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Topic: Bit resolution

	Image Resolution
		However, although the term is not effective, image resolution commonly is referred to in dots per inch (dpi)—dpi more appropriately is attributed to device resolution or output resolution, where the number of dots an output device is able to produce within an inch represents the resolution of the device.
		Output resolution for computer-to-plate devices (i.e., platesetters) typically is about 2400dpi; however, because no significant visible improvement is realized when 2400ppi and 1200ppi monochrome images are compared, the range for monochrome image resolution is suggested as 900-1200ppi.
		This recommended resolution, as well as ranges suggested for other file types, assumes that images have been scanned at the same size intended for print (e.g., the typical image width is approximately 20 picas, or 3 1/3 inches, for a single-column image that will appear in a double-column standard size publication).
	dx.sheridan.com /advisor/image_resolution.html (893 words)

	16 Bit Analog Signals
		Sixteen bits versus twelve bits or fourteen bits or even eight bits is only part of the problem you have to consider if you are handling analogue signals.
		At 16 bits the resolution is about 0.244 micro-amps per unit or step.
		That is, perhaps a sensor with the necessary resolution, but not the range, is moved accurately through a fixed portion of the range where measurement is not necessary and then the measurement is taken.
	www.control.com /1026155211/index_html (2868 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The bit resolutions of the WFG 820 and the DAC's 830 are controlled by the bit resolution control logic 810 which adjusts the resolution to use as low a bit resolution as possible.
		The transceiver of claim 7, wherein the resolution of the analog-to-digital conversion device is selected based on the signal to noise ratio or signal to interference ratio of the received signal, and the crest factor is selected depending on the modulation format.
		The method of claim 16, wherein the resolution of the analog-to-digital conversion device is selected based on the signal to noise ratio or signal to interference ratio of the received signal, and the crest factor depends on the modulation format.
	www.wipo.int /cgi-pct/guest/getbykey5?KEY=01/18970.010315&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (5078 words)

	Articles - Bit resolution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Bit resolution is a term describing the dynamic range of a digital audio recording.
		Compact discs have a resolution of 16 bits, which equals 65536 discrete values and a theoretical maximum limit of 96 dB dynamic range.
		This is in part caused by the bit resolution of 16 bits and the ideal 96 dB dynamic range.
	www.masterize.com /articles/Bit_resolution (271 words)

	inform3d2b
		Resolution is determined by the number of pixels on a screen (dpi-dots per inch).
		The resolutions available depends on the combination of the quality of the graphics card, its memory and the native resolution of the monitor.
		Alter the size, resolution and bit depth of the image at its source or when it is scanned.
	www.uic.edu /classes/dadm/dadm396/lect4-04/info3d2b.htm (660 words)

	OLYMPUS MIC-D: Interactive Java Tutorial - Gray Level Resolution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Digital images having higher gray-level resolution are composed with a larger number of gray shades and have a greater dynamic range than those of lower gray-level resolution.
		The gray-level resolution of a digital image is related to the gray-level intensity of the optical image and the accuracy of the digitizing device used to capture the optical image.
		Because the number of bits available to the analog-to-digital converter is typically fixed, it is important to choose a digital camera or other digitizing device with brightness resolution that is adequate for the application.
	www.mic-d.com /java/digitalimaging/bitdepth (954 words)

	Transform Magazine - How Can You Minimize Scanned Image File Sizes?
		Bit depth is most often set at 2 bits for binary scanning, 8 bits for grayscale or 24 bits for color capture.
		Resolutions typically range from 100 dpi to 300 dpi in most document imaging applications, but can go as high as 600 dpi in unique cases.
		Of course, the lower the resolution of a file, the less readable it is. Most document management systems expect TIFF images to be at least 200 dpi, and typically optical character recognition software requires 300 dpi to properly read letters.
	www.transformmag.com /scan/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=18200844 (480 words)

	Tip#16, Video
		The first is resolution (the number of dots that make up you screen), and the second is bit depth (the number of colors each dot has the possibility of being).
		Resolution is simply the number of vertical and horizontal dots that make up your screen.
		A resolution of 640x480 means that there is a total of 307,200 pixels on the screen.
	www.themacintoshguy.com /mactips/archive/tip16.shtml (1746 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Typically, 9-bit resolution will be used for signatures on legal documents, whereas 8-bit resolution will provide a better compression ratio but at the loss of some quality in the decompressed signature.
		At method step 360, the common lower resolution format versions of the starting point data and the second point data are compared and a difference or differential be- tween these numbers is calculated.
		resolution ac- cording to the present invention, a compression ratio of 5.38: 1.
	www.wipo.int /cgi-pct/guest/getbykey5?KEY=99/56239.011004&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (6657 words)

	Resolution vs Accuracy vs Sensitivity Cutting Through the Confusion
		In the data acquisition world, resolution most often is expressed as a number of bits, such as 12, 16, or 20.
		To relate bits of resolution to actual measurement parameters such as voltage or temperature, first you must do some math.
		Remember that resolution is the ratio between the maximum signal we are measuring and the smallest part we can resolve.
	www.evaluationengineering.com /archive/articles/1298pct.htm (1702 words)

