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Topic: Black Earth Region

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	Earth- British Encyclopedia Online (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Earth is the 3rd planet from the Sun at a distance of about 150 million kilometers (93.2 million miles).
		Earth is the only planet in the solar system known to harbor life.
		This layer is formed from rapidly moving charged particles that are trapped by the Earth's magnetic field in a doughnut-shaped region surrounding the equator.
	www.british-encyclopedia.com /astronomy-earth.html (432 words)

	Chernozem - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Chernozem, or Black Earth (from Russian: чернозём), is a kind of soil.
		There are two "Chernozem belts" in the world: from Northeast Ukraine across Black Earth Region and Southern Russia into Siberia, and in Manitoba, Canada.
		Chernozemic soils are a soil type in the Canadian system of soil classification and the United Nations' FAO soil classification.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Black_earth (156 words)

	Orenburgsky Zapovednik
		The region's climate is harsh, dry, and continental, bearing both fierce Siberian winds in the winter and the hot dry winds from the deserts of Central Asia in summer.
		Regional collective farms had pastured their herds on the territory of the zapovednik since the 1920s-1930s.
		Although together the four regions of the zapovednik comprise an average-sized small zapovednik, the four regions are too isolated from each other (separated by a distance of about 150 kilometers) to create an integrated chain of protection.
	www.wild-russia.org /bioregion3/orenburgsky/3_oren.htm (2283 words)

	Kommersant - Russia's Daily Online
		Belgorod Region is located in the southern European part of the Russian Federation in the Central Black Earth region at the intersection of railways and highways.
		Belgorod Region is the jewel of the Central Black Earth region.
		On the one hand, the region is close to the capital; and on the other hand, it is close to the main traditional recreational areas such as the Crimea, the Caucasus, the Sea of Azov, and the Black Sea.
	www.kommersant.com /tree.asp?rubric=5&node=380&doc_id=-37 (3091 words)

	EUROPEAN - Online Information article about EUROPEAN
		Memel (Niemen), with a course of 470 M. in Russia, rises in the N. of Minsk, leaves Russia,at Yurburg, and enters the Kurisches Haff; rafts are floated upon it almost from its source, and steamers ply as far as Kovno; it is connected by the Oginsky canal with the Dnieper.
		In the extensive region covered with boulder-clay the fl earth appears only in isolated places, and the soil consists for the most part of a sandy clay, containing a much smaller admixture of humus.
		Drainage finding no outlet through the thick clay, the soil of the forest region is often hidden beneath extensive marshes, and the forests themselves are often mere thickets choking marshy ground; large tracts of sand appear in the W., and the admixture of boulders with the clay in the N.W. renders agriculture difficult.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /EUD_FAT/EUROPEAN.html (5813 words)

	Earth Introduction
		The crew of Apollo 17 took this photograph of Earth in December 1972 while the spacecraft was traveling between the Earth and the Moon.
		The Earth and Moon were imaged by Mariner 10 from 2.6 million kilometers while completing the first ever Earth-Moon encounter by a spacecraft capable of returning high resolution digital color image data.
		To the left of the mountains is the vast Ross Ice Shelf and the shelf's sharp border with the dark waters of the Ross Sea.
	www.solarviews.com /eng/earth.htm (1599 words)

	Kommersant - Russia's Daily Online
		Lipetsk Region is part of the Central Black Earth economic district situated on the central part of the Russian Plain.
		The population of the region as a whole, as well as the city of Lipetsk, consists mainly of young people with an average age of 25-40; however, the demographic situation is the same as in most regions of European Russia.
		Lipetsk Region was formed as a subject of the Russian Federation with Lipetsk as its capital by decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR in 1954.
	www.kommersant.com /tree.asp?rubric=5&node=395&doc_id=-51 (3348 words)

	Kharkov Region
		In the North and north-east it borders on Belgorod region of Russia, in the East - on Voroshilovgradsk region, in the south-east - on Donetsk region, in the south-west - on Dnepropetrovsk region, in the West and north-west - on Poltava and Sumy regions of Ukraine.
		The relief of the region is a slightly rolling plain with a small incline in the south-west (towards the Dniper watercourse) and in the south-east (towards the Don watercourse) directions.
		Kharkov region is divided into 25 districts, on its territory there are 16 towns, 62 urban settlements, and 1861 villages hamlets.
	kharkov.vbelous.net /english/region.htm (647 words)

	POST-SOVIET TRANSITION AND RUSSIA’S “SECRET CITIES”
		Regional finance officials often know little about public financing of nearby closed cities and sometimes even deny their existence.
		The regional official then deposits the money in his bank account to earn interest, and the workers aren’t paid on time, if at all, that month.
		Regional economies may not be able to maintain the cities if the federal government reduces funding.
	www-rohan.sdsu.edu /~alexseev/ZATO.htm (1601 words)

