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Topic: Black Chokeberry

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	Highland Hill Farm
		Black Chokeberry is a deciduous shrub that is found where there are thickets in both wet soils and dry sites in the East.
		Black chokeberry is in the Rose Family and thus is related to the Cherries, Pears, Serviceberries, Hawthorns, Plums, and Roses.
		The Chokeberries are known for their outstanding fall foliage colors, having yellow, orange, bright red, and deep scarlet hues.
	www.seedlingsrus.com /BlackChokeberry.html (225 words)

	Chokeberry -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The name "chokeberry" comes from the astringency of the fruit, which are inedible raw.
		Black Chokeberry, Aronia melanocarpa, tends to be smaller, rarely exceeding 1 m tall, rarely 3 m, and spreads readily by root sprouts.
		The chokeberries are attractive (Any plant grown for its beauty or ornamental value) ornamental plants for gardens.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/c/ch/chokeberry.htm (391 words)

	Chestnut, European; Spanish C. (Castanea sativa) - Currant, European Black (Ribes nigrum) (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Chokeberry species are indigenous to northeastern North America, from Nova Scotia to Michigan to northern Florida.
		Many Authorities suggest pruning fl currants to within a few inches of the ground when first planted, to divert energy during their first year from cropping to establishing a strong root system.
		The European fl currant must be pruned because it fruits exclusively on the previous year's wood.
	www.efn.org /~bsharvy/edible3.html (3041 words)

	Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society: distribution and fruiting of red and black chokeberry (Aronia arbutifolia and ...
		Black chokeberry dominated both areas, comprising 72% of all chokeberry stems in the early successional area, and 79% in the forested area.
		Black chokeberry occurs in similar habitats, although it is absent from the coastal plain and piedmont, and occurs farther inland, to Minnesota, Iowa, and Missouri (Hardin 1973, Gleason and Cronquist 1991).
		However, fl chokeberry dominated the two areas in terms of abundance, perhaps indicating that it is better adapted to the range of sunlight and hydrological conditions across this wetland.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa4017/is_200307/ai_n9263413 (1479 words)

	Black Chokeberry (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Black Chokeberry is scattered throughout Ohio, where it is found as thickets in both wet soils and dry sites.
		Abundant fl fruits in autumn and winter serve as a source of food for desperate wildlife, when no other tasty food is left, as the name "chokeberry" implies about their astringent tasting quality.
		Black Chokeberry may reach 8 feet tall by 8 feet wide as an individual specimen of great age, and is strongly multistemmed.
	www.ohiodnr.com /forestry/Education/ohiotrees/chokeberry.htm (496 words)

	Landscape & Irrigation - JUN 2000 - PLANT OF THE MONTH: EAST - Aronia melanocarpa - black chokeberry (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Since my first-hand experience with fl chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) comes mostly from having grown it in the nursery, I consulted my usual stack of reference books to learn more about what it does in the landscape.
		Black chokeberry is an attractive deciduous shrub belonging to the rose family, native from southeastern Canada to South Carolina, Georgia and Tennessee.
		One says that fl chokeberry gets taller than red, to 10 feet; others insist that the red is the taller one, at 6 to 10 feet, with fl at 3 to 5 feet.
	www.greenmediaonline.com /li/2000/0600/0600pome.asp (600 words)

	Chicago Botanic Garden - 26 Gardens - Plant Profile: Black Chokeberry (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Black chokeberry is adorned with larger leaves, fruits and flowers, and it even ends the growing season with a more spectacular fall color than the red chokeberry.
		The leaves of fl chokeberry emerge a medium-green, followed in early spring by a showy display of clustered white flowers borne in corymbs 2 to 2 1/2 inches across.
		Black chokeberries are also planted extensively throughout the parking areas, where they are performing well despite the clay soil, high pH and intense heat of those exposed sites.
	www.chicago-botanic.org /plantinfo/pp/PPChokeberry.html (604 words)

	chokeberry pests : The Termite Site (Site not responding. Last check: )
		This red chokeberry cultivar is a deciduous shrub which typically grows slowly to 6-8' tall and is...
		Black chokeberry is insect-pollinated, but will sometimes set parthencarpic fruit...
		Chokeberry Pests Clematis Pests Currant Pests Daylily Pests Deutzia Pests Evergreen Candytuft Pests False Cypress Pests Five-leaf Aralia Pests Hazelnut Pests Hemlock Pests Hornbeam Pests Lily of the Valley Pests...
	www.thetermitesite.com /terms/pests/chokeberry-pests.htm (326 words)

