable bit rate (VBR) encoding for AAC files.
		With fixed bit rate encoding, every part of a track is encoded at the same bit rate, which is wasteful of disk space when you consider that, say, the thundering crescendo is a much more detailed sound than a period of almost total silence.
		Under VBR encoding, the encoder examines the type of audio that is about to be encoded and adjusts the actual bitrate used on that section of sound accordingly; for silence or simplistic waveforms the bitrate is lowered while, for complex areas of sound, a higher bitrate is used.
	www.ipodhacks.com /article.php?sid=1517 (1135 words)

	bit Power Tools - Compare Prices and Reviews - Shop Smart at Shopzilla! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Drill Bit Set, Long Series-Tight Fit Tools Threaded TightFit® drill bits are made of M7 high-speed steel...
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		Store ratings and product reviews are submitted by online shoppers; they do not reflect our opinions and we have no responsibility for their content.
	www.shopzilla.com /7Y_-_cat_id--25000600__keyword--bit+rate (525 words)

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