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Topic: Bjarmaland

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Bjarmaland
		Bjarmaland (also spelled Bjarmland or Bjarmia) was a territory mentioned in Norse sagas up to the Viking Age — and beyond.
		In 1217, two Norwegian traders arrived in Bjarmaland to buy pelts; one of the traders continued further south to pass to Russia in order to arrive in the Holy Land, where he intended to take part in the Crusades.
		While many Slavs fled the Mongol invasion northward, to Beloozero and Bjarmaland, the displaced Bjarmians sought refuge in Norway, where they were given land in Malangen, by Haakon IV of Norway, in 1240.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Bjarmaland (836 words)

	Viking - LoveToKnow 1911
		In Saxo Grammaticus's account of Ragnar Lodbrog, this event seems to be reflected in the story of an expedition of Ragnar's to Bjarmaland or Perm in Russia.
		For Bjarmaland, though it gained a local habitation, is also in Norse tradition a wholly mythical and mythological place, more or less identical with the underworld (Niflhel, mist-hell).
		So it appears in the history given by Saxo Grammaticus of the voyage to Bjarmaland of one " Gorm the old." It " looks like a vaporous cloud " and is full of tricks and illusions of sense.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Viking (4640 words)

	Författare - Olaus Magnus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		In farthest Bjarmaland [Russian Lapland] some strange and odd people live, to whom the road is untrodden and filled with insuperable dangers.
		It is inaccessible to ordinary mortals, for the most part of the road is all year covered by exceedingly deep snow, over which one may travel only with a conveyance to which stags have been harnessed.
		SCRICFINNIA is a landscape between Bjarmaland and Finnmark, which however extends in a long curve toward the south and down toward the Gulf of Bothnia, in short, like an extended tail.
	www.overtornea.se /kultur_fritid/ottar/engelska/olauseng.htm (311 words)

	Northvegr - The Saga of Bosi and Herraud
		Soon after, when they got a breeze, they set sailed for Bjarmaland, and there is nothing to be heard of their journey, until they came home to Gautaland.
		Siggeirr said that he would do this, but that it would not be easy to find her, if the temple priestess in Bjarmaland did not know anything about her.
		But the peasant's daughter said that she had met them on the road, when they went to the ship, and that they had Hleidi with them, the sister of King Godmund from Glaesir Plain, and told the girl that if anyone was looking for her, they should come to them.
	www.northvegr.org /lore/oldheathen/071.php (2548 words)

	The world ocean in medieval cartography, VII International Congress
		But the Scandinavians perceived the Ocean of the Western Europeans, namely, the Atlantic and Arctic Oceans, as an almost enclosed sea that they navigated with remarkable successes.
		[10] The transmarine lands are known only very sketchily and include Bjarmaland in the north of Eastern Europe, Greenland, Markland, and Vinland.
		As opposed to the Old Norse geographical texts, according to which the land on the other side of the Arctic Ocean connects with Eurasia in the area of Bjarmaland, there is no land bridge between the outside continent and the inhabited world.
	vitiaz.ru /congress/en/thesis/2.html (2665 words)

	Race RR
		The infants' mother exchanged them for the fair-skinned child of a slave, but the boys' noble lineage was apparent in their bearing and actions and their father, King Hjörr, readily acknowledged his paternity.
		Although most sources say the twins were the sons of Hjörr's Norwegian queen, one passage in Landnámabók says the king had brought back a captive princess from a war in Bjarmaland (now Finland), and the dark-skinned boys were born to this woman.
		The term "svartr" (fl) is commonly ascribed in the sagas to people with dark coloring, contrasted with "hvítr" (white) for those of fair complexion and features.
	marklander.ravenbanner.com /racerr.html (1405 words)