	::Brides of Russia agency:: Russian Women, Charming Russian Ladies, Beautiful Russian Brides
		The region prospered as the navy grew and supporting industries were established.
		Voronezh lies in the Black Earth region (the soil is really fl) and is known as Russia's breadbasket, as Voronezh grew so did its agricultural industry to become a crucial element of the economy.
		The surrounding Black Earth region saw crucial battles that turned the tide of the war, including the largest tank battle in history at Kursk.
	www.a-russian-bride.net /voronezh.shtml (554 words)

	The Black Earth (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Planet Earth is quite a well known object to all earthlings, and therefore this simulation series will demonstrate the appearance of Earth, if it became a fl hole from one day to another.
		The scene could be rendered even more realistic if the earth's atmosphere is taken into account also (which is enlarged here by a factor of 15 as compared to its true extension).
		Near the Earth's horizon, beyond the dark areas of the night side, there appears a bright region, which is a hint, that the day side becomes visible here after one `turn around' of the light - some hint that we are residing in some part of even greater space curvature.
	www.photon.at /~werner/black-earth (2802 words)

	NASA's Cosmicopia -- Ask Us -- Earth and Moon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The Earth is not a perfect sphere, so the distance to the center of the Earth varies from 6378 km (3963 miles) at the equator to 6357 km (3950 miles) at the poles.
		Since the Earth is revolving around the Sun, it actually has to rotate almost one degree (360 degrees/365.25 days) further until the Sun is in the same place in the sky, which is the definition of a day that everyone is used to.
		From The Nine Planets, the diameter of the Earth is 12,756 km, and the diameter of the Moon is 3,476 km.
	helios.gsfc.nasa.gov /qa_earth.html (10674 words)

	AllRefer.com - Poltava (CIS And Baltic Political Geography) - Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		315,000), capital of Poltava region, E Ukraine, on the Kiev-Kharkiv highway and on the Vorskla River, a tributary of the Dnieper.
		It is an industrial center and important rail junction in the rich fl-earth agricultural region.
		The city has railroad shops, food- and tobacco-processing plants, and factories that produce machinery, railroad equipment, automobiles, tractors, building materials, footwear, leather goods, textiles, and wood products.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/P/Poltava.html (320 words)

	Voronezh Aircraft Plant [VASO] - Russian Defense Industry
		Voronezh is the leading scientific center of the Black Earth Region.
		Voronezh Oblast is located 600 km south of Moscow in the Central Black Earth Region of Russia.
		Voronezh Oblast is surrounded by four other Central Black Earth Regions of Russia: Belgorod, Kursk, Lipetsk, and Tambov, and neighbors with North Caucases and Povolzh'e also known for their fertile lands.
	www.fas.org /nuke/guide/russia/industry/vaso.htm (1062 words)

	Encyclopedia: Collectivisation in the USSR
		Central Black Earth Region or Central Chernozem Region (Центрально-черноземная область, центральная черноземная область, центрально-черноземная полоса) is a part of the Eurasian chernozem belt that lies within Central Russia and comprises Voronezh Oblast, Lipetsk Oblast, Belgorod Oblast, Tambov Oblast, Oryol Oblast and Kursk Oblast.
		The center of the famine, however, was Ukraine and surrounding regions, including the Don, the Kuban, the Northern Caucasus and Kazakhstan where the toll was one million dead.
		Kuban (Russian:) is a region of Russia surrounding the Kuban River, on the Black Sea between Ukraine and the Caucasus.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Collectivisation-in-the-USSR (5453 words)

	Back to the U.S.S.R.: Election 1996 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Mymrino, the tiny village in Russia's Black Earth region where Zyuganov was born, still lacks plumbing and paved roads.
		The region suffered from the mass arrests and forced collectivization of Stalin's time, although you won't hear Zyuganov talk about that when he rhapsodizes about Russia's rural past in his speeches.
		After serving in the army, Zyuganov traveled to the regional capital to study mathematics at the Oryol Pedagogical Institute, where he set himself on a fast track to a party career by leading both the student union and the local branch of the Komsomol communist youth organization.
	www.time.com /time/special/russia/zyuganov2.html (249 words)

	The School of Russian and Asian Studies: Regions & Cities: European Russia (Central): Voronezh
		To the northwest is St. Petersburg; to the south-east, nearly at a mirror's image, lies Voronezh, marking the center of the famous Black Earth Region.
		Today, Voronezh and the entire Black Earth Region, just like 300 years ago under Peter the Great, is about to develop again, restablishing itself as an industrial, scientific and educational center.
		It's many cultural centers are beginning to be restored and it is still known as a repository for folklore traditions.
	www.sras.org /cities.phtml?m=180 (330 words)

	Eleventh Russian Regional Venture Fund established by EBRD [EBRD - Press Release]
		The region, of which the largest city is Voronezh (800,000 inhabitants), is considered to be one of the most fertile agricultural areas in the world.
		The Rabo Black Earth RVF will invest a minimum of 75 per cent of its resources in the Black Earth region while 25 per cent is available for investment in other parts of Russia.
		To date, the EBRD's ten existing Regional Venture Funds have approved 24 investments worth ECU 14.6 million, of which 11 are signed and five are disbursing.
	www.ebrd.com /new/pressrel/1996/93nov26.htm (559 words)

