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Topic: Bithynia et Pontus

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	Bithynia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Bithynia as a province of the Roman Empire, 120 AD Bithynia was an ancient province in the northwest of Asia Minor, adjoining the Propontis, the Thracian Bosporus and the Euxine (today Black Sea).
		As a Roman province, the boundaries of Bithynia frequently varied, and it was commonly united for administrative purposes with the province of Pontus.
		Bithynia appears to have attracted so much attention because of its roads and its strategic position between the frontiers of the Danube in the north and the Euphrates in the southeast.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bithynia (902 words)

	Bithynia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Bithynia was an ancient province in the northwest of Asia Minor, adjoining the Propontis, the Thracian Bosporus and the Black Sea (Euxine).
		According to Strabo it was bounded on the east by the river Sangarius (modern Sakarya river), but the more commonly received division extended it to the Parthenius, which separated it from Paphlagonia, thus comprising the district inhabited by the Mariandyni.
		Bithynia as a province of the Roman Empire, 120 AD a Roman province, the boundaries of Bithynia frequently varied, and it was commonly united for administrative purposes with the province of Pontus.
	hallencyclopedia.com /Bithynia (1119 words)

	Bithynia et Pontus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		In 75 or 74 BC king Nicomedes died leaving his kingdom of Bithynia to the Roman empire.
		However king Mithridates of Pontus attacked Rome's new possession in 74 BC.
		Rome's victory in this conflict resulted in the conquest of Pontus in 66 BC, which was created into the joint province of Bithynia and Pontus in 64 BC.
	www.roman-empire.net /maps/empire/provinces/trajan/bith-pontus.html (57 words)

	PONTUS - LoveToKnow Article on PONTUS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Hereafter the simple name Pontus without qualification was regularly employed to denote the half of this dual province, especially by Romans and people speaking from the Roman point of view; it is so used almost always in the New Testament.
		This region is regarded by the geographer Strabo (A.D. 1920), himself a native of the country, as Pontus in the strict sense of the term (Geogr.
		Its native population was of the same stock as that of Cappadocia, of which it had formed a part, an Oriental race often called by the Greeks Leucosyri or White Syrians, as distinguished from the southern Syrians, who were of a darker complexion, but their precise ethnological relations are uncertain.
	36.1911encyclopedia.org /P/PO/PONTUS.htm (1173 words)

	Pontus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		After the colonisation of the Anatolian shores by the Ionian Greeks, Pontus soon became a name which was applied, in ancient times, to extensive tracts of country in the northeast of Asia Minor (modern Turkey) bordering on the Euxine (Black Sea), which was often called simply Pontos (the Main), by the Greeks.
		The kingdom of Pontus was henceforth ruled by a succession of kings, mostly bearing the same name, till 64 BC.
		Pontus continued to be an autonomous state under the Imperial rule of Constantinople through most of the history of the Byzantine Empire.
	www.toshare.info /en/Pontus.htm (490 words)

	Ancient coinage of Bithynia
		On the death of King Nicomedes III, B.C. 74, Bithynia was constituted a Roman Province.
		The limits of the Province were subsequently enlarged, notably by the Pontic dominions of Mithradates Eupator, the whole Province being known as ‘Pontus et Bithynia'.
		Between the conquest of Bithynia by the Romans, B.C. 72, and the accession of Augustus occur the coins of two queens, Musa, daughter of Orsobaris, and Orodaltis, daughter of a King Lycomedes (Reinach, Tr.
	www.snible.org /coins/hn/bithynia.html (2350 words)

	Caesius Verus, Centurion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Verus' burial and inscription, however, were in Pontus et Bithynia.
		A possible reason for the odd location of the inscription is that the legion with which Verus was centurion at the time of his death, the 5
		Macedonica, was stationed in Pontus et Bithynia for part of the later first century (where it participated in the quelling of a revolt in Judea) before it was transferred to Moesia in the reign of Vespasian.
	www.personal.kent.edu /~bkharvey/roman/texts/soldVerus.htm (301 words)

	de Bithynien Bithynia was an ancient district in the...
		de:Bithynien "Bithynia" was an ancient district in the northwest of Asia Minor Asia Minor, adjoining the Propontis Propontis, the Thracian Thracian Bosporus Bosporus and the Black Sea Black Sea (Euxine Euxine).
		As a Roman province, the boundaries of Bithynia frequently varied, and it was commonly united for administrative purposes with the province of Pontus Pontus.
		Under the Byzantine Byzantine empire Bithynia was again divided into two provinces, separated by the Sangarius, to the west of which the name of Bithynia was restricted.
	www.biodatabase.de /Bithynia (820 words)