	Chokeberry (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Chokeberries (Aronia) are two species of deciduous shrubs in the family Rosaceae, native to eastern North America.
		The fruit is a small pome, with a very astringent, bitter flavour; it is eaten by birds (birds do not taste astringency and feed on them readily), which then disperse the seeds in their droppings.
		The chokeberries are attractive ornamental plants for gardens.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/C/Chokeberry.htm (385 words)

	Mallorn Plant of the Month: Aronia melanocarpa
		Glossy, pendulous clusters of fl fruit suspended before lustrous green leaves are pleasing when viewed up close in summer, but the flower display and fall color are excellent even from afar.
		For identification purposes, it is useful to note that the chokeberries are the only shrubs with small fl glands along the upper surfaces of the midribs of the leaves (with the exception of a few Malus species).
		Not particularly noticeable, the reddish-brown bark on chokeberries is smooth with conspicuous lenticels, exfoliating into tight curls with a cross-check diamond pattern.
	www.hort.net /profile/ros/arome (1017 words)

	Cayuta Lake Vegetation Communities
		Tall shrubs of acid wetlands such as highbush blueberry, fl chokeberry and Viburnum cassinoides are present.
		The shrub layer is quite dense and includes spicebush, winterberry, fl chokeberry, highbush blueberry, red-osier dogwood, arrowwood, and nannyberry.
		Characteristic shrubs and vines are swamp buckthorn, highbush blueberry, red-osier dogwood, swamp gooseberry, nannyberry, white clematis, and dwarf raspberry.
	www.plantations.cornell.edu /collections/natareas/Public/Cayuta/Cayuta_VegCom.htm (1028 words)

	PLANT TALK
		Black chokeberries mature in late summer, berries are large, 1/3 to ½ inch in diameter.
		Chokeberries readily adapt to most soil environments that are reasonable well drained.
		Chokeberries are ideally suited for accent and specimen use in the garden.
	www.tulsagardencenter.com /htdocs/barry/aronia/aronia.htm (493 words)

	PLANTS Profile for Photinia melanocarpa (black chokeberry) \| USDA PLANTS
		PLANTS Profile for Photinia melanocarpa (fl chokeberry)
		Photinia melanocarpa (Michx.) Robertson & Phipps – fl chokeberry
		The synonyms italicized and indented below are listed by the U.S. federal government or a state.
	plants.usda.gov /java/profile?symbol=PHME13 (269 words)

	Paghat's Garden: Aronia melanocarpa 'Autumn Magic' (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The study concluded that chokeberry anthocyanins might be useful in combating "oxidative stress" in cardiovascular patients.
		But fresh chokeberries right from the bush are not particularly tasty raw, being so astringent that even the birds leave them for last, or eat them as a last resort in late autumn or winter.
		Chokeberries can also be propogated from seed, but seed-grown specimens may or may not be identical to 'Autumn Magic.' A third method of propogation is merley to slice off suckers with a spade & transplanting them immediately into the areas new shrubs are wanted.
	www.paghat.com /chokeberry.html (988 words)

	* Chokeberry - (Plants): Definition
		Black chokeberry is an open, upright, spreading, somewhat rounded but leggy, deciduous shrub which typically grows 3-6' (infrequently to 9') tall.
		It derives the name 'chokeberry' from the extremely astringent taste that birds supposedly won't tolerate, but it can be quite a pleasant flavor with sweeteners...
		Japanese crabapple, showy crabapple, Japanese flowering crabapple, purple chokeberry - a magnificent garden tree with flowers of white or pink, the flowering crabapple is used profusely in landscaping on the east coast of the US and in California...
	en.mimi.hu /plants/chokeberry.html (226 words)