	Resolution - Tutorial - Development Library - National Instruments (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The smallest “tick” on the yardstick is the resolution.
		The resolution of a n-bit analog-to-digital Converter (ADC) is a function of how many parts the maximum signal can be divided into.
		Resolution can be expressed in bits (LSB), in proportions, or in percent of full scale.
	zone.ni.com /devzone/conceptd.nsf/webmain/A423AC5664191A0986256F310055FFA5?opendocument (446 words)

	Digital Audio Terms
		Resolution- When the continuous audio waveform is measured (sampled), the resolution indicates how much "precision" is used for each measurement.
		For some applications, resolution is already limited by the system, so it makes little sense to record at higher resolution.
		Recording telephone conversations at 8 bit resolution may be fine-- higher resolution may not be necessary.
	www.wdog.com /rider/class/audio_terms.htm (719 words)

	Electronic Products
		Resolution is the number of bits of accuracy that the converter can replicate: the higher the resolution, the more precise the result.
		To achieve n bits of resolution, a successive approximation converter must perform n comparator operations, each stored in the register.
		In this case, 8 to 10-bit resolution is sufficient, but higher speeds (>200 Msamples/s) are required to sample at faster rates.
	www.electronicproducts.com /ShowPage.asp?SECTION=3700&PRIMID=&FileName=sepfai1.sep2003 (1203 words)

	Digital Imaging: Introduction (Microscopy & Imaging, Cellular Imaging Core, SWEHSC)
		The word resolution has a specific technical meaning to microscope users, namely the ability to distinguish between two closely adjacent objects at a given magnification.
		Image resolution is often confused with the resolution of the output device (computer monitor or printer).
		Comparing these output resolution numbers could cause a user to come to some misleading conclusions, please see the Digital Imaging: Hardware web page for more information on printing technologies.The safest thing to do is to "think pixels first".
	swehsc.pharmacy.arizona.edu /exppath/micro/digimageintro.html (997 words)

	[music-dsp] sound card for laptop with lower cutoff less than 1Hz ? [OT] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		As far as your specific example goes, the ratio of increase in sampling rate to allowable decrease in bit depth depends on the implementation, and what kind of noise shaping is done.
		You get 2 bits of resolution because the possible results for averaging four binary (0 or 1) values are: 0,0.25,0.5,0.75, and 1.
		In other areas where the required output sampling rate is higher, it is not (yet) practical to run at large oversampling ratios, so more bits are used in the front end (and lots of research is done on noise-shaping algorithms!).
	shoko.calarts.edu /pipermail/music-dsp/2002-May/015803.html (736 words)

	[music-dsp] Questions regarding Digital Audio Amplitude with respect to Bit depth (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		24 bit integer file format has about the same resolution as 32 bit float file format, but any signals over 0 dB are clipped when written to disk, so you have to take more care in every stage of the process.
		But the quiet track's lost fine resolution is buried in the "digital rounding noise" in the lower few bits of the mix.
		If you do the mix in a single step, direct from source track files out to a 24 bit or 32 bit final file, virtually everything happening inside the sequencer is at 32 bit or better resolution, and the fidelity ought to be very good.
	shoko.calarts.edu /pipermail/music-dsp/2002-August/017406.html (844 words)

	Video Color Resolution, A Bit More Technical
		The reason is likely to be poor color resolution in at least one place in the signal path, anywhere from the recording of source material on the disk to the color circuits in the TV.
		If color resolution is stated in terms of bandwidth, it is only necessary for the transition to go 50% of the way to the desired color, or if there were several narrow red bars with equally narrow blue spaces, the transitions need only go from 25% to 75%.
		It is true that, in its early days, color TV in practice was limited to 240 lines of luminance resolution while fl and white telecasts continued to have 330 lines of resolution.
	members.aol.com /ajaynejr/vidcol2.htm (3828 words)

	FAQs
		A primary factor in achieving high resolution images is to match your telescope's focal length to your CCD's pixels size.
		The optimum level of digitization required depends on the electron resolution of the CCD (derived from the RMS noise of the CCD's output stage) and the full well capacity of the CCD.
		It would seem that 12-bits (4,096 counts) is sufficient, however there is always error in the resolution of the last bit and it is generally good practice to adjust the camera signal output to a resolution of at least 7 e's per count or one half the 15 e RMS output noise of the CCD.
	www.fli-cam.com /FLIsupport/faqs.htm (1093 words)

	Acromag - IP Knowledge Base full explaination
		Answer: The resolution of the A/D or the D/A is strictly dependent on the needs of the application, not on the resolution of another IP in the bus.
		If you are trying to control a mechanical device, such as a valve, it is unlikely the valve's position would be able to change in this small of an increment.
		For the same reason, there is no advantage in selecting 16-bit resolution for your A/D if the signal to be measured is of low quality.
	www.acromag.com /subb_support_con3.cfm (242 words)