	Bryn Mawr Classical Review 2004.04.09
		Due to Roman cultural influence the cities of Bithynia and Pontus started to organize gladiatorial combats -- like the whole Greek East -- in close connection with the municipal and provincial priests of the imperial cult.
		In a book on Bithynia and Pontus there must of course be a note on the famous Alexander of Abonuteichos.
		Additionally he presents the cultural achievements of Bithynia and Pontus in literature, philosophy, rhetoric and jurisprudence.
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /bmcr/2004/2004-04-09.html (1425 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Elect according to the in sanctificatione Spiritus in foreknowledge of God the Father, oboedientiam et aspersionem sanguinis through sanctification of the Spirit, Iesu Christi gratia vobis et pax unto obedience and sprinkling of the multiplicetur blood of Jesus Christ: Grace unto you, and peace, be multiplied.
		To an inheritance incorruptible, incontaminatam et inmarcescibilem and undefiled, and that fadeth not conservatam in caelis in vobis away, reserved in heaven for you, 1:5 qui in virtute Dei custodimini per 5.
		But as he which hath called you is sanctum et ipsi sancti in omni holy, so be ye holy in all manner of conversatione sitis conversation; 1:16 quoniam scriptum est sancti 16.
	faculty.acu.edu /~goebeld/vulgata/newtest/1peter/v1pet1.htm (810 words)

	Livy: the Periochae of Books 76-80
		Caesis et a Mamerco Aemilio legato Italicis Silo Poppaedius, dux Marsorum, auctor eius rei, in proelio cecidit.
		cum exercitu in urbem venit et adversus factionem Sulpici et Mari in ipsa urbe pugnavit eamque expulit.
		King Mithridates of Pontus, having occupied Bithynia and Cappadocia and having expelled governor Aquilius, invaded Phrygia, a province of the Roman people, with an enormous army.
	www.livius.org /li-ln/livy/periochae/periochae076.html (1344 words)

	[No title]
		At the end of the war, Mithridates was defeated by the Roman armies of Commander Lucullus, near Myrlea (Mudanya).
		At the same time, it was an administrative center of “Pontus et Bithynia" province.
		This historical building, transformed to be a mosque by Orhan 1, during the period of Ottoman Empire, have ruins of a minaret, was built by Sinan the Architect.
	www.angelfire.com /ar/atay/NICAEA/History.html (1412 words)

	Ancient coins of Pontus
		Mithradates I, B.C. 302-266, founder of the Kingdom of Pontus.
		Polemo II, son of Antonia Tryphaena, king of Pontus, A.D. and king of Bosporus till A.D. JR Drachms, with head of Polemo H and heads of Claudius, Agrippina 0), Nero, Britannicus; also with Tryphaena (q.
		The Bosporan coinage of Mithradates VI Eupator, king of Pontus, is described under his name, supra, p.
	www.snible.org /coins/hn/pontus.html (1905 words)

	Pontus - Unipedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Pontus was a name applied in ancient times to extensive tracts of country in the northeast of Asia Minor (modern Turkey) bordering on the Euxine (Black Sea), which was often called simply Pontos (the Main), by the Greeks.
		Part of the kingdom was now annexed to the Roman Empire, being united with Bithynia in a double province called Pontus and Bithynia: this part included only the seaboard between Heracleia (Eregli) and Amisus (Samsun), the ora Pontica.
		Evagrius of Pontus: The Greek Ascetic Corpus Translation, Introduction, and Commentary (Oxford Early Christian Studies)
	www.unipedia.info /Pontus.html (487 words)

