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	Ronald Reagan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Through its desire to quell leftist governments and Marxist insurgencies in the region the Reagan administration was accused of sponsoring right-wing military dictatorships throughout Latin America, and the CIA and U.S.-based School of the Americas are accused of training human rights abusers such as Honduran death squads in assassination and torture techniques.
		Amidst a great international furor the scene was set for a common American-French-Italian military intervention, Israel justified its breech of the previous cross-border cease-fire by citing the attempted assassination of the Israeli ambassador in London and a build-up of Palestinian armaments in South Lebanon.
		On April 11, the White House announced that Reagan would be visiting the Bitburg military cemetery together with Chancellor Helmut Kohl, to lay a wreath in honor of German soldiers who died in both World Wars.
	publicliterature.org /en/wikipedia/r/ro/ronald_reagan.html (6441 words)

	Why War? Keywords: Ronald Reagan
		A generation ago, Ronald Reagan insisted on laying a wreath at a West German cemetery in Bitburg, even tho...
		Reagan's policies included strong support of the U.S. military and the doctrine of "peace through strength." One of his more controversial proposals was the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI), a missile defense system, hoping to make the U.S. invulnerable to attack by the Soviet Union.
		On April 11, the White House announced that Reagan would be visiting the Bitburg military cemetery, to lay a wreath in honor of German soldiers who died in both World Wars.
	www.why-war.com /encyclopedia/read.php?offset=15&id=236&sortby= (2875 words)

	Jay Plum
		The laying of a wreath at the cemetery and the President's speech are historically significant because they marked the 40th Anniversary of the Allied victory in World War II.
		The concerns of this group were not a result of the presence of graves of SS soldiers but, rather, with the fact that many of the remaining soldiers buried at Bitburg were involved in the American massacre at the Battle of the Bulge (Haeger 26).
		The discourse stemming from Bitburg occurred in the maturity stage of the situation.
	www2.edutech.nodak.edu /ndsta/plum.htm (3403 words)

	56. Bitburg
		During a November 1984 visit to the White House, Kohl appealed to Reagan to join him in appearing at a German military cemetery to symbolize the reconciliation of their two countries, once mortal enemies and now staunch allies.
		Kohl suggested the Kolmeshohe Cemetery at Bitburg, a quaint town in the Eifel hills where nearly 11,000 Americans attached to a nearby airbase lived in harmony with the same number of Germans.
		The last thing the administration needed was the distraction caused by the Bitburg fiasco -- a fiasco that had lingering effects, as it left some to wonder whether Reagan, a master of political symbolism endowed with previously impeccable political instincts, was beginning to lose his magic touch.
	eightiesclub.tripod.com /id342.htm (1790 words)

	Pat Buchanan - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		He also recommended that Reagan lay a wreath at a military cemetery in Bitburg, West Germany, a move that later proved controversial when it was discovered that several SS members were also buried there.
		As an advisor to the Reagan Administration, Buchanan urged the President to visit a German military cemetery at Bitburg, in which were buried 48 members of the SS, over the objections of Jewish groups.
		I think that there's nothing wrong with visiting that cemetery where those young men are victims of Nazism also, even though they were fighting in the German uniform, drafted into service to carry out the hateful wishes of the Nazis.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pat_Buchanan (4467 words)

	Maus and Bitburg
		Before Bitburg, at Bitburg, and in the aftermath, Reagan attempted to utilize his general skill to talk his way out of the bad publicity the visit engendered.
		Nonetheless, Reagan still integrated his Bergen-Belsen speech with his German Military Cemetery visit to emphasize his vision of a future where the past is forgotten and the present means belief in a Soviet-free future.
		In the cultural milieu of 1985, Reagan attempted to narrow historical meaning at Bitburg and curb memory to reveal a Holocaust that, from the perspective of international politics, should be harnessed and controlled.
	eightiesclub.tripod.com /id401.htm (4746 words)

	Publisher description for Library of Congress control number 88009969 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		This book is the first comprehensive narrative and analysis of the efforts of German military professionals to discover for their new army an acceptable body of tradition in the proud, ambiguous, and at times criminal history of the German soldier.
		The author shows that, despite a complex of political obstacles, the founders of the Bundeswehr generally succeeded in persuading the international community and Germany itself that the army of the 1950s and 1960s would not revive the militarism of the past.
		However, the rapidity of the military buildup was a major drawback to their reform ideas.
	www.loc.gov /catdir/description/prin031/88009969.html (273 words)

