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Topic: Bivalve

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	Bivalvia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		However, in some bivalves the shell is made up of a form of calcium carbonate known as aragonite, which easily dissolves away when the fossil is entombed in sediment, leaving only an impression of the shells' internal and external surfaces (known as internal and external moulds).
		Bivalves appeared late in the Cambrian Explosion and came to dominate over brachiopods during the Palaeozoic; indeed, by the end-Permian extinction, bivalves were undergoing a huge radiation in numbers while brachiopods (along with ~95% of all species) were devastated.
		Furthermore, their ability to burrow allows for evasion of predators: buried bivalves feed by extending a siphon to the surface (indicated by the presence of a palial sinus, the size of which is proportional to the burrowing depth, and represented by their dentition).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bivalve (875 words)

	bivalve. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Bivalves, which include clams, cockles, mussels, oysters, and scallops, are an important food source for humans, as well as for gastropods, fish, and shore birds.
		Usually the two valves are similar and equal in size, but in some forms, such as the oyster, that attach to the substratum by one valve (i.e., lying on their sides), the left-hand (or upper) valve is larger than the right-hand (or lower) one.
		Bivalves that are exposed at low tide, such as the marine mussels, keep their gills wet with water retained in the mantle cavity.
	www.bartleby.com /65/bi/bivalve.html (596 words)

	Empty Bivalve Shells Synopsis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Bivalve mollusks are among the dominant benthic infauna of the SE Bering Sea.
		Because most species are small, the trawl survey catch of dead bivalve shell bears little resemblance to the distribution, shell size, and species composition of most of the live bivalve community.
		Bivalve shell is important both as cover for motile (free-living) organisms, and attachment substrate for sessile (attached) organisms.
	www.afsc.noaa.gov /groundfish/HAPC/EmptyBivalveShell_synopsis.htm (312 words)

	Glossary/Mollusks (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		A differentiated area on the interior of a bivalve shell that marks the attachment point of an adductor and is generally striated, depressed, or outlined.
		A rasplike structure in the mouth of all mulluscan groups except bivalves, composed of chitinous material and arranged as a long, coiled band set with serial or transverse rows of teeth, each transverse row generally consisting of central, lateral, and marginal teeth.
		Socket: In bivalves, a recess for the reception of a hinge tooth or a chondrophore from the opposite valve.
	www.fish.washington.edu /naturemapping/mollusks/glossary.html (10392 words)

	BIVALVE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The bivalves are a large and abundant group of molluscs which appeared in the Ordovician, and range right up to modern day.
		Bivalves are made up of a pair of calcareous shells containing a soft bodied organism.
		Thin shelled bivalves are found in the deeper sediment and are generally lacking in ornamentation.
	www.brookes.ac.uk /geology/8361/1998/callie/bivalve.htm (1120 words)

	Glossary
		Bivalve bi-valve (L bi=two; valva=door) any mollusc having two valves or shells that are hinged together, as in mussels and clams.
		In bivalves, the contraction and expansion of this organ is used in the burrowing, locomotion, or for anchoring the animal.
		Ventral ven’tral (L venter=the belly) The edge remote from the hinge in a bivalve; the ventral margin is opposite the umbonnes.
	www.manandmollusc.net /glossary.html (2103 words)

	ADW: Bivalvia: Information
		A bivalve is characterized by possessing two shells secreted by a mantle that extends in a sheet on either side of the body.
		Bivalves dislodged from beneath a single rock in a coral lagoon in the South Pacific.
		Included is an anterior end view of a bivalve with its valves widely gaping, showing the mantle lining each valve, the foot, the two demibranchs on each side of the foot, and the labial palps.
	animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu /mollusca/bivalvia.html (739 words)

