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Topic: Black Caiman

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	Crocodilian Species - Black Caiman (Melanosucus niger) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-09)
		Population dynamics, ecology and conservation of the fl caiman, Melanosuchus niger in Ecuadorian Amazonia.
		Growth rates of fl caiman, Melanosuchus niger, and the spectacled caiman, Caiman crocodilus, and the recruitment of breeders in hunted caiman populations.
		Observations on reproduction in the fl caiman, Melanosuchus niger.
	www.flmnh.ufl.edu /natsci/herpetology/brittoncrocs/csp_mnig.htm (860 words)

	Black Caiman - Biocrawler
		The Black Caiman (Melanosuchus niger) is an endangered species, related to alligators.
		The fl caiman can grow to about 6 meters (20 feet) in length, and is both the largest alligator and the Amazon's largest predator.
		The caiman's excrement was once a substantial food source for the plankton which form the base of the aquatic Amazonian food chain, and their rarity has thus led to a concomitant decline of many species, including some important food species.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Black_Caiman (280 words)

	Caiman,Reptiles,Amphibians,Caiman Picture Gallery Collection,Caiman Pictures,Encyclopedia,Caiman
		Caimans belong to the family Alligatoridae, order Crocodylia, and the three genera include: Caiman (2 species), spectacled and broad-nosed caimans; Melanosuchus (1 species), fl caiman; and Paleosuchus (2 species), armored caimans.
		The fl caiman of the lower Orinoco and Amazon rivers is the longest, reaching 4.5 m (15 ft) or more, and the mountain stream-dwelling armored caimans are the smallest, seldom reaching 2.1 m (7 ft).
		The fl caiman, because of its large size and the high quality of its skin, is virtually extinct.
	www.4to40.com /earth/geography/htm/reptilesindex.asp?counter=7 (233 words)

	Alligatoridae - Definition, explanation
		Alligators and caimans are reptiles closely related to the crocodiles and forming the family Alligatoridae (sometimes regarded instead as the subfamily Alligatorinae).
		The Black Caiman is the only member of the alligator family posing the same danger to humans as the larger species of the crocodile family.
		Although the Caiman has not been studied in-depth, it has been discovered that their mating cycles (previously thought to be spontaneous or year-round) are linked to the rainfall cycles and the river levels in order to increase their offspring's chances of survival.
	www.calsky.com /lexikon/en/txt/a/al/alligatoridae.php (525 words)

	Nighttime Caiman Search, Peru
		A caiman is first a reptile, and second a crocodilian, which can reach up to six meters (20 feet) long and prefers the warm, still waters of oxbow lakes and lower rivers.
		The fl caiman nest is a compound of tree leaves 1.5 meters in diameter with eggs arranged in two layers that are separated and apparently warmed by rotting leaves.
		Caimans can be easily spotted by their eyes’ red reflection in a flashlight beam, a common night activity at many jungle lodges.
	www.moon.com /planner/peru/mustsee/caiman.html (351 words)

	Educational information on Caimans (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-09)
		Caiman are normally small and squat reptiles with an extremely toothy grin.
		The caiman that most resemble the alligator in size and appearance is the Black Caiman, Melanosuchus niger.
		The Black Caiman is found in the Amazon River Basin and is said to attain a length of 13 feet.
	www.gatorland.com /fun/caimans.html (112 words)

	Rolling Hills Wildlife Adventure
		Caimans have a transparent 'third eyelid', or nictitating membrane, that covers their eyes as they swim.
		Caimans range in size from the dwarf caiman (Paleosuchus palpebrosus), which typically measures 4-5 feet in length, to the fl caiman (Melanosuchus niger), the largest of the caimans, which may reach lengths of 16 feet or more.
		Some caiman species construct their nests beside termite mounds, and it is believed that they use the metabolic heat from the termites to keep the nest warm.
	www.rollinghillswildlife.com /animals/c/caiman (484 words)

	CAIMAN
		A spectacled Caiman's common name derives from a bony ridge which is found near the front of the eyes appearing to connect the eyes like a pair of spectacles.
		Caimans swim very well, mainly using their tails to propel themselves through the water, and also using their webbed feet.
		Caimans are also common reptile pets, though the spectacled caiman often grows too large to keep as a pet.
	www.wildernessclassroom.com /www/schoolhouse/rainforest_library/animal_library/caiman.htm (461 words)

	Black Caiman
		Black Caiman: Black Caiman The MamirauÃ¡ Sustainable Development Reserve in the heart of Brazil's flooded forest ecosystem boasts the largest population of fl caiman on...
		CITES Appendix I - ottawaherps.com: Caiman latirostris, Broad-nosed (Snouted) Caiman; Melanosuchus niger, Black Caiman (except that the Ecuador population is Appendix II with a zero-export quota).
		Crocodylia: Scheider's Smooth-fronted Caiman Paleosuchus trigonuatus; Black Caiman Melanosuchus niger.
	www.specieslist.com /endangered/common_name/B/Black_Caiman.shtml (1956 words)

