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	Black Panther Party
		Black Panther Theory: The practices of the late Malcolm X were deeply rooted in the theoretical foundations of the Black Panther Party.
		From the tenets of Maoism they set the role of their Party as the vanguard of the revolution and worked to establish a united front, while from Marxism they addressed the capitalist economic system, embraced the theory of dialectical materialism, and represented the need for all workers to forcefully take over the means of production.
		Panther Eldridge Cleaver begins the movement to "Free Huey", a struggle the Panthers would devote a great deal of their attention to in the coming years, while the party spreads its roots further into the political spectrum, forming coalitions with various revolutionary parties.
	www.marxists.org /history/usa/workers/black-panthers (2685 words)

	Black Panther Party - MSN Encarta
		The BPP combined elements of socialism and fl nationalism, insisting that if businesses and the government did not provide for full employment, the community should take over the means of production.
		Cleaver’s influence in the party increased when Newton was arrested in October 1967 and charged with murder in the death of an Oakland police officer.
		By the end of the decade, according to the party’s attorney, 28 Panthers had been killed and many other members were either in jail or had been forced to leave the United States in order to avoid arrest.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761563992/Black_Panther_Party.html (1375 words)

	P.O.V. - A Panther in Africa . Black Panthers 1968 \| PBS
		Their program called for fls to be tried by juries of their peers, for fl prisoners to be released because none had received fair trials, and concluded with a quotation from the Declaration of Independence, asserting the right to revolution.
		The Black Panther Party's paramilitary style fed a false assumption that all its members were men, even though women went on the early patrols and were part of all subsequent activity.
		The party Newton had founded and inspired continued to attract brilliant leaders, and by the time of his release on appeal in 1970, over forty chapters of the Black Panther Party, including offices in New York, Chicago, Philadelphia, Los Angeles, San Diego, Seattle, and New Orleans were operating.
	www.pbs.org /pov/pov2004/apantherinafrica/special_photo.html (2972 words)

	Black Panthers
		The leaders of the Black Panthers were influenced by the ideas expressed by Malcolm X in the final months of his life.
		We want all fl people when brought to trial to be tried in court by a jury of their peer group or people from their fl communities, as defined by the Constitution of the United States.
		If a fl woman assumed a role of leadership, she was said to be eroding fl manhood, to be hindering the progress of the fl race.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /USApantherB.htm (9343 words)

	Black Panther Party (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The party's original purpose was to patrol fl ghettoes to protect residents from acts of police brutality.
		The Panthers eventually developed into a Marxist revolutionary group that called for the arming of all fls, the exemption of fls from the draft and from all sanctions of so-called white America, the release of all fls from jail, and the payment of compensation to fls for centuries of exploitation by white Americans.
		While some members of the party were guilty of criminal acts, the group was subjected to police harassment that sometimes took the form of violent attacks, prompting congressional investigations of police activities in dealing with the Panthers.
	www.africawithin.com /studies/black_panther_party1.htm (275 words)

	A Brief History Of The Black Panther Party
		Another positive contribution of the BPP was its advocating and practice of equality for women throughout all levels of the organization and in society itself.
		Although the BPP was adept at the art of propaganda and made very good use of its own and the establishment's media, still too many Panthers fell into the habit of making boisterous claims in the public media, or selling "wolf tickets" that they couldn't back up.
		The BPP failed to encourage the Black community to set up its own businesses as a means of building an independent economic foundation which could help break "outsiders" control of the Black community's economics, and move it toward economic self reliance.
	www.thetalkingdrum.com /bla2.html (1792 words)

	[No title]
		The Black Panther Party was a progressive political organization that stood in the vanguard of the most powerful movement for social change in America since the Revolution of 1776 and the Civil War: that dynamic episode generally referred to as The Sixties.
		It is the sole fl organization in the entire history of fl struggle against slavery and oppression in the United States that was armed and promoted a revolutionary agenda, and it represents the last great thrust by the mass of fl people for equality, justice and freedom.
		The Black Panther Party was the manifestation of the vision of Huey P. Newton, the seventh son of a Louisiana family transplanted to Oakland, California.
	www.blackpanther.org /legacynew.htm (858 words)

	Black Panther Party
		Black Panther Party, a militant fl political organization originally known as the Black Panther Party for Self-Defense.
		The Black Panther Party (BPP) was founded in Oakland, California, by Huey Newton and Bobby Seale in October 1966.
		The BPP welcomed alliances with white activists, such as the Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) and later the Weather Underground, because they believed that all revolutionaries that wanted to change U.S. society should unite across racial lines.
	www.africanaonline.com /orga_black_panther.htm (1301 words)