	Ronald Reagan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		In contrast considered socialist forces and enemies of U.S. allies such as the Hezbollah guerrillas in Lebanon Palestinian guerrillas in the West Bank and Gaza Strip and left-wing guerrillas fighting right-wing military dictatorships in Honduras and El Salvador to be terrorists.
		Through its desire to quell leftist governments Marxist insurgencies in the region the Reagan was accused of sponsoring right-wing military dictatorships throughout Latin America and the CIA U.S.-based School of the Americas are accused of training human rights abusers such as Honduran death squads assassination and torture techniques.
		Amidst a great international the scene was set for a common military intervention Israel justified its breech of previous cross-border cease-fire by citing the attempted of the Israeli ambassador in London and a build-up of Palestinian armaments South Lebanon.
	www.freeglossary.com /Ronald_Reagan (5804 words)

	Reagan Joins Kohl in Brief Memorial at Bitburg Graves
		Reagan's visit to Bergen-Belsen, in addition to the Kolmeshohe Cemetery at Bitburg, was designed to merge past and present - to pay homage to the millions of victims of Nazi Germany and to honor West Germany's emergence as a powerful democracy and ally of the United States.
		Bitburg's German population of 12,500 is almost matched by the 10,600 American military personnel and dependents attached to the 36th Tactical Fighter Wing.
		Kohl traveled by limousine to the military cemetery, in the town's western suburbs, where they were met by an American and West German honor guard.
	www.nytimes.com /1985/05/06/international/europe/06REAG.html (1235 words)

	Stars & Stripes
		BITBURG, Germany — President Reagan honored Jewish victims of the Holocaust and German war dead Sunday in his effort to celebrate 40 years of peace between the United States and Germany despite protests from Jewish and American veterans' groups.
		Reagan, with German Chancellor Helmut Kohl by his side, laid a wreath at the military cemetery In Bitburg, where 49 Waffen SS soldiers are buried among 2,000 German war dead from two world wars.
		Bitburg AB had hoped that Reagan would have time to join a base picnic and a second-grade class had hoped to meet him.
	www.stripes.com /article.asp?section=104&article=17397&archive=true&vm=r (1332 words)

	Event Archive: Kiron Skinner - Commonwealth Club
		Similarly, he made a decision in the middle of his presidency, in '85, to visit the German Nazi cemetery at Bitburg, a military cemetery where SS Storm Troopers were buried.
		He went to both, but he kept Bitburg on his itinerary because he said he wanted to go there and state that Nazism was an evil, but it was also an evil that affected the soldiers themselves; that those who participated in the Nazi regime were as much victims as the rest of the world.
		He came out of the Bitburg controversy, despite the fact that he was being told by many close advisors not to go there; that he would be seen as anti-Semitic.
	www.commonwealthclub.org /archive/04/04-06skinner-speech.html (2356 words)

	Remarks at a Joint German-American Military Ceremony at Bitburg Air Base in the Federal Republic of Germany
		Our duty today is to mourn the human wreckage of totalitarianism, and today in Bitburg cemetery we commemorated the potential good in humanity that was consumed back then, 40 years ago.
		Or perhaps his children or his grandchildren might be among you here today at the Bitburg Air Base, where new generations of Germans and Americans join together in friendship and common cause, dedicating their lives to preserving peace and guarding the security of the free world.
		She urged me to lay the wreath at Bitburg cemetery in honor of the future of Germany.
	www.reagan.utexas.edu /archives/speeches/1985/50585b.htm (1848 words)

	Commentary Magazine - Bitburg: Who Forgot What (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		...If Bitburg was a political embarrassment to Ronald Reagan, and far from a triumph for Helmut Kohl, for Jews it was an opportunity-for many too many a lost one-to make it clear to themselves just how stern and relentless is the real task of remembering the Holocaust and keeping faith with their dead...
		...If there was wide agreement among them that the President should cancel his visit to Bitburg, and nearly universal agreement that he should change his mind and visit a concentration camp, there was, too, a fairly speedy surrender to the idea that Bitburg was fundamentally and in the main a Jewish issue...
		...At the Bitburg cemetery he was, for obvious reasons, positively stiff with expressionlessness...
	www.commentarymagazine.com /Summaries/V80I2P23-1.htm (6218 words)

