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	Black Sea Fleet - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Black Sea Fleet (Russian: Черноморский флот) is a large sub-unit of the Russian (and formerly Soviet) Navy, operating in the Black Sea and the Mediterranean Sea since the early 18th century.
		It is a fleet of enormous historical and political importance for Russia.
		The aviation, marines and landing vessels of Black Sea fleet took part in the Chechen War by means of both auxiliary support and direct involvement.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Black_Sea_Fleet (313 words)

	Black Sea Fleet (BSF) Morskoyo Flota ( Naval Force)
		A result of the division of the Black Sea Fleet between Ukraine and the Russian Federation, armaments and equipment of the Coastal Defence Forces and Naval Infantry assigned to the Russian Federation were subject to withdrawal from the territory of Ukraine.
		Black Sea Fleet access to the open waters of the Atlantic from the eastern Mediterranean and Aegean Sea is dependent upon transiting westerly through two more choke points, the Strait of Sicily and the Strait of Gibraltar.
		In the beginning of 1918 the revolutionary seamen of Black Sea fleet together with the population of the Crimea conducted militant struggle for the establishment of new authority, and then, from the spring, they participated in the fight with the advancing forces of German troops.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/world/russia/mf-black.htm (4081 words)

	Black Sea Fleet (BSF) Morskoyo Flota ( Naval Force) - Russian and Soviet Nuclear Forces (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The 1856 Treaty of Paris demilitarized the Black Sea and deprived Russia of southern Bessarabia and a narrow strip of land at the mouth of the Danube River.
		The Black Sea Fleet agreement was renegotiated in September 1993 and again in April 1994.
		Talks on confidence-building measures between Black Sea states -- Turkey, Ukraine, Bulgaria, Romania, Georgia and Russia -- were initiated in two separate processes in late 1998.
	www.fas.org /nuke/guide/russia/agency/mf-black.htm (1816 words)

	Victorious advance
		And from the sea the fleet was to land a descent.
		The Black Sea Fleet and the Azov Naval Flotilla were to land descents against enemy opposition in the Kerch Peninsula and then to bring in reinforcements, arms and ammunition till the end of the operation.
		The Baltic Fleet was to accomplish two important missions: to move troops to the Oranienbaum beach-head and to bombard the enemy's fortifications on the sector of attack with all of the fleet's coastal defence batteries and ships' ordnance.
	admiral.centro.ru /memor09.htm (15335 words)

	The History of the Russian Navy. Battles in the Black Sea. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Her fleet had blockaded the sea routes from Constantinople to the ports of the Mediterranean and defended the Azov and Crimean coasts.
		That same year, the Black Sea Fleet was authorized to have twelve ships of the line, twenty frigates and a 13,500 man complement.
		The Black Sea Fleet developed quickly and, through its victories, returned to Russia the trade route "from the Vikings to the Greeks," the waterways that, from earliest times, had belonged to Russia.
	www.navy.ru /history/hrn4-e.htm (3426 words)

	Ukraine, Russia, and the Black Sea Fleet Accords
		The BSF negotiations revolved around three primary issues: division of the warships into a truncated Russian BSF and a Ukrainian navy, Russian naval basing rights in and around the Crimean port city of Sevastopol, and the larger question of which country had ultimate sovereign control over the penninsula.
		In the note, Russian BSF commander Admiral Kasatonov was accused of resisting Ukraine in its attempt to posses a navy high school in Sevastopol.
		With no progress on any front of the BSF negotiations, on March 31, 1993, the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine issued a statement that it was examining proposals to be submitted to the Rada (Ukrainian Parliament) on renouncing the validity of the Yalta deal of the previous summer.
	www.wws.princeton.edu /~cases/papers/ukraine.html (9289 words)

	Black Sea (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Ancient states of the Northern Coast of the Black Sea appeared in the process of colonization of the area by ancient Greeks in the 7th - 5th centuries BC and existed for almost one millennium in the South of contemporary Ukraine.
		Throughout the history of their existence cities-states of the Northern Coast of the Black Sea maintained close contacts with Greece and Rome on the one hand and had various relations with the barbarian world of the Northern Black Sea Cost inhabited by the Scythians, Taurs, Sarmathians, Goths and Huns.
		Pichvnari is situated on the Black Sea coast, in the southwestern part of Georgia, within the autonomous republic of Ajaria.
	idcs0100.lib.iup.edu /AncGreece/black_sea.htm (976 words)