	Apr 11
		O eternal Shepherd, do thou look favourably upon thy flock, which we beseech thee to guard and keep for evermore, through the blessed Leo, thy Supreme Pontiff, whom thou didst choose to be the chief shepherd of the whole Church.
		Peter, an apostle of Jesus Christ, to the strangers scattered throughout Pontus, Galatia, Cappadocia, Asia, and Bithynia, elect according to the foreknowledge of God the Father, through sanctification of the Spirit, unto obedience and sprinkling of the blood of Jesus Christ: Grace unto you, and peace, be multiplied.
		Et implévit eum Dóminus spíritu sapiéntiæ et intelléctus.
	www.breviary.net /propsaints/propsaints04/propsaints04114.htm (2794 words)

	cv-Jesper (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Prior to my appointment at the Danish National Research Foundation' s Centre for Black sea Studies, I taught Greek and Roman history to undergraduate students at the University of Southern Denmark; I was a visiting scholar at the University of Parma in 2000-2001, and a fellow at the Danish Institute in Rome in 1999-2001.
		In this connection it is also important to note that the Greek critics that have been taken as the most critical between the Greeks, such as Dio Chrysostom, Aristides and Plutarch, are in just as many examples very positive towards Rome and the Roman present.
		The idea that Greece resisted the Romans is open to dispute, and it is the object of this project to study the relations that existed between the Romans and the Greek and native population along the southern and southwestern coast of the Black Sea (Bithynia et Pontos).
	www.pontos.dk /cv-Jesper.htm (538 words)

	Empire in 109 A.D. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Empire in 109 A.D. In 109 A.D., Trajan transferred the province of Thrace from an equestrian governor over to an imperial legate of praetorian rank.
		He also took Pontus et Bithynia from the Senate and put it under the control of a consular legate (Pliny the Younger being the first of those imperial legates in Pontus et Bithynia).
		It was probably at this time that Sardinia was transferred over to the Senate in exchange for Pontus et Bithynia.
	www.personal.kent.edu /~bkharvey/roman/expansion/emp109ad.htm (98 words)

	BMCR-L: BMCR 2004.04.09, Christian Marek, Pontus et Bithynia
		As one would have expected, it turns out to be a well-made introduction to the geography, history and culture of Pontus-Bithynia.
		4-29) on the position of northern Asia Minor within the Roman world, the geography of Bithynia and Pontus and the sources and previous scholarly work on the region, M.
		As for the various and contradictory positions of Christians regarding Greek athletics there is the very useful article of E. Winter (Die Stellung der fru+hen Christen zur Agonistik, Stadion 24, 1998, 13-29).
	omega.cohums.ohio-state.edu /mailing_lists/BMCR-L/2004/0153.php (1576 words)

	[No title]
		May not this ordinance of limitation imposed by the Apostle on himself afford the explanation of Acts xvi.
		Hic Lentulus nobilis fuit et suscepit servi personam in agendo mimo.â [21] Suet.
		a native of the Roman Province of Pontus.
	www.ccel.org /ccel/edmundson/church.txt (13912 words)

	Hellenistic History Bibliography 2002-2005 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Religion et société en Judée aux époques lagide et séleucide.’ In: Francis Prost (ed.).
		Royaumes et cités hellénistiques de 323 à 55 av.
		Le rôle et le statut de la femme en Égypte hellénistique, romaine et byzantine.
	www.gltc.leidenuniv.nl /index.php3?m=57&c=362 (7578 words)

	Pagans.Org :: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Helenopolis - A titular see of Bithynia Prima, suffragan of Prusa.
		Hexateuch - A name commonly used by the critics to designate the first six books of the Old Testament, i.e.
		Hypsistarians - A distinct Jewish-pagan sect which flourished from about 200 B.C. to about A.D. 400, mostly in Asia Minor (Cappadocia Bithynia, Pontus) and on the South Russian coasts of the Euxine Sea.
	www.pagans.org /modules/mx_dmoz/mx_dmoz.php?browse=/Society/Religion_and_Spirituality/Christianity/Denominations/Catholicism/Reference/Catholic_Encyclopedia/H (8633 words)

	A History of the Church: Chapter 9
		From the beginning of his reign he follow d the custom his predecessor had inaugurated of using the prestige of the primacy of honour to settle disputes which, by the strict law of the Council of 381, really lay outside his competence.
		So he crossed into the neighbouring civil diocese of Pontus, in 398, to depose the Bishop of Nicomedia and, despite opposition from the populace, appointed his successor.
		The excitement in his capital shook him from his opposition to St. John, the exile was recalled; while the clerics whose malevolence had functioned at The Oak, took to flight, Theophilus at their head.
	www.freivald.org /~jake/library/HistoryOfTheChurch-volume1_html/HistoryOfTheChurch-volume1_chapter9.html (12805 words)