	1998 RMP Monitoring Results: Bivalve Monitoring
		First, bivalves integrate the bioavailable portion of contaminants in the water column over time, and second, for many contaminants, bivalves are good indicators of contaminant transfer from water into the food web.
		Bivalves were collected from sites thought to be uncontaminated and transplanted to 15 stations in the Estuary during the wet season (April) and the dry season (September).
		Overall, the bivalve bioaccumulation and condition study objectives for 1998 were met, although the unusual wet season with extremely high freshwater inputs from January until March caused high mortality rates in Mytilus spp.
	www.sfei.org /rmp/1998/c04.html (2782 words)

	Palaeos Invertebrates : Molluscs : Bivalvia : Bivalvia
		The Bivalves - clams, oysters, scallops, mussels, and their kin - are among the most modified group of mollusks, although some fossil groups seem to have resembled them.
		In bivalves, the two shells are identical in profile (although in some types this is not the case) but one valve is on the right side of the animal, and the other on the left.
		Bivalves have no diductor muscle system for opening the valves; instead they usually use an elastic ligament - an elastic connecting strip between the two valves - that automatically opens the shell when the adductors relax.
	www.palaeos.com /Invertebrates/Molluscs/Bivalvia/Bivalvia.html (1653 words)

	THD BiValve
		The BiValve sits in the same compact pressed steel chassis as the UniValve and, except for the extra valve and control plate, it looks almost identical.
		THD are based in Seattle, which is also home town to Boeing, and most of the BiValve's heavy fabrication work is contracted out to local specialist companies who service the aircraft industry.
		BiValve with groove guitar tuned down to C with oo9 strings.
	www.stevesmusiccenter.com /THDBiValve.html (1256 words)

	Bivalve. The Columbia Gazetteer of North America. 2000
		Bivalve (bei-VALV), village, Wicomico co., SE Md., 17 mi/27 km WSW of Salisbury, on Nanticoke R. Fishing, oystering; muskrat trapping.
		Known as Waltersville until 1877, when it was renamed in honor of the oyster with the opening of a new post office by J. Willing, the postmaster.
		The Bivalve Oyster Packing Co. had a shucking house here.
	www.bartleby.com /69/36/B06936.html (121 words)

	Fisheries and Oceans Canada - Science (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Bivalve filter-feeders have a competitive advantage over zooplankton for food resources because they are able to respond immediately to increased food availability, while zooplankton must go through a complete life cycle before being able to fully exploit increased food resources. Direct ingestion of zooplankton by bivalves may also reduce zooplankton abundance (Horsted et al.
		Bivalve aquaculture may also play a significant role in nutrient cycling in coastal systems, as nutrients stored in the cultured biomass are removed by farmers and the nutrients are no longer available to the marine food web. Kaspar et al.
		Few studies have assessed the potential environmental interactions of the bivalve aquaculture industry, and few quantitative measures presently exist to measure the ecosystem-level effects of this industry. Research on the ecosystem-level impacts of bivalve aquaculture is currently at a relatively early stage of development compared with finfish culture and for many other anthropogenic activities.
	www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca /science/environmental-environnement/sok_enviroeffects_aquaculture/exec_cranford_e.htm (3181 words)

	bivalve -> Classification on Encyclopedia.com 2002 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		On the growth of bivalve gills initiated from a lobule-producing budding zone.(Development and Reproduction)
		The vertical distribution and abundance of gastropods and bivalves from rocky beaches of Cuastecomate Bay, Jalisco.
		Reproductive cycle of the bivalve Lima scabra (Pterioida: Limidae) and its association with environmental conditions.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/section/bivalve_classification.asp (533 words)

	Civilian Ships--Bivalve (Oyster Boat, 1901) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Bivalve, a 55-foot motor boat built in 1901, was employed in the Long Island Sound area for harvesting oysters.
		She was taken over by the Navy in April 1918, placed in service as Bivalve (ID # 2472), and used as a tender to USS Berkshire (ID # 1578).
		Bivalve was stricken on 7 July 1919 and sold on 19 July 1919.
	www.history.navy.mil /photos/sh-civil/civsh-b/bivalve.htm (256 words)

