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Topic: Black Russia

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	White Russia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		White Russia is a name that was historically applied to different regions in Eastern Europe, most often to the region that roughly corresponds to the present-day Belarus.
		Although Belarus translates to White Russia in many modern languages for historic reasons (starting from Russian Belorussiya and most Germanic languages), the equation of Rus’ and Russia is controversial today and is disputed by a number of historians.
		The origins of the name are somewhat unclear, but it may have had its origins in the efforts made by Russia's tsars to distinguish themselves from their predecessors in Rome and Byzantium (on the basis that Russia was the "Third Rome").
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/White_Russia (714 words)

	Russia - Environmental Problems
		In Asian Russia, the heaviest air pollution is in Omsk and Novokuznetsk in southwestern Siberia, Irkutsk on Lake Baikal, the Noril'sk industrial center in northwestern Siberia, and Khabarovsk in the Far East.
		As a result, 75 percent of Russia's surface water is now polluted, 50 percent of all water is not potable according to quality standards established in 1992, and an estimated 30 percent of groundwater available for use is highly polluted.
		In 1994 Russia complied with Japan's demand to cease dumping entirely; after a long series of negotiations, in January 1996 Russia and Japan agreed on construction of a floating nuclear waste recycling plant and expansion of an existing facility to process nuclear waste generated by the Pacific Fleet.
	countrystudies.us /russia/25.htm (4928 words)

	Black Sea Fleet (BSF) Morskoyo Flota ( Naval Force)
		Black Sea Fleet access to the open waters of the Atlantic from the eastern Mediterranean and Aegean Sea is dependent upon transiting westerly through two more choke points, the Strait of Sicily and the Strait of Gibraltar.
		The connection of the Crimea to Russia had the progressive value: the threat of ruinous raids from the south to the Russian earth was forever removed with the liquidation of Crimean khanate, Turkey was deprived of the fundamental base of its aggression in the North Black Sea area.
		The 1856 Treaty of Paris demilitarized the Black Sea and deprived Russia of southern Bessarabia and a narrow strip of land at the mouth of the Danube River.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/world/russia/mf-black.htm (4081 words)

	Russia's "Black Widows" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		The Chechen women also earned their sobriquet, 'Black Widows,' during this crisis when they were seen on television dressed in fl hijabs with only their eyes showing.
		In a way, the Chechen Black Widows resemble the Tamil women suicide bombers in Sri Lanka, who are also products of a horrific civil conflict, more than the Muslim female bombers encountered in Israel and post-war Iraq.
		After her capture, Muzhikhoyeva said that even the Moscow-based leader of the suicide bombers is a woman called 'Black Fatima,' who was also seen at the rock concert.
	www.frontpagemag.com /Articles/Printable.asp?ID=9088 (693 words)

	GameBanshee Forums - Black Russia
		Russia was endlessly invaded or threatened with invasion from all quarters for close to 800 years, and over that time its people concluded that the most important thing was to have a leader who could rule firmly.
		The image of a stern but protective father was ingrained in Russia to such an extent that they will accept just about any limitation in personal freedoms provided their borders and internal culture are safe.
		At the moment they have a no-nonsense leader who is reviled in the west for being in charge of cleaning up an astronomical mess, and I wouldn't be in his shoes for all the swag on the planet, but a ridiculously large part of his countrymen loves and trusts him.
	www.gamebanshee.com /forums/printthread.php?t=59081 (684 words)

	Ukraine Accuses Russia Of Black Sea Treaty Violations - RADIO FREE EUROPE / RADIO LIBERTY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		Svistkov also said Russia is refusing to turn over some shore-based ship navigation installations, as Moscow promised in the 1997 treaty.
		The agreement allows Russia to base its Black Sea fleet in the Ukrainian port city and its environs until 2017.
		Russia is sensitive about its military installations in the region, which Moscow in some cases has operated since the late 1700s.
	www.rferl.org /featuresarticle/2005/04/04a2bdde-5f71-4c8a-a0d2-d7629663156f.html (250 words)