	Road to Hel - THE CULT OF THE DEAD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		This practice of the Bjarmians is borne out by the detailed account of the journey of Karli and Þórir Hundr to Bjarmaland, given in the Heimskringla, in the Saga Óláfs ens Helga (CXXXIII).
		It would seem from the marked interest shown in the howe-worship of Bjarmaland as though the cult continued there late in the heathen period, after Christian kings ruled in Norway.
		We can see that there are deities concerned with this cult, but it is difficult to determine their exact relationship with it.
	www.normanniireiks.org /guilds_lore/lore/roadtohel/chapter_04.htm (6845 words)

	thawedcavebear: From "The Saga of Hrolf Jarmundr-Belly" (12th century)
		They went north then from Gardaveldi, into Bjarmaland with the intention of getting furs and trading with the Bjarms.
		Hrolf and the others left Bjarmaland soon after, but when Hrolf passed that way the next autumn, after escaping from the king of Holmgard(Adventures 16 - 17), many of the Bjarms were then of the opinion that the offering had been successful.
		Only a few weeks after that event, the winter had hit with great force, and the river had frozen and overflowed and poured ice into the great bear's cave once more.
	thawedcavebear.livejournal.com /553.html?thread=553 (1696 words)

	Bjarmaland - Education - Information - Educational Resources - Encyclopedia - Music
		Bjarmaland - Education - Information - Educational Resources - Encyclopedia - Music
		Biarmland (or Bjarmaland) was a territory in Northen Europe, Northen Russia, mentioned by early European literature, where Finnic Biarmians lived or rather ruled.
		The name appears in old Scandinavian literature, possible for the area where Arkhangelsk is presently situated, and where it was preceded by a Biarmian merchant town.
	www.music.us /education/B/Bjarmaland.htm (1032 words)

	OMACL: Heimskringla: Saga of Olaf Haraldson: Part V
		Karle sent him back the message that Thorer must have twenty-five men as they had, and they were willing to divide the booty that might be taken equally, but not the merchant goods which each had for himself.
		But within here stands the Bjarmaland people's god Jomala: let no one be so presumptuous as to rob him." Thereupon they went to the mound and took as much of the money as they could carry away in their clothes, with which, as might be expected, much earth was mixed.
		The army of the Bjarmaland people rushed out after them upon the field, and on both sides of them; but neither the people nor their weapons came so near as to do them any harm: from which they perceived that the Bjarmaland people did not see them.
	omacl.org /Heimskringla/haraldson5.html (10855 words)

	Map 1e from THE LAST VIKING
		From Permia there is uninhabited land stretching all the way to the north until Greenland begins.
		The date of the original version is not known, but the geographic concepts it reflects can be traced back to the Commonwealth Period.
		The description of a circular and unbroken land mass extending from Bjarmaland (Permia) to Greenland, and south from there to Africa, is the chief characteristic of these accounts.
	www.spirasolaris.ca /1amap1e.html (559 words)

	Viktor Rydberg — Teutonic Mythology — Volume I, Part IV, Chapters 44—52
		The Glittering Plains are here said to be situated near Bjarmaland, just as in Thorstein Bæarmagn’s saga, in which king Gudmund’s kingdom, Glittering Plains, is a country tributary to Jotunheim, whose ruler is Geirrod.
		In this Bjarmia ulterior it is always cold; to its snow-clad fields there comes no summer warmth, through its deep wild forests flow rapid foaming rivers which well forth from the rocky recesses, and the woods are full of wild beasts, the like of which are unknown elsewhere.
		All the rest agree in transferring to the uttermost North the land which must be reached before the journey can be continued to the Glittering Plains and Odainsaker.
	www.vaidilute.com /books/norroena/rydberg-05.html (10506 words)

	CHAPTER XXXVII. The journey to Bjarmaland. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		And one spring Eric Bloodaxe made ready to go to Bjarmaland, and chose him much people for that voyage.
		Thorolf betook him to this voyage with Eric, and was in the forecastle of his ship, and bare his standard.
		Eric had a great battle by the river Dvina in Bjarmaland, wherein he won the victory, as is told in the lays about him.
	www.sacred-texts.com /neu/egil/egil38.htm (270 words)

	OMACL: Heimskringla: Saga of Olaf Haraldson: Part VI
		When the message came to Thorer he made himself ready, and manned with his house-servants the same vessel he had sailed with on his cruise to Bjarmaland, and which he equipped at his own expense.
		Fin summoned all the people of Halogaland who were to the north to meet at Vagar.
		In the great liquor-casks there were sides within the outer sides, and the liquor was between them.
	omacl.org /Heimskringla/haraldson6.html (12011 words)