	UC Berkeley Library Social Activism Sound Recording Project: Black Panther Party
		BPP opens first official headquarters in a storefront at 56th and Grove Streets in Oakland, Calif.; Kenny Freeman and Roy Ballard organize the Black Panther Party of Northern California in San Francisco.
		Black Panther party officer Fred Richardson, one of twenty-two defendants charged with a plot to kill policemen, bomb dept stores, police stations and other places, jumps bail; NY Superior Court Justice Murtagh declares $25,000 bail forfeit, issues an arrest warrant and continues to hold two other defendants without bail despite protests by defense attorneys.
		Black Panther leader Huey Newton's 1967 arrest for the murder of an Oakland, CA, policeman was a miscarriage of justice.
	www.lib.berkeley.edu /MRC/pacificapanthers.html (9621 words)

	Seattle Black Panther Party History and Memory Project
		The Black Panther Party for Self Defense established its Seattle chapter in the spring of 1968.
		The uninformed thought of the Panthers as Black Nationalists, but the Party was actually committed to revolutionary internationalism, taking some of its program from the "Little Red Book" (Quotations from Chairman Mao Tse Tung) and identifying with third-world revolutionary movements.
		The Washington state chapter of the BPP was established in April, 1968 after Aaron Dixon, Elmer Dixon, Anthony Ware, Gary Owens and several other future Panthers attended a memorial service in San Francisco for 17 year-old Bobby Hutton.
	depts.washington.edu /civilr/BPP.htm (1000 words)

	publish.nyc.indymedia.org \| New Black Panther Party Demonstration for Sean Bell
		Blacks, especially in the South, have been armed in self-defense for a very long time; indeed, the spiritual parent of the Party itself was the Louisiana-based Deacons for Defense.
		Blacks in the main continue to live in poverty; disproportionate percentages of fls die from AIDS and cancer, as the fl infant mortality rate continues to be double that of whites.
		The Black Panther Party unarguably set the example, espousing principles and a history that certainly should be embraced by all those still struggling for freedom.
	nyc.indymedia.org /en/2006/12/80270.html (3771 words)

	Feature: The Black Panther Party in Baltimore: The First of a Two-Part Series \| 2/1/2006 \| Citypaper.com
		Party leaders developed a 10-point program of specific goals for the fl community, including such basic needs as full employment, decent housing, freedom from exploitation, and an end to police brutality.
		The Panthers had also made it part of their mission to make sure that police officers weren’t harming innocent members of the fl community, and to do so while armed, and that made for a tense situation.
		Conway says he joined the Black Panther Party to organize, not for the drinking, sex, frolicking, and fun and games that were going on among the young Panthers at the time—though he admits that he enjoyed some of that, too.
	www.citypaper.com /news/story.asp?id=11419 (4288 words)

	Black Panther Party Political Art - African-American History Through the Arts
		The Black Panthers main reason for establishment was to have self-defense.
		Across the nation, police raids on Black Panther headquarters were frequent and bloody, and the ranks of the party were decimated by police bullets or imprisonment.
		Black Panther beliefs and reasons for their actions and existence is what makes the Panthers such a unique organization from other Black Power Par-ties.
	cghs.dade.k12.fl.us /african-american/twentieth_century/panthers.htm (1089 words)

	Be Aware - The Black Panther Party
		What people remember most is not the brave young fl men and women who made up the BPP, but just their fl clothing, fl berets and the violence associated with the party who were classed by most of white America as gun-toting revolutionaries.
		The BPP were a party that advocated self-defence and encouraged self-help within the fl community.
		Some panthers died for the cause and this should not be forgotten and neither should the positive aspects of the party itself.
	www.daintycrew.com /panther.htm (635 words)

	A Brief History Of The Black Panther Party
		Another positive contribution of the BPP was its advocating and practice of equality for women throughout all levels of the organization and in society itself.
		Although the BPP was adept at the art of propaganda and made very good use of its own and the establishment's media, still too many Panthers fell into the habit of making boisterous claims in the public media, or selling "wolf tickets" that they couldn't back up.
		The BPP failed to encourage the Black community to set up its own businesses as a means of building an independent economic foundation which could help break "outsiders" control of the Black community's economics, and move it toward economic self reliance.
	thetalkingdrum.com /bla2.html (1792 words)

	African American Registry: Black Panther Party founded. . .
		It was a Black political organization; originally known as the Black Panther Party for Self-Defense.
		The BPP combined elements of socialism and fl nationalism, it promoted the development of strong fl-controlled institutions, calling for fls to work together to protect their rights and to improve their economic and social conditions.
		In 1997, The Black Panther Party Research Project (BPPRP) was created to locate sources and develop finding aids to assist researchers and the general public with uncovering information about the BPP, one of the twentieth century's most controversial, yet least researched organizations.
	www.aaregistry.com /african_american_history/1957/Black_Panther_Party_founded (526 words)

	The FBI'S Covert Action Program to Destroy the Black Panther Party
		The letter intimated that the recent death of a BPP member in California was the result of BPP factionalism (which the Bureau knew was not the case.) The letter also warned Cleaver not to allow his wife, Kathleen, to travel to the United States because of the possibility of violence.
		To counteract any favorable support in publicity to the Black Panther Party (BPP) recipient offices are requested to submit their observations and recommendations regarding contacts with established and reliable sources in the television and/or radio field who might be interested in drawing up a program for local consumption depicting the true facts regarding the BPP.
		BPP Headquarters was beseiged with inquiries after the printing of the San Francisco Examiner article and the people at headquarters refuse to answer the news media or other callers on this question.
	www.icdc.com /~paulwolf/cointelpro/churchfinalreportIIIc.htm (15028 words)