	WHAT ARE THEY WRITING ABOUT US BLACKS? ROMA AND RACE IN RUSSIA.. AEER 13 (2), 1995
		Many Roma in Russia, whether they are professional performers or not, have profoundly internalized that dance talent and musicality, the dances themselves, are "inherited." This seems selfevident because children of famous singers follow their parents into the profession, and ensembles are often familybased.
		In this telling, she denied "discrimination," the social asymmetries entailed by being fl: having "fl eyes" was useful, as long as she was not mistaken for another kind of nonRussian.
		Blackness also is first constructed as "they" (in line with say, national interests), and after that becomes a possible "we" and may become a powerful, if momentary, focus of weness.
	condor.depaul.edu /~rrotenbe/aeer/aeer13_2/Lemon.html (3445 words)

	Ukraine, Russia, and the Black Sea Fleet Accords
		Russia needed the remains of the BSF not for any strategic purpose but as a symbolic instrument to help it reassert power on its southern flank – vis a vis Turkey, the Caucasus, and future Caspian oil flows.
		Russia was given a nominal 80-85% ownership of the BSF in exchange for an undisclosed compensation for Ukraine.
		Russia and Ukraine have an opportunity to ease their remaining tensions and fully normalize their relations, so that when the time comes again to negotiate over the future of the BSF it will hopefully be a more mundane affair.
	www.wws.princeton.edu /~cases/papers/ukraine.html (9289 words)

	Black Gold - Russia's blessing and a curse - Pravda.Ru (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		Oil continues to be Russia's blessing and a curse at the same time.
		Russia has reached a record high export level of oil, which presently constitutes $134,4 billion, thus exceeding its rating of 2002 by 25%.
		Russia continues to fulfill its gold and foreign exchange reserves.
	english.pravda.ru /main/18/89/357/11821_blackgold.html (727 words)

	Russia, Ukraine, Black Sea Fleet - JRL 2-13-06
		Moscow, 13 February: Russia is ready for a constructive exchange of views with Ukraine on the Black Sea Fleet, the Russian Foreign Ministry has said in a communique.
		A meeting of a subcommission on issues of the Black Sea Fleet's operations and its stationing on Ukrainian territory is scheduled for Tuesday [14 February].
		"The issue of the Black Sea Fleet of the Russian Federation is an important part of Russian-Ukrainian relations and the fleet's stationing in Crimea is a link joining Russia and Ukraine together," the communique says.
	www.cdi.org /russia/Johnson/2006-41-35.cfm (266 words)

	UKRAINE SEEKS CONTROL OF RUSSIAN NAVAL FACILITIES ON ITS SOIL - Eurasia Daily Monitor (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		Ukrainian state authorities seized the Yalta lighthouse on January 13 from Russia's Black Sea Fleet, and a Ukrainian student organization is picketing the Russian radar station in Henychesk around the clock since January 15 with tacit approval from Kyiv authorities.
		The Ukrainian government wants Russia to agree to hand over by February all the 35 coastal installations (outside Sevastopol's bays) that Russia's Black Sea Fleet is using since 1997 without a legal basis.
		The subcommission on the Black Sea Fleet, which forms part of the inter-governmental commission chaired by the two presidents, is scheduled to meet on February 16, against the backdrop of agitated parliamentary election campaigning in Ukraine.
	www.jamestown.org /edm/article.php?article_id=2370676 (919 words)

	Job Discussion Forums :: View topic - Russia and Black People - What is the truth?
		A fl university student was beaten to death in Voronezh, south of Moscow, a couple of months ago.
		I do occasionally see a fl person here in Moscow, but having never met one, I have no idea what their experiences here are like.
		There also isn't a history of friction between fls and Russians as there are in the Americas or Europe, so I' m a little shocked at the racism.
	www.eslcafe.com /forums/job/viewtopic.php?t=10896 (1651 words)

	CNN.com - Russia's 'black widows' wreak terror - Sep 2, 2004
		Russian troops surround school in Russia where students are being held hostage.
		The bombing marked the second major terrorist attack on Russia in a week, following the near simultaneous attacks of two Russian airliners by what authorities believe were two Chechen women suicide bombers.
		The women known as "fl widows" come in their own characteristic "uniform" -- dressed head-to-toe in fl and wear the so-called "martyr's belt" filled with explosives.
	www.cnn.com /2004/WORLD/europe/09/01/russia.widows (580 words)

	ForUm :: Russia boosts security at Black Sea Fleet
		Russia’s Black Sea Fleet issued an angry statement on Friday accusing Ukraine of attempts to destabilize the situation and warned that safety of maritime transportation had been at risk.
		Russia agreed to pay Ukraine $98 mln annually for stationing more than 300 naval ships in Sevastopol and other Crimean bases, but also to rent some other facilities, according to the agreement.
		Let's hope and pray that the tensions between Russia and Ukraine aren't really escalating and the gas conflict and this lighthouse nonsense are the only such events in the months and years to come.
	en.for-ua.com /news/2006/01/16/125006.html (1181 words)