	The Saga of Half and His Heroes
		He had a ship made with special care and went to Bjarmaland.
		Hogni the Wealthy lived on Njardey island at the mouth of the Namsfjord.
		He welcomed King Hjorleif who stayed there three nights and got to marry Hild the Slender, Hogni’s daughter, before he left, and she went with him to Bjarmaland along with her brother Solvi.
	www.oe.eclipse.co.uk /nom/Half.htm (2316 words)

	Viking Daily LIfe (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The king's house he had built just opposite Skipakrok; and he transported thither, in harvest, all that was necessary for his winter residence, and had many people about him there....
		1026: When they came to Bjarmaland they went straight to the merchant town, and the market began.
		All who had money to pay with got filled up with goods.
	www.stoneandspirit.com /viking/daily_life.htm (688 words)

	Harald II of Norway (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		He attempted to strengthen his rule by killing the local rulers Sigurd Haakonsson, Tryggve Olavsson and Gudrød Bjørnsson.
		He also undertook a viking expedition to Bjarmaland in northern Russia.
		In 976, he was tricked into coming to Denmark and killed in a plot planned by Sigurd Haakonsson's son Haakon Sigurdsson, who had become an ally of Harold Bluetooth.
	harald-ii-of-norway.iqnaut.net (179 words)

	Kievan Rus Database (Fur) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Second half of the 10th century: Rus suppliers may have been discouraged to put furs on the market in the Samanid realm because they may have felt the debasement of silver there.
		Scandinavians interested in the profitable fur trade in northern Russia, firstly could sail north along the west coast of Norway and Lapland, around the Kola Peninsula and across the White Sea to Bjarmaland.
		Secondly, they could also sail east from Sweden across the Baltic Sea, up the Gulf of Finland, into Lake Ladoga, and then to Ladoga Town on the Volkoz River.
	members.aol.com /bksmyre/Fur.html (257 words)

	Northvegr - Heimskringla
		to go to Bjarmaland, and that he would sail with them, and that
		whom he told all that had happened on this Bjarmaland expedition.
		The king was ill-pleased with the voyage, but told Gunstein to
	www.northvegr.org /lore/heim/007_32.php (2433 words)

	Kievan Rus Database (City: Novgorod)
		Olga set up some administration in Novgorod, but probably only in the few parts of the town that weren't already assimilated.
		According to Icelandic literature, Bjarmaland was a tributary of Novgorod.
		Novgorod was Kievan Rus' port, just as Tmutorokan was Chernigov's port.
	members.aol.com /bksmyre/City_Novgorod.html (337 words)

	VIKING - Online Information article about VIKING
		For Bjarmaland, though it gained a See also:
		CLOUD (from the same root, if not the same word, as " clod," a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages for a mass or lump; it is first applied in the usual sense in the late 13th century; the Anglo-Saxon chid is only used in the sense of " a ma
		historical misfortune to the viking invaders connected with a mist and with a great sickness which invaded the army, the place they have come to (in reality Paris) is in Scandinavian tradition identified with the mythic Bjarmaland; and later, in the history of Saxo Grammaticus, it is identified with the See also:
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /VAN_VIR/VIKING.html (6266 words)

	[No title]
		Bjorn's abduction of Thora, marriage, visit to Iceland.
		Among these is put Eric's expedition to Bjarmaland, but this probably was in 918.
		Thorolf goes to Norway with Egil; twelve years pass before Egil returns.
	webpages.charter.net /wildewudu/ne/egilintro.html (4875 words)

	Genealogy of the Surname Cotter, Mac Oitir, Otter, etc.
		Ottar told that he lived farthest to the north of all the Norwegians.
		He told about his travels to the Bjarmaland (White Sea), and south to England, accurately describing the entire Norwegian coast.
		He told about the Kvens, the Samis and the Swedes.
	www.miriamellis.com /genealogy.shtml (5274 words)

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