	NCSJ - Reagan's Legacy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Reagan’s decision to visit the Bitburg military cemetery in Germany in 1985, despite the fact that it contained graves of SS soldiers who had committed war-crime massacres, led to protests and a month of back-room negotiations between administration officials and Jewish leaders.
		Reagan’s reputation among Jewish voters was tainted also by his 1985 trip to Germany that included a visit to a cemetery in Bitburg where some Waffen SS soldiers were buried.
		“Bitburg was chosen because it was one of the few German cities with a [U.S.] Air Force base with good relations between the base and the town,” Breger said.
	www.ncsj.org /AuxPages/060704JTA_Reagan.shtml (4850 words)

	Center for Catholic/Jewish Studies \| Page Title (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Earlier that year members of the president's senior staff had visited the German military cemetery in Bitburg.
		Angry Jewish groups protested the proposed presidential visit to Bitburg, and they were joined by prominent Christian leaders who were also concerned Reagan's presence would provide legitimacy to the SS.
		It was made clear to the president that while we supported American-German reconciliation, a military cemetery with SS graves was not the appropriate place to give symbolic expression to that goal.
	www.centerforcatholicjewishstudies.org /Content/news/commentary_06_11_04.htm (738 words)

	The Jewish Week (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Somehow, Reagan’s advance team missed the fact that in the Bitburg cemetery to which Chancellor Helmut Kohl had invited the president for a wreath-laying ceremony of “reconciliation,” 49 SS Nazi storm troopers were buried among 2,000 German soldiers.
		Reagan eventually added a visit to the concentration camp Bergen-Belsen to his itinerary and limited his Bitburg visit to an eight-minute wreath-laying ceremony, where he was accompanied by his wife and the legendary war hero Gen. Matthew Ridgeway for extra cover.
		In many ways, the Bitburg visit was not a gaffe because it reflected Reagan’s idiosyncratic mix of zeal tempered by sentimentality.
	www.thejewishweek.com /top/editletcontent.php3?artid=4167&print=yes (825 words)

	Dudeldorf Things To Do - Travel Guides - VirtualTourist.com
		Bitburger is brewed in the small town of Bitburg, located just 30 minutes from the Luxemburg border.
		Bitburg was also home to a US Air Force Base throughout the Cold War.
		Today Kolmeshohe Cemetery is a peaceful place, perfect for remembering the sacrifices our forefathers made to end Nazi tyranny and make the world safe for Democracy.
	www.virtualtourist.com /travel/Europe/Germany/Land_Rheinland_Pfalz/Dudeldorf-67708/Things_To_Do-Dudeldorf-BR-1.html (1012 words)

	AICGS: EVENT LIST (The Jewish Voice in German-American Relations 4/11/2003)
		Bitburg, which was a German military cemetery, housed not only members of the Luftwaffe from World War I and II but, more controversially, also SS soldiers.
		Despite the protests of American and International Jewish groups, President Reagan continued with his planned visit to the cemetery, which housed the graves of known perpetrators of war crimes.
		This type of diplomacy is not contradictory according to Malte Lehming of Der Tagesspiegel because Europeans support change through political terms and not through military force.
	www.aicgs.org /eventlist/view.aspx?ID=67&top_parent=156 (1451 words)

	Jewish War Veterans (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Both the Conference of Presidents and the NJCRAC called on JWV to take a leadership role in mobilizing public opinion opposing President Reagan's visit to the Bitburg Cemetery in West Germany where Nazi storm troopers were buried.
		At the onset of the war, the Department of Defense approved JWV's request to establish a command post desk in the Pentagon manned by retired JWV field officers with prior military duty at the Pentagon.
		At the suggestion of the Commission on Jewish Chaplaincy, JWV rushed a special printing of pocket-sized Jewish bibles which was airlifted to Jewish personnel in the Gulf War.
	www.jwv.org /communication/timelinegroupearly14.cfm (792 words)