	White Russian Tiramisu (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		White Russia is also called Belarus, and Black Russian I think is just an invention of some bartentender.
		QUOTE:PierreAbbat (There is such a place as Black Russia, according to Bartleby)/QUOTE I had been living 31 years of my life in Russia and never heard about Black Russia.
		Sometimes Central and Southern part of Russia is called Black-Earth (or Black Soil?) in Russian, but it is not the same.
	www.wwwtln.com /finance/208/white-russian-tiramisu.html (554 words)

	Ukraine/Russia: Kyiv Brings Black Sea Fleet Into Gas Dispute
		Russia currently pays $98 million annually to station the fleet -- left over from Soviet times -- in the port of Sevastopol.
		He says the Black Sea Fleet has already lost its strategic importance for Russia.
		If Russia is forced to move the fleet out, it will be a serious blow to Russia's image, it will discredit Russian foreign policy and it will be considered to be a serious set back in [President Vladimir] Putin's policy in Russia," Stanovaya says.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/library/news/2005/12/mil-051221-rferl02.htm (632 words)

	CITES Bans Worldwide Trade in Black Caviar from Russia’s Caspian, Black Sea Regions - MONEY - MOSNEWS.COM (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		Still, the fl market trade may be worth as much as five times that amount and stocks of the fish have declined as much as 30 percent since mid-2004.
		The nations affected by the ban are Russia, Iran, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Romania, Bulgaria, Turkmenistan, Serbia and Montenegro.
		Russia is holding out against its European partners’ demand that it agrees to energy trading rules proposed by the European Union.
	www.mosnews.com /money/2006/01/05/caviarban.shtml (742 words)

	H-Net Review: Johanna Granville on Russia Faces NATO Expansion: Bearing Gifts or Bearing Arms
		Black is a professor of Russian and Soviet history and director of the Centre for Research on Canadian-Russian Relations at Carleton University in Ottawa.
		Although Black claims not to pass judgement on NATO expansion, in various places throughout the book he reveals himself to be an opponent of the policy.
		Black bids his readers to recall that, despite Yeltsin's reelection in June 1996, Zyuganov "polled over 24 million votes in the first round (June 16), which was very close to Yeltsin's 26 million" (p.
	www.h-net.org /reviews/showrev.cgi?path=606972509191 (2712 words)

	Amazon.co.uk: Black Earth: A Journey Through Russia After the Fall: Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		Once again, Russia stands at a crossroads getting by on little but faith, vodka and a blithe indifference to the moral and financial bankruptcy looming from all sides.
		Russia's story is told through the voices of Russians who live at the five corners of the nation.
		It is a dramatic portrait of Russia at a time when the old regime has given way, but the new has yet to take hold.
	www.amazon.co.uk /exec/obidos/ASIN/0007113242 (531 words)

	World of Russian Wines (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		The Soviet Union was one of the largest producers of wine in the world; in 1980 it ranked fourth producing three times as much as the United States.
		Russia, Ukraine, Moldova, and Georgia were the principal wine producers of the USSR.
		The wine grape growing regions of Russia are located in the south between the Black and Caspian Seas.
	www.russiawines.com (217 words)

	Russia Blog
		Given the traditional centralization of powers in Russia and the common national goal of revenge, there will be no Russian newspapers posting details about ongoing counterterrorist operations on their front pages, as happens with the New York Times in America.
		Sochi is the southernmost city in Russia and is located on the Black Sea.
		Russia Blog presents up-to-date news, facts and commentary on the state of events in Russia and the former Soviet Union.
	www.russiablog.org (2496 words)

	MIPT Terrorism Knowledge Base
		Founding Philosophy: Russia’s Black Widows are female suicide bombers, usually of Chechen origin, many of whom lost husbands in the Chechen wars against Russia.
		The first known “Black Widow” was Khava Barayeva, who blew herself up at a Russian military base in Chechnya in June 2000.
		An alert was issued in Russia in early 2004 for a woman popularly referred to as “Black Fatima,” who was thought to be one of the principal recruiters of suicide bombers insider Russia.
	www.tkb.org /Group.jsp?groupID=3971 (495 words)