	ADW: Melanosuchus niger: Information
		Black caimans are found throughout much of the Amazon Basin; their range includes much of northern and central South America.
		Killing fl caimans for their skins, which produce a shiny fl leather, increased dramatically during the 1940s and 1950s as populations of other, more popular, South American crocodilians were decreasing.
		It is estimated that fl caiman populations have been reduced by 99% during the 20th century.
	animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu /accounts/melanosuchus/m._niger.html (1250 words)

	Rupununi Learners - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-09)
		A village-based long-term study in the Rupununi is an opportunity to gain an understanding of the fl caiman's ecological role and its physical and cultural context with local Amerindians and wildlife managers.
		Conduct a detailed ecological study of the fl caiman within its Rupununi environment and for comparison with populations elsewhere.
		The local human/fl caiman interface is being quantified as well, and caiman-based ecotourism is developing as a non-sacrificial economic benefit.
	www.rupununilearners.org /biological_research/black_caiman.htm (376 words)

	The Living Edens "Manu" -- Classroom Resources -- The Bite of the Caiman
		Small caimans are victims of the pet trade but this is decreasing due to the availability of captive raised reptiles.
		The larger caimans are victims of the leather trade taken from the wild.
		Juvenile caimans have a ratio of jaw length to overall length of 6 to 1 and adult specimens have a ratio of jaw length to overall length of 8 or 9 to 1.
	www.pbs.org /edens/manu/source4.htm (589 words)

	Black Caiman RainForest Adventures, Sevierville Tennessee Smoky Mountains TN
		Largest of all Caiman, the Black Caiman is often thought of as very similar in size and physical shape to the American Alligator.
		The diet of the young Black Caiman is similar to all crocodilians, small vertebrate and insects make up much of the diet for the first year or so of life.
		As large adults the Black Caiman begin to prey on animals as large as the Capybara, the largest rodent on earth, carrion is also consumed willingly by Caiman of all sizes.
	www.rfadventures.com /Black%20Caiman.htm (487 words)

	Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - Development of Hepatozoon caimani (Carini, 1909) Pessôa, De Biasi & De Souza, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-09)
		Feeding these frogs to farm-bred caimans resulted in the appearance of gametocytes in their peripheral blood at some time between 59 and 79 days later, and the development of tissue cysts in the liver, spleen, lungs and kidneys.
		Two of the caimans were killed 13 and 14 d.p.i., smears of liver, spleen, lung, kidney and the small intestine stained by Giemsa's method, and pieces of these tissues fixed in 10% buffered neutral formalin for histology.
		The four surviving caimans fed with infected frogs showed no gametocytes in their blood when examined 52 days later, but gametocytes were present in their erythrocytes when they were next examined 79 d.p.i.
	www.scielo.br /scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0074-02762003000100014&lng=en&nrm=iso (5069 words)

	National Geographic News @ nationalgeographic.com
		SAN BORJA, Bolivia—The fl Amazon caiman, on the endangered species list, has managed to survive in a protected Bolivian reserve and even has begun a comeback with the help of biologists and Indians who have birthed 100 of the reptiles.
		The fl caiman, Melanosuchus niger, grows to 3 meters (10 feet) in length, 250 kilograms (550 pounds) in weight and lives an average of 80 years in the South American Amazon region.
		The Indians use the abundant meat of the caiman, especially its long tail and also extract oil from the animal for medicinal purposes, it is a well-known remedy for respiratory problems.
	news.nationalgeographic.com /news/2001/03/0316_caiman.html (510 words)

	The Black caiman
		The Black Caiman is found in rivers, streams, lakes, and flooded savannahs and wetlands, and as most reptiles they have a very unique description.
		Black Caiman use their teeth to catch their prey, but they don’t tear it apart, they swallow it whole.
		Other baby Black Caimans are born dead, or if not they die shortly after they are being born due to the lack of food, or to the dangerous environment in which they have to live.
	www.amersol.edu.pe /ms/7th/7block/jungle_research/new_cards/09/report09a.html (826 words)

	Caimans
		Caimans like wetlands such as rainforests or the Amazon river basin.
		Caimans belong to the same group because of a bony ridge that is above their eyes.
		The Cuvier’s Dwarf Caiman is the smallest crocodilian.
	www.promotega.org /wga30052/caimans.html (483 words)

	The Living Edens "Manu" -- Fauna: Reptiles
		Related to the extinct dinosaurs of the Mesozoic era 200 million years ago, the fl caiman (Melanosuchus niger) is a top predator in the Amazon.
		Once an animal is targeted, the fl caiman will typically grab the prey by its head or legs and proceed to drown it by pulling the unfortunate creature into the water.
		The fl caiman was nearly hunted to extinction for its skin.
	www.pbs.org /edens/manu/reptiles.htm (406 words)

	Species Accounts: mnige.htm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-09)
		Populations of fl caiman are considered to be severely depleted in four of the seven nations in which the species occurs, and are depleted in the remainder.
		Black caiman were at one time abundant in the Colombian Amazon region from the southern city of Leticia to the Río Atacuari along the border with Peru, and in the Putumayo, Caquetá, and lower Apaporis rivers (Medem 1981; Plotkin et al.
		In French Guiana, fl caiman are found in the coastal Kaw region in the northeast of the country, principally in the seasonally flooded grasslands bordering the Kaw River, and in the neighboring Savanne Angelique swamp.
	www.flmnh.ufl.edu /natsci/herpetology/act-plan/mnige.htm (3980 words)