	Apollonius Bibliography 2001-2005 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Les femmes, le dieu et le poète.’ Kernos 17, 2004, 43-66.
		Les Dioscures et les Apharétides d'Homère à Lycophron.' In: Marcella Guglielmo and Edoardo Bona (edd.).
		Portes et zones de transition.’ REG 116, 2003, 91-108.
	www.gltc.leidenuniv.nl /index.php3?c=120 (3409 words)

	Bksrecd16best
		Sperimentazioni urbanistiche nei complessi forum-basilica delle Tres Galliae et Narbonensis durante i primi tre secoli dell’impero (21 Quaderni del Seminario di Archeologia, Istituto di Storia dell’Arte, Università di Parma 2002).
		Talgam and Z. Weiss, The mosaics of the House of Dionysos at Sepphoris, excavated by E. Meyers, E. Netzer and C. Meyers (Qedem 44; Israel Exploration Society, Jerusalem 2004).
		Yvon Thébert, Thermes romains d’Afrique du Nord et leur contexte méditerranée.
	www.journalofromanarch.com /booksrd17.html (5211 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Constantinople
		These rights of supremacy, though usurped, were acknowledged by the twenty-eighth canon of the Council of Chalcedon (451), from which time the bishops of Constantinople ruled over about 420 dioceses.
		The Osmanlis were originally a small Turkish tribe of Khorassan; in the thirteenth century they had settled near Dorylæum (Eski-Shehir), whence they gradually annexed all the sultanates and principalities of the Seljuk Turks and others.
		As early as 1326 Brusa in Bithynia had become the centre of their power.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/04301a.htm (7407 words)

	H-Soz-u-Kult / Bryn Mawr Classical Review (BMCR)
		L'Église, les vivants et les morts dans l'Antiquité tardive.
		Pompes funèbres et supplices en Campanie à l'époque d'Auguste.
		First published in French under the title Mythe et histoire dans l'Antiquité grecque: La création symbolique d'une colonie (Editions Payot Lausanne, Nadir s.a., 1996).
	hsozkult.geschichte.hu-berlin.de /zeitschriften/id=152&count=26&recno=9&ausgabe=1804 (5335 words)

	Paphlagonia Help - Ancient Roman Empire Forums (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		It was brought as part of the eastern conquests/settlements of Pompey c.
		The official province was called Bithynia et Pontus.
		Later after the diocese reforms of Diocletion, Paphlagonia made a comeback on the map with its own officially named territory.
	www.unrv.com /forum/show.php/act/ST/f/7/t/1173/view/new (168 words)

	Quake: 1999 Izmit, Turkey Earthquake
		by Ammianus Marcellinus (17.7.1-8), a 4th century writer (English translation from Guidoboni et al., 1994).
		"...At the same time fearful earthquakes shattered numerous cities and mountains throughout Asia, Macedonia and Pontus with repeated shocks.
		Now pre-eminent among the instances of manifold disaster was the collapse of Nicomedia, the metropolis of Bithynia; and I shall give a true and concise account of the misfortune of its destruction.
	quake.wr.usgs.gov /research/geology/turkey/historical.html (637 words)

	Historical Research on Asia Minor in Antiquity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Bithynia, Lycia, and within these units apply to city-territories (Poleis).
		Progress so far has covered 7 regions: Bithynia, Paphlagonia, Pontus, Galatia, Caria, Lycia, Cilicia, ca.
		Publication on the internet will be considered in due course.
	www.research-projects.unizh.ch /phil/unit66200/area955/p4699.htm (499 words)

	Diocletian - Art History Online Reference and Guide
		These included splitting the Empire in two to be more manageable; creating a new system of Emperor succession; ruling as an autocrat and stripping away any remaining facade of republicanism; and economic reforms to address the problem of hyperinflation.
		Diocletian chose a new title for himself, calling himself Dominus et deus, or "Lord and God".
		This was in contrast to previous Emperors, who were known as Princeps or "First Citizens", a name which implied some level of equality and democracy, even if in name only.
	arthistoryclub.com /art_history/Diocletian (1195 words)

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