	'Black Widow' Fears Surround a Russian Verdict
		Female Chechen suicide bombers have committed atrocious violence and roused fear in Russia and one Chechen woman was convicted recently of terrorism.
		Murtazaliyeva's lawyers and human rights activists in Russia, however, insist that she was framed and that explosives were planted in her bag.
		Public alarm about "fl widows" can be detected in the phenomenon of Nato, an enigmatic female singer who emits cultural shock waves here simply by appearing on stage with her face and hair covered by a fl veil and scarf.
	www.womensenews.org /article.cfm/dyn/aid/2175/context/cover (1382 words)

	Amazon.com: Black Earth: A Journey through Russia After the Fall: Books: Andrew Meier (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		Located a thousand miles south of Moscow between the Black and Caspian Seas, this Connecticut-sized area of 6,000 square miles is one of the so-called small nations that lie within Russia's borders, once romanticized by Pushkin, Tolstoy, and Mikhail Lermontov in military epics starring "swarthy mountaineers with bejeweled daggers and mysterious fl-eyed" women.
		Black Earth also helped me better understand the rise of Russia's President, Vladimir Putin, the former KGB official now turned Russian "strongman." In the current international climate, following elections in Iraq and Palestine, it seems as though Russia has regressed from nascent experimentation with freedom and democracy, to its more familiar form of autocratic rule.
		We are shown a Russia adrift in a difficult and complex historical juncture, struggling to deal with its problematic past, present, and future.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0393326411?v=glance (3530 words)

	Brewer, E. Cobham. Dictionary of Phrase & Fable. Black Russia.
		Central and Southern Russia is so called from its fl soil.
		“The winter crops in the whole of European Russia are very good, especially in the fl-earth regions.
		In the government of Northern Russia the condition is less favourable.”—Newspaper paragraph, December, 1893.
	www.bartleby.com /81/1965.html (83 words)

	Turkey, Russia Open Black Sea Gas Pipeline
		Known as Blue Stream the pipeline crowns Russia's efforts to extend its influence in Turkey.
		Successive American administrations have warned Turkey, a key NATO ally, of the dangers of its growing dependence on Russia, which currently supplies 60 percent of the country's gas and 20 percent of its oil.
		Turkey and Russia are now discussing a project to build a pipeline that would run parallel to Blue Stream and be extended to loading terminals on Turkey's southern Mediterranean shores.
	www.payvand.com /news/05/nov/1164.html (393 words)

	Army Technology - Ka-50 Black Shark - Attack Helicopter
		The Ka-50 Black Shark helicopter, developed by Kamov Helicopters JSC, carries the NATO codename Hokum A, Hokum B being the two-seat version, Ka-52.
		It is a high performance combat helicopter with day and night capability, high survivability and fire power to defeat air targets and heavily armoured tanks armed with air defence weapons.
		It entered service in the Russian Army during 1995 and is manufactured at the Sazykin Aviation Company Progress based in Arseniev Maritime Territory, Russia.
	www.army-technology.com /projects/ka50 (719 words)

	Meier, Black Earth, Russia, Russian Modern History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		In vast areas of Russia outside Moscow and St. Petersburg, the lack of a politically and legally empowered civil society also means that there is no high culture, no concern with history, no concern with the building or maintaining of infrastructure or preservation of the environment.
		He was Russia's most captivating cultural star, with powerful and rich patrons in Russia and worldwide, heading one of Russia's most fabled institutions.
		Russia was an accepted participant in world affairs, and recognized by the U.S. Department of Commerce as a free market economy.
	www.futurecasts.com /Book%20review%205-9.htm (7963 words)

	RIA Novosti - Russia - Black Sea Fleet talks should be de-politicized - foreign ministry
		"Our negotiating positions are based on Russia's desire to allow the Black Sea Fleet to continue performing successfully its functions to maintain security in the region for all the coastal states, including Ukraine, and to enable the fleet's servicemen and their families to feel comfortably on Ukrainian territory," he said.
		Dorokhin said Russia's legal position was based on the 1997 basic agreements, which had stood the test of time as a whole.
		The Russian senior diplomat also said that the sub-commission for the Black Sea Fleet would meet in Kiev on February 14 to discuss the situation with the Yalta lighthouse and all other issues essential for the normal functioning of the Black Sea Fleet.
	en.rian.ru /russia/20060212/43495787.html (431 words)

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