	Welcome To The Official Mark O'shea Website
		Black caiman are endangered and almost extinct throughout almost their formerly huge Amazonian range, being hunted for skins by Brazilian poachers for years.
		Mark fervently believes in the conservation of the remaining crocodilians but plainly the Rupununi fl caiman are not the endangered species here, it is the besieged human population that is at most risk.
		Black caiman are commonly seen basking on the river bank but they quickly head for the water.
	www.markoshea.tv /series1/series01-13.html (366 words)

	Amazon Animals reptiles - black caiman photo
		The two common species are fl caiman and spectacled caiman.
		The caiman is supremely adapted to aquatic life, with eyes and nostrils at the top of the head.
		Black caiman are big enough to take even the largest Amazon land animals.
	www.junglephotos.com /amazon/amanimals/amreptiles/blackcaiman.shtml (230 words)

	Amazon Animals reptiles - black caiman natural history
		In appearance, the fl caiman is characterized by a dark gray to fl skin covered in scales (as with all reptiles), some of which are thickened and raised.
		spectacled caiman, the fl caiman has a bony ridge between the eyes that extends either side down the snout.
		The fl caiman once teemed throughout the Amazon but hunting greatly reduced numbers and it is now quite rare, less common than the spectacled caiman whose range overlaps.
	www.junglephotos.com /amazon/amanimals/amreptiles/blackcaimannathist.shtml (982 words)

	Paraguayan Caiman (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-09)
		The largest-4.5 m (15 ft) or more in length-is the fl caiman of the Orinoco and Amazon rivers; it is in danger of extinction, as are many other crocodilians.
		One of the most abundant and wide-ranging is the spectacled caiman, named for the bony ridge between its eyes, which looks like the nosepiece of a pair of eyeglasses.
		The fl caiman is classified as Melanosuchus niger, the armored caiman as Paleosuchus palpebrosus, and the spectacled caiman as Caiman crocodilus crocodilus.
	www.caiman.com.br /english/04-conserva/03-reserva/caiman.html (147 words)

	The Black Caiman
		But the Black Caiman is feared because he also searches for the human meat, or someone who is in his way like children in the shore or women cleaning the cloth.
		The Black Caiman is an endangered animal because during the past years hunters have been killing them for their expensive skin, that they illegally sell, and costs over 1000 dollars.
		I think that the Black Caiman should not be killed, because if you don't bother them they are not going to bite you, and what has the Black Caiman done to you so you kill them.
	www.amersol.edu.pe /ms/7th/7block/jungle_research/new_cards/09/report9mdo.html (1516 words)

	Sports: Hunting by hand
		The fl caiman, the largest of various caiman species, is a maneater that can attain lengths of up to 15 feet.
		Like other members of the order Crocodilia, the fl caiman has powerful jaws with which it grabs its prey and then spins around in a "death roll," which breaks the victims back.
		Although not as aggressive as the dreaded saltwater crocodile of Australia, the fl caiman, like its North American cousin, Alligator mississippiensis, still is a beast to be reckoned with.
	www.sptimes.com /News/030500/news_pf/Sports/Hunting_by_hand.shtml (784 words)

	Wildlife
		The harpy eagle is distinguished by its sharp,large, fl beak and massive yellow feet with razor sharp talons.
		Whereas alligators and crocodiles are valued for their hides, the caiman is not because the skin on its belly is reinforced with bony plates.The smallest of all the caimans is the dwarf caiman.
		There are few enemies of the caiman although, very young ones have been found in the stomach of jaguars.
	www.hipark.austin.isd.tenet.edu /projects/fourth/rainforests/wildlife/wildlife.html (1027 words)

	WAZA - World Association of Zoos and Aquariums - Virtual Zoo
		The snout of the Black Caiman is of medium length, rather flat, broad and about 1.6 to 1.9 times as long as broad at the level of the front corners of the eyes.
		The colour of the upper surface is uniformly fl, in young animals with yellow crossbars, which are fading in the course of growth.
		The fl caiman is currently not threatened with extinction and zoos keep the species primarily for educational purposes and as an ambassador species for their threatened freshwater habitats.
	www.waza.org /virtualzoo/factsheet.php?id=306-001-003-001&view=Crocodylia&main=virtualzoo (446 words)

	Alligatoridae - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Black Caiman and American Alligator are the only members of the alligator family posing the same danger to humans as the larger species of the crocodile family.
		Although the Caiman has not been studied in-depth, it has been discovered that their mating cycles (previously thought to be spontaneous or year-round) are linked to the rainfall cycles and the river levels in order to increase their offspring's chances of survival.
		Porsche has in fact donated to a Stuttgart zoo's caiman exhibit, because of the shared namesakes between the animal and the automobile.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Caiman (619 words)

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