	Q (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		In multi-bit converters, each bit is assigned a voltage level in the converter, and for each sample, the output is the sum of the voltage levels of the "on" bits.
		With a 3 bit processor, however, we'd have a separate amplifier for each bit, all of which would be on or off for the entire sample duration of 1 second.
		Yes, because many of the 16 bit recordings use noise shaping techniques to increase their resolution in the more audible band, so that the playback system must surpass 16 bit resolution to take advantage of that.
	www.sdinfo.com /qa/qa9798/qa53.html (2224 words)

	Chapter 2: Analog to Digital Conversion
		The resolution is usually specified with respect to the full-range reading of the ADC, not with respect to the measured value at any particular instant.
		Then the DAC’s most significant bit (MSB) is set to 1, which forces the DAC output to 1/2 of full scale (in the case of a 10-V full-scale system, the DAC outputs 5.0 V).
		Most ADCs are not as accurate as their specified resolution, however, because other errors contribute to the overall error such as gain, linearity, missing codes, and offset (See Figures 2.07B, C, D, and E, respectively).
	www.iotech.com /handbook/chapt_2.html (3725 words)

	16-bit ADC provides 19-bit resolution - 2/21/2002 - EDN (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		In CT scanners, 16- to 22-bit resolution is necessary for the data-acquisition system to process the large dynamic range of the X-rays through various body tissues.
		A programmable-gain amplifier ahead of this converter must be able to settle quickly enough with the same resolution and speed as the ADC.
		The circuit automatically boosts the ADC accuracy to 19 bits while maintaining a full-speed sampling rate of 1M sample/sec.
	www.edn.com /article/CA196483.html (1004 words)

	A bit about Resolution Independence - Topic Ars OpenForum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The beginings of resolution independance is one of the Tiger features most interesting to me, so I decided to explore it's state in 10.4.1, and try to figure out what it would take for a Cocoa developer to make a good resolution-independant capable app.
		It appears that CoreGraphics is entirely ready for Resolution Independance, but it's also quite aparent that neither Carbon or Cocoa's built-in widgets are ready, primarily because they still draw using raster images.
		If you use bitmaps, they have to have a fixed resolution (like icons do now, only the OS interpolates down from the nearest size included), which will never look quite as good, though it can be close with high-res images.
	episteme.arstechnica.com /eve/ubb.x/a/tpc/f/8300945231/m/939001643731 (4486 words)

	TR Electronic rotary absolute and incremental software programmable encoders (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The HE-58 is a dedicated encoder, factory pre set to your required resolution.
		The HE-65 is a dedicated encoder, factory pre set to your required resolution.
		Maximum resolution of 17 bit per revolution and a max.
	www.trelectronic.com /products/rotaryencoders/rotarys_index.htm (1004 words)

	High Resolution frequency Response Analysis (FRA) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The output voltage and the respective current are recorded with help of a special designed transient recorder TR-AS 25-12 with a basic resolution of 12 Bit at 25 MS/s maximum sampling rate, an adapted bandwidth of 5 MHz and minimized noise of 0.013% (type test).
		The basic resolution of 12 Bit is improoved by a repetitive averaging technique accumulating a number of voltage and current records phase-equivalent in the time domain.
		Depending on the number of accumulations, resulting resolutions up to 32 Bit are reached with a significant reduced noise.
	www.hvtechnologies.com /prod_fra.htm (1057 words)

	Pico Technology Ltd. Product Descriptions
		Most PC based modules offer only 8 bits of A/D converter resolution which is acceptable for oscilloscope applications but are rather mediocre when it comes to spectrum analysis, especially in moderate to high end audio applications where 48 dB of dynamic range is not suitable.
		Unlike most digital storage oscilloscopes which typically have 8 bit resolution and poor DC accuracy, these units are accurate to 1% and have either 12 or 16 bit resolution.
		As well as high vertical resolution, the ADC-212/3 and ADC-216 both have large 32k waveform buffers, so it is possible to capture complex signals and then expand areas of interest to show fine detail.
	www.atcweb.com /pico200.htm (1820 words)

	What You Need to Know about Graphics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The resolution you choose determines how many colors will be allotted to the image.
		Bit depth is a way to refer to the maximum number of colors your image can contain.
		Typically, a laser printer may print a graphic with a resolution of 300 dots per inch (dpi).
	www.cs.cmu.edu /~missy/Webcourse/graphics.html (711 words)

	Dither
		The 4 bit resolution uses only 16 levels of the sound file.
		The results assume that the 16 bit resolution represents the "true" 2 kHz sine wave.
		The results show that, in the 4 bit resolution, the quantization process produces harmonic distortion.
	www.aipl.com /dither.html (406 words)

	Recording Equipment (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		To use full 16 bit resolution that CD has, we need more bits for the recording system.
		Over 20 bit is mandatory needed for contemporary hifi digital recording.
		So our 2 track 24 bit recorder and 32 bit editor have potential to get better sound quality than the one consumer CD has.
	members.aol.com /kkenami/sub2eg.htm (216 words)

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