	Sample Attrition, Replenishment, And Weighting in Rounds V-VII - UNC Carolina Population Center
		The general observation is that the combined influence of nonresponse attrition and household turnover does not seriously distort the geographic distribution of the sample or its size or household-head characteristics.
		The distributions for the geographic variables indicate that, between Round V and Round VII, there is a decline in the nominal representation of households in the Moscow/St. Petersburg region, reflected in a decline in the proportion of sample households from the urban domain.
		In RLMS data, the household characteristics that explain the greatest variation in weights are the geographic region and the urban/rural character of the civil division in which the dwelling is located.
	www.cpc.unc.edu /projects/rlms/project/samprep.html (2160 words)

	Middle East Open Encyclopedia: Voronezh (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		In XVIII - XIX centuries Voronezh was a centre of chernozem agricultural region.
		Now Voronezh is the economical, industrial, cultural and scientific center of the so called Black Earth Region.
		Charlotte Hobson's book, "Black Earth City", is an accessible and insightful account of life in Voronezh in the early 1990s.
	www.baghdadmuseum.org /ref/index.php?title=Voronezh (662 words)

	Voronezh
		It is located on the river Voronezh and is the administrative center of Voronezh Oblast.
		It is the economical, industrial, cultural and scientific center of so called Black Earth Region.
		In 1991-2000, the city high in unemployment, became a part of the Communist-voting region known as Russia's Red Belt.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/v/vo/voronezh.html (242 words)

	Pennsylvania State Parks - Archbald Pothole - PA DCNR
		For unknown reasons, the climate of the earth began to cool.
		Ice sheets in the arctic regions began slowly spreading in all directions.
		The bottom layer of bedrock is fl anthracite coal.
	www.dcnr.state.pa.us /stateparks/parks/archbaldpothole.aspx (1556 words)

	COMMUNISM IN AMBUSH - Harun Yahya
		This region suffered the greatest man-made famine in history, with a total of four million dying of starvation.
		In Northern Caucasus and the Black Earth region, there were a million deaths.
		As Sayyed Abdullah, the director of the prison, explained to the prisoners: "You're here to be turned into a heap of rubbish." Torture was common; the worst form entailed live burial of prisoners in the latrines.
	www.harunyahya.com /communism03a.php (7456 words)

	SPURS at MIT
		In the opinion of this observer, the development or Russian capitalism may best be likened to the "progress" of an automobile falling down a ravine as first the wheels come off, then the windows and headlights are smashed in, then the engine falls off, and finally the gas tank is punctured and explodes.
		Kaliningrad is a small region which served in the past as a military outpost of the USSR.
		Formerly East Prussia, it was annexed by Stalin at the end of WW II, its German population fled and/or was expelled and it was populated by military personnel and their dependents.
	web.mit.edu /people/fjk/essays/spurs.html (2919 words)

	[No title]
		The price of milling quality wheat was eighteen percent higher in February than in December 2003 in the Central Black Earth Economic Region, twenty-five percent higher in the Volga Valley Economic District, almost thirty percent higher in the Urals, and more than thirty-four percent higher in the Western Siberia Economic Region.
		In the Central Black Earth Economic Region, the price in February 2004 was 36 percent higher than in December, in the Volga Valley and the West Siberian Economic Region the price was 46 percent higher, and in the Northern Caucasus the price was 39 percent higher.
		This decision is based on recent analyses of the grain situation which revealed that the monthly consumption of food grain in Russia is three mmt and the present food grain reserves ("food grain in the market") are eighteen mmt, more than enough to last until the upcoming harvest.
	www.fas.usda.gov /gainfiles/200404/146105934.doc (1228 words)

	Eco-Economy Indicators: ICE MELT - Ice Melting Everywhere
		It holds enough fresh water to raise the earth’s sea level by 7.2 meters (24 feet) if it were to melt completely, a result expected if the regional temperature rises 3 degrees Celsius.
		The Amundsen Sea region in the West Antarctic has experienced some of the world’s greatest temperature change, with annual temperatures up 2.5 degrees Celsius over the past 60 years.
		Since the collapse of the Delaware-sized Larsen B Ice Shelf in 2002, satellites have shown a two- to sixfold increase in the speed of glaciers flowing toward the former ice shelf.
	www.earth-policy.org /Indicators/Ice/2005.htm (1483 words)

	About Voronezh
		Voronezh is also a capital of the Central Black Earth Region of Russia — a social and economic association comprising Voronezh, Belgorod, Kursk, Lipetsk, Orel and Tambov oblasts with a total population of 10 million.
		In new economic situation of Russia the Region provides a good example of stable growth and successful social and economic reforms.
		Since then traditions of international collaboration on Voronezh oblast has strengthened and developed, and nowadays they are based on powerful industrial and scientific potential of the region, unique nature conditions, advantageous geographic position.
	www.angelfire.com /tx5/vsu_voronezh/about_e.htm (705 words)

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