	WDNR - Washburn Marsh State Natural Area
		Description: Situated in a large wetland basin, Washburn Marsh is an undisturbed wetland that includes expanses dominated by sedges and sphagnum moss, fl spruce-tamarack swamp and some white and red pine in the surrounding area.
		Swamp conifers are encroaching on open areas with scattered conifer islands of Jack pine, white pine, fl spruce, and tamarack.
		Black chokeberry and huckleberry dominate the tall, dense shrub layer with common winterberry, mountain holly, and alders.
	www.dnr.state.wi.us /ORG/LAND/ER/SNA/sna192.htm (328 words)

	Barcel
		Black chokeberry is best used in a setting that will showcase the dramatic fall color.
		In its native environment fl chokeberry can be found in low wet areas and on dry windy hillsides.
		Hardy to zone 3, fl chokeberry should find a place in almost any Nebraska landscape.
	www.justuskids.com /Greatplant98.htm (427 words)

	GreenDealer Exotic Seeds of Chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) with Photographs of the bush (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Chokeberry (Aronia) is the name for 3 species of Aronia: Red Chokeberry (Aronia arbutifolia), Purple Chokeberry (Aronia atropurpurea), and Black Chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa).
		Chokeberry can be grown in just about any soil, but will thrive best in moist soil with a sunny location.
		Black Chokeberry, Aronia melanocarpa, is winter hardy in Zones 4 - 9.
	www.greendealer-exotic-seeds.com /seeds/ChokeBerry.html (251 words)

	Wet meadows (Maine)
		Black willow and rarely, fl gum may be dominant in southern Maine.
		Associated shrubs include highbush blueberry, sheep laurel, maleberry, fl chokeberry, mountain holly, common elderberry, common winterberry, and silky dogwood.
		Black spruce and larch are often co-dominants in forested bogs.
	www.state.me.us /dep/blwq/wetlands/forested.htm (260 words)

	Great Plants for the Great Plains
		Three great shrubs promoted by this program in 1998, 1999 and 2000 are Black Chokeberry, Koreanspice Viburnum and Chenault Coralberry.
		Black chokeberry, Aronia melanocarpa, is a plant highly adaptable to a variety of soil conditions, including low, wetland areas and dry, sandy soils.
		Clusters of white flowers are produced in spring among the dark green foliage.
	hortparadise.unl.edu /Newsrelease/News/GPFTGP.htm (321 words)

	Department of Natural Resources :: Division of Forestry (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Black Gum: Relatively low value for timber, blue berries in fall important food for wildlife.
		Black Locust: Early fast growth and abundant root sprouts.
		Black Oak: Valuable oak timber, adapted to dry soil, consistently produces acorns.
	www.state.in.us /dnr/forestry/nursery/spinf.htm (838 words)

	Peatlands (Maine)
		Larch and northern white ceder dominate wooded fens with red maple, fl spruce, fl chokeberry, sweet gale, blue flag, skunk cabbage, and rarely bog birch also present.
		Along the coast in Downeast Maine, fl crowberry and baked appleberry may be locally dominant with tufted bulrush.
		Forested bogs may have fl spruce, balsam fir, and larch as dominants.
	www.state.me.us /dep/blwq/wetlands/peatlands.htm (270 words)

	SLU Balsgård (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Jeppsson N (2000) The effect of cultivar and cracking on fruit quality in fl chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) and hybrids between chokeberry and rowan (Sorbus).
		Jeppsson N (1999) Breeding fl chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa), an anthocyanin-rich crop.
		Sasnauskas A, Stanys V, Trajkovski V (1999) Black currant heritability of resistance to gall mite (Cecidophyopsis ribis Westw.).
	www-balsgard.vv.slu.se /Publikationer/engpub.html (2475 words)