	A Bama Blog: Remembering the Holocaust
		Reagan's visit was extremely controversial at the time: later that day, he would visit the Bitburg military cemetery, which served as the final resting place for about 2000 German soldiers, among them 48 of Hitler's Schutzstaffel - the SS.
		The reaction of various Jewish organizations ranged from disappointment to outrage, but Reagan went on with the trip, viewing it as a symbol of America's friendship with Germany and a clear expression that American would never forget about the Holocaust.
		Today, we've been grimly reminded why the commandant of this camp was named "the Beast of Belsen.'' Above all, we're struck by the horror of it all -- the monstrous, incomprehensible horror.
	abamablog.blogspot.com /2006/04/remembering-holocaust.html (1116 words)

	Bitburg AB !!!!
		I remember it was colder than hell and Major Ryder, the Base Co. thought it was a jolly good idea, since the A. P's were patrolling the base anyway, we could take fire watch in the officer's tents.
		Pete, always thinking, let it be known that there was a midnight curfew for all military personnel, enlisted and officers, American and French, and nobody questioned it so we had all the frauleins to ourselves.
		People who were stationed at Bitburg after it became a base don't realize what a dorf it was.
	www.kulow.us /bitburg_ab_pictures.htm (683 words)

	The Harvard Crimson :: News :: Throwing the Hatchet
		Instead, he decided to visit a German war cemetery where some of Adolf Hitler's SS troops are buried.
		In the cynical wake of Vietnam, modern observers have a tendency to have a relativistic view of the aftermath of a war.
		Administration officials were testing public reaction, and when it was indignant, claimed the plan was "tentative" when the original itinerary contained no such word.
	www.thecrimson.com /printerfriendly.aspx?ref=235430 (588 words)

	Amazon.com: Bitburg in Moral and Political Perspective: Books: Geoffrey Hartman (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Hartman, author of Criticism in the Wilderness, English professor and faculty adviser to the Video Archive of Holocaust Testimonies at Yale, here gathers essays by American and European historians and scholars about President Reagan's controversial May 1985 visit to a cemetery in Bitburg, West Germany, where Waffen SS soldiers are buried.
		President Reagan's highly controversial wreath-laying ceremony at the military cemetery at Bitburg, Germany in 1985 and the furor it aroused occasioned this book, which constitutes a retrospective reflection on the meaning of that event.
		The book not only sheds light on the Bitburg trip but represents a case study of how to evaluate the humanistic implications of historical events.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0253344301?v=glance (723 words)

	UCOG: A D(ifficult)-Day for Germans: 60th anniversary of D-Day
		In view of the personal loss Schröder suffered – he never got to know his dad – it seems odd that the first German chancellor ever to take part in the June 6 D-Day memorial celebrations in Normandy, France, would be criticized by the opposition parties in Germany for displaying a lack of patriotism.
		In comments made to the "Bild-Zeitung", Peter Ramsauer, a member of the German Bundestag from the Christian Socialist Union (CSU) party, criticized Schröder's decision not to visit a German military cemetery during his visit to Normandy.
		Kohl was not intimidated by protests over the fact that some German SS soldiers were also buried at the Bitburg cemetery.
	www.ucog.org /news.php?strArticle=NEWS/2004-06-04.htm (280 words)

	bitburg
		Since thousands of Nazi soldiers, including SS storm troopers, were buried in the cemetery, this created an outcry, especially among Holocaust survivors and the Jewish community in general.
		They argued that Reagan's visit to the cemetery would be seen as condoning or downplaying the horror of the concentration camps.
		Having grown up with questions like these, I understood the furor over President Reagan's visit to the German cemetery which included graves of the "elite" Storm troopers who were so often associated with the horror of the concentration camps.
	www-ee.stanford.edu /~hellman/opinion/bitburg.html (848 words)

	TV VIEW; SOLID JOURNALISM OUTSHONE TECHNICAL WIZARDRY - New York Times
		Thus, while correspondents roamed all over Vietnam last spring, pondering, explaining and trying to come to grips, the clearest picture of what Vietnam meant was presented by Marvin Kalb, who stayed home.
		Jennings, however, was the only network anchor at Bitburg, possibly because while Bitburg was an important story, it wasn't a big story to cover.
		Reagan would be in the cemetery only a few minutes.
	query.nytimes.com /gst/fullpage.html?res=9A02E2DC133BF93AA15751C1A963948260 (636 words)

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