	The Perfect Note: THD Bivalve
		The BiValve 30 debuted at this year's Winter NAMM and is reviewed here exclusively for the first time in the UK.
		VERDICT: The BiValve delivers totally on the UniValve's promise of more to come, and the result is one of the best playing experiences any guitarist could hope for.
		The best things in life are rarely cheap, and the BiValve is definitely an amp for the well-heeled purist - no footswitches to change channels means you have to use it the oldfashioned way, driving things from the guitar.
	www.tpngear.com /thdbivalve.htm (1230 words)

	CV R.Bieler - Bivalve Phylogeny and Systematics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Bivalve Studies in the Florida Keys, Proceedings of the International Marine Bivalve Workshop, Long Key, Florida, July 2002.
		Marine bivalves of the Florida Keys: a qualitative faunal analysis based on original collections, museum holdings and literature data.
		Preliminary phylogenetic analysis of the bivalve family Galeommatidae, with a discussion of taxonomic characters.
	fm1.fieldmuseum.org /aa/Files/bieler/bivphyl.html (451 words)

	Bivalvia
		Bivalve Mollusks: Shellfish with two opposing shells that are hinged at one end with an elastic byssal material and brought together with attached muscles.
		Most bivalves are filter-feeders, sifting food through their gills, which also function as respiratory organs.
		As the common name suggests, this bivalve is found on the undersides and clefts of rocks.
	www.wetwebmedia.com /bivalvia.htm (675 words)

	Statutory Instrument 1992 No. 3164
		Live bivalve molluscs or other shellfish must be adequately protected from crushing, abrasion or vibration after harvesting and must not be exposed to extremes of hot or cold temperature.
		Techniques for harvesting, transporting, landing and handling live bivalve molluscs or other shellfish must not result in additional contamination of the product, nor in a significant reduction in the quality of the product, nor in any changes significantly affecting their ability to be treated by purification, processing or relaying.
		Live bivalve molluscs or other shellfish must be transported and distributed using closed vehicles or containers which maintain the product at a temperature which does not adversely affect their quality and viability.
	web.uct.ac.za /depts/pbl/jgibson/iczm/legis/si1992/19923164.htm (6706 words)

	Bivalves (Pelecypoda): (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Although there are a few different bivalves offered for sale, only the ones possessing zooxanthellae are really suitable for an aquarium...
		Because of this growing interest in the coevolution of chemosynthetic symbionts, recent discoveries of new deepwater faunas, breakthroughs in functional morphology, and fossil relationships, enhanced communication among workers of the Lucinoidea is much desired.
		All individuals or organizations interested in lucinoid bivalve mollusks are invited to join and participate in a new email discussion group.
	www.manandmollusc.net /links_bivalve.html (1080 words)

	ASGSB 2001 Abstracts - DEVELOPMENT OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM AND MUSCULATURE IN THE BIVALVE LARVAE, M. EDULIS. J.T.Plummer ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The helical swimming pattern that is typical of bivalve larval behaviour is thought to be modulated by neuronal and muscle control.
		However, to date little is known about the either the nervous system or the musculature in bivalve larvae.
		Given that bivalve veliger larvae from a previous spaceflight mission exhibited abnormal swimming behaviour, it was necessary to investigate the possible role of the nervous system and musculature in larval behaviour.
	baby.indstate.edu /asgsb/programs/2001/20.html (314 words)

	THD BiValve - Musictoyz.com your total online boutique music store for all your guitar equipment needs !
		The BiValve 30's circuitry senses the current needs of each individual output tube and provides the correct bias voltage to the cathode of the output tubes regardless of tube type or how old they are.
		Playing the BiValve 30 for the first time, you will immediately notice its fast response, and the way it combines the harmonically-rich chime of an AC 30 with the attack and performance of a Hiwatt and the gain of a hot-rodded JCM 800.
		The BiValve 30 features a light bulb on the front panel that not only glows when the amplifier is played, but also provides roughly 6dB of noise-reduction.
	www.musictoyz.com /guitar/amps/thdbi.php (1307 words)