	Black Panther Party Legacy & Alumni - It's About Time...
		She exuded life and her voice was one of grace and calmness, all of which I took to represent the strong Black womanspirit of the Sistas of her generations.
		Black Panther Rank and File exhibit in Baltimore attended by many at Maryland Institute College of Art November 8 opening.
		This edition is a tribute to the 40 year commemoration of the founding of the Black Panther Party for Self-Defense (October 1966 -; 2006), but this isn't just a nostalgic piece.
	www.itsabouttimebpp.com /home/home.html (3122 words)

	AFRO-Americ@: THE BLACK PANTHERS (Site not responding. Last check: )
		But it was divisions within the Party itself, along with a focus on winning local political campaigns in Oakland, which led to its decline by the mid-1970s.
		Decades later, however, the legacy of the Panthers remains vivid in the minds of many; for it is a powerful illustration of the ability of individuals to rise up and join together to fight oppression.
		The still potent image of the fl-clad Panthers, with their trademark berets testifies to the fact that these were young men and women who were unafraid to take power into their own hands and defend the rights of their people, whatever the cost to themselves.
	www.afro.com /history/Panthers/panther-lead.html (405 words)

	Blackflix.com: Black Panther Party: A Phenmonon of History
		The Black Panther Party, which Cleaver has called "a phenomenon of history," originated in 1966 and ceased existence in 1981.
		In fact, it is the motto of this film festival "to capture the imagination of a new generation" to ensure the continuation of the knowledge and spirit of this movement for the up and coming youth.
		The International Black Panther Film Festival is scheduled to take place in Harlem, NY in 2003.
	www.blackflix.com /articles/panther.festival.html (470 words)

	CNN - 'He was a symbol': Eldridge Cleaver dies at 62 - May 1, 1998
		Former colleagues in the Black Panther movement expressed sadness at Cleaver's death and remembered him for his role during that turbulent time.
		He renounced the Black Panthers and told reporters that he believed he would be treated fairly by the American judicial system.
		Black Panther primer - an introduction to the Black Panthers
	www.cnn.com /US/9805/01/cleaver.late.obit (946 words)

	disinformation \| the black panther party (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Black Liberation Movement disintegrated after years of harassment, unjust incarceration, and murder of its leaders in conjunction with the FBI's ruthless COINTELPRO campaign.
		Chicago Panther leader Fred Hampton, a powerful speaker whose best-known achievement was a program providing free breakfasts to ghetto children, was gunned down by police as he slept beside his pregnant companion.
		In the parlance of the Panthers and other revolutionaries, a person who benefits individually from the white power structure's economy is a petit-bourgeois.
	www.disinfo.com /archive/pages/dossier/id285/pg1/index.html (878 words)

	Latest News \| WFAA.com
		Many say that drop is due to the presence of New Black Panther Party members patrolling the Quail Hollow Apartments.
		While the old Black Panther Party was known for being armed and using force, the New Black Panther Party said they have a new way of dealing with trouble, which is talking with people one-on-one.
		Also, the New Black Panther Party patrolling the complex said unlike some of the head butting that has occurred in the past with police, they hope to join forces with officers in hopes of keeping the area safe.
	www.wfaa.com /sharedcontent/dws/wfaa/latestnews/stories/wfaa070129_mo_blackpanther.31d8ef44.html (395 words)

	South End Press \| We Want Freedom
		The average young man or woman in the Black Panther Party was between seventeen and twenty-two years old, lived in a collective home with other Panthers, worked long and hard days (and sometimes nights) doing necess...
		We Want Freedom is not a complete history of the Party; rather it is one former Party member's attempt to weave his personal experiences in the Black Panther Party into both the history of the BPP and the greater context of fl resistance to their position as an oppressed population in the United States.
		Abu-Jamal opens the book with a chapter that places the BPP in the context of fl resistance in the United States from colonial times to the Watts rebellion of the 1960s and the BPP's attempt to bring a more organized form, and indeed revolutionary, mode...
	www.southendpress.org /books/freedom.shtml (1480 words)

	"To Determine the Destiny of Our Black Community": The Black Panther Party's 10-Point Platform and Program
		In 1966, Huey P. Newton and Bobby Seale formed the Black Panther Party for Self-Defense in Oakland, California, taking their identifying symbol from an earlier all-fl voting rights group in Alabama, the Lowndes County Freedom Organization.
		The Panthers initiated community social programs, such as free breakfasts for children, issued a newspaper, and trained recruits with guns, lawbooks, and texts advocating world revolution.
		Although the Panthers became involved in electoral politics in the 1970s, the Party died out by the end of the decade due to repression and internal strife.
	historymatters.gmu.edu /d/6445 (1172 words)

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