	Aronia 'Glossy Black Chokeberry' Shrub for Birds - Spring Valley Roses Hardy Roses and Plants for Birds
		Aronia melanocarpa elata is native to North America and is commonly called 'Glossy Black Chokeberry'.
		The flowers are followed by clusters of dark-blue to fl fruit that remain on the plant all winter until consumed by birds.
		Aronia, or Chokeberry, as it is commonly known, is native to North America.
	www.springvalleyroses.com /catalog/aronia.html (369 words)

	DesignTyme's Garden: Shrubs: Shrubs A-C
		It produces fl or purple berries that are great for wildlife and jams and jellies.
		Black Beauty produces dark purple berries in late summer that attract songbirds.
		The Butterfly Bush 'Black Knight', Buddleia 'Black Knight', is a vigorous growing shrub that boasts dark purple flower from mid-summer and is a butterfly magnet.
	www.designtyme.com /plantnursery/Shrubs_A-C.html (2512 words)

	Aronia, Food Resource [http://food.oregonstate.edu//], Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
		Introduction [partial] Aronia Melanocarpa (chokeberry) is a widely distributed plant in Eastern Europe, the Soviet Union, and North America.
		Its berries are dark red, almost fl since skins and pulp are very rich in phenolics and particularly anthocyanins.
		Abstract: Anthocyanins from fruits of Aronia melanocarpa (chokeberry) were extracted with acidified ehtnaol and methanol and fractionated by high performance liquid chromatography.
	food.oregonstate.edu /a/aronia.html (741 words)

	Business - The Enquirer - February 12, 1998 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The fl chokeberry is starting to tickle the taste buds of U.S. consumers, thanks to the efforts of Erlanger-based Wild Flavors Inc.
		The chokeberry, also known as the aronia bush, is a pea-sized, violet-fl berry that is native to North America but has been a popular fruit beverage in eastern Europe for years.
		Wild, which recently opened its $40 million North American headquarters and manufacturing plant east of Mineola Pike, is collaborating with a new fruit drink bottler, Aronia Berry Inc. of Holladay, Utah, which last month began national rollout of its Aronia Berry Juice cocktail through Costco, the growing national warehouse food chain.
	www.enquirer.com /editions/1998/02/12/bus_flavor12.html (356 words)

	Texas Native Plants Database (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In Texas the common choke cherry grows on bluffs and rimrock, rocky slopes, sparse woods and even seepage areas from East Texas to the panhandle to the Trans-Pecos.
		They are followed by 1/4- to 1/3-inch-diameter juicy, thick-skinned, astringent and barely edible dark red fruit which ripens to dark purple or fl.
		The fruit makes fine preserves and is also enjoyed by at least 40 species of birds and browsed by fl bear and cottontails.
	aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu /ornamentals/nativeshrubs/prunusvirginia.htm (210 words)

	FIRE ISLAND -- Sunken Forest
		The island protects the bay from the open-ocean forces and creates a shallow lagoon of more than 100 square miles, which slopes so gradually from shore that one can wade out quite a distance.
		The bay's sheltered waters allow many migrating waterfowl including brant, scaup, fl duck, and red-breasted merganser to congregate.
		fl racer snake (white patch under chin) are excellent climbers and can bite
	nynjctbotany.org /lgtofc/sunkenfr.html (1732 words)

	Chokeberries and Popular Bird Fruit - Wildlife Garden Forum - GardenWeb
		Now I have also read that Chokeberries (Aronia) are one of these fruit of last resort type things when the birds will eat them in winter if there is nothing else to eat.
		I have one fl chokeberry right near a row of grey dogwood, several others in the miniwoodland.
		Chokeberries and chokecherries have nothing in common except for their common name, which shows you how important it is to use correct terminology to identify plants.
	forums.gardenweb.com /forums/load/wildlife/msg0816464420705.html (3100 words)

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