	Bivalve Seashells Press Release
		Eleven years in the making, the book documents and describes all bivalve mollusks (including clams, oysters, mussels, scallops) from southern California to northern Alaska, from the intertidal zone to depths of more than 4,500 meters.
		Bivalves are used as monitors by many governmental agencies, including the State of California, as living alarms, that can quickly warn us when marine pollution levels begin to rise.
		Coverage: includes descriptions and illustrations of all bivalve species from the shoreline intertidal region to the deep sea of over 4,500 depth.
	www.sbnature.org /atlas/bookpr.htm (467 words)

	Bivalvia Family Index (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Nearly all bivalves are sedentary filter feeders, living on minute particles of algae and detritus.
		Particles swept by a powerful ciliary current, aided by muscle contractions, are filtered out on pairs of highly enlarged, plate-like gills ("lamellibranch").
		Morton, 1960, states that a typical bivalve can move from 30 to 60 times as much water per hour as its body volume.
	nighthawk.tricity.wsu.edu /museum/ArcherdShellCollection/Bivalves.html (265 words)

	LATE CRETACEOUS - EARLY PALEOCENE BIVALVE STABLE ISOTOPE RECORD FROM SEYMOUR ISLAND, ANTARCTICA
		Four aragonite bivalve genera have been analyzed to produce a record of climate.
		Interestingly, two bivalve genera that persist across the K/T transition, Cucullaea and Lahillia, appear to be offset from each other with respect to both
		O except at one horizon near the K/T boundary where these stable isotope records converge. This offset may be due to different seasons of shell growth where convergence of these records is the result of a collapse in seasonality. This hypothesis will be tested using high-resolution sampling to evaluate seasonal amplitudes of
	gsa.confex.com /gsa/2002AM/finalprogram/abstract_44879.htm (412 words)

	Edible Bivalves As A Source Of Human Pathogens: Signals Between Vibrios And The Bivalve Host. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Although different environmental factors are well known to affect the persistence of vibrios in these organisms, the key role of the interactions between vibrios and the immune system of bivalves has been recently highlighted by scientists from the Universities of Genova and Urbino (Italy) in Environmental Microbiology.
		The results obtained allowed the identification of factors that are important in determining the fate of vibrios within the bivalve host, such as bacterial surface ligands, soluble hemolymph components and the ability of bacteria to affect distinct signaling pathways responsible for the hemocyte immune response.
		This research gives an insight into the complexity of signals that pass between vibrios and bivalve host cells and helps to explain how these processes develop in natural conditions and determine the fate of vibrios in the bivalve host.
	www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2005/05/050526140541.htm (582 words)

	Home Recording dot com BBS - Question about the THD BiValve
		I know that each amp has its own sound, and the THD amps are even more wide ranging because of all the different tubes you can use in them.
		Thanks for the info man! The nearest THD dealer is about an hour and a half away and I just needed a reference for the general sound the BiValve has before I decide to go and try one out myself.
		I have not played the BiValve but I'm told that in addition to having a lot more power out, it also has considerably more clean over-head.
	homerecording.com /bbs/showthread.php?t=172986&goto=newpost (1365 words)

	Pace Effects of an Invasive Bivalve on the Zooplankton Community of the Hudson River
		Effects of an Invasive Bivalve on the Zooplankton Community of the Hudson River, Institute of Ecosystem Studies.
		Effects of an Invasive Bivalve on the Zooplankton Community of the Hudson River
		Previous studies documented that zebra mussels became abundant in the Hudson River during 1992 causing an N-90% reduction in phytoplankton biomass.
	sgnis.org /publicat/fb98_103.htm (281 words)

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