	Black Sea Fleet`s future in Sevastopol - Russian News - News From Russia
		There is an impression that Kiev is keen on joining NATO, but The Russian Black Sea Fleet, which is based in Ukrainian territory, presents a serious obstacle to this.
		Back in 2003, President Putin signed a decree on establishing a Black Sea naval base there, explaining, however, that this did not mean we would vacate our principal naval base in Sevastopol.
		As planned, we shall be examining details of the exact mechanism of the Russian Black Sea functions in Crimea.
	www.gateway2russia.com /st/art_275591.php (569 words)

	Russian Black Sea Fleet - CDI Russia Weekly #270
		The fleet is not going to leave Sevastopol although there is a plan to build another Black Sea Fleet base in Novorossiysk.
		News agencies immediately front-paged the minister's statement even though the minister did not seem to have said anything new: Under the 1997 Treaty, the Black Sea Fleet is to remain in Sevastopol until 2017.
		In response, the Shliakh Peremohi daily described the Black Sea Fleet as the fifth column, proposing that a U.S. naval base be deployed in the Crimea.
	www.cdi.org /russia/270-16.cfm (639 words)

	Russia vows to split Black Sea fleet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Kuchma and Yeltsin attempted to keep a step ahead of the fleet division's opponents in a half-hour meeting at the Barvikha health resort outside Moscow, where Yeltsin is resting before heart surgery.
		The dispute over the fleet, which was founded by Catherine the Great, has clouded relations between the countries since the collapse of the Soviet Union and prevented them from signing a friendship and cooperation treaty.
		The fleet of more than 300 ships served as the Soviet counterbalance to the U.S. 6th Fleet in the Mediterranean during the Cold War.
	www.chron.com /content/chronicle/world/96/10/25/russia.html (439 words)

	Black Sea Fleet accord subject of controversy (06/15/97)
		A statement released by Rukh on June 4 called for the countries "to remove the constant tension in the Black Sea region" by de-militarizing it under the Partnership for Peace program, a NATO- sponsored program that encourages military cooperation with the alliance, and to which all the Black Sea basin countries belong.
		Whether the BSF accord will be ratified by either Ukraine's or Russia's Parliament will remain hard to determine probably right up to the final vote in both countries - but at least the members of the legislative bodies will know exactly what was physically split.
		Primakov's misunderstanding may have resulted from the fact that the official residence of the commander of the Black Sea Fleet is located on Omega Bay.
	www.ukrweekly.com /Archive/1997/249703.shtml (896 words)

	sevastopol.org : Museum of Black Sea fleet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The general E. Totleben has given for a museum the house, in which five rooms the exposition was placed (was opposite to a building of a present fleet museum).
		The opening of a museum of a Sevastopol defense was held on September 14, 1869.
		Nowadays in a building the Museum of fl Sea fleet settles down.
	www.sevastopol.org /MON/mchfe.htm (255 words)

	FOR THE RECORD: Shcherbak on the status of Sevastopol (12/22/96)
		Main principles for the Black Sea Fleet's division were determined, and in the end of that year and during the first half of 1996 actual division started.
		The Black Sea Fleet was designed to provide strategic offensive actions not only on the Black Sea, but also in the Mediterranean theater of war.
		Its main task is to defend the southern sea borders of Ukraine in the area of the Black Sea.
	www.ukrweekly.com /Archive/1996/519604.shtml (2198 words)

	RUSNET :: Encyclopedia :: B :: Black Sea Fleet
		The 1856 Treaty of Paris demilitarised the Black Sea and deprived Russia of southern Bessarabia and a narrow strip of land at the mouth of the Danube River.
		When Ukraine demanded the division of the Black Sea Fleet, Russia was forced to begin construction of a new naval base near Novorossiysk, since some 80 to 90 percent of the Black Sea Fleet of the former USSR was deployed in Sevastopol.
		Talks on confidence-building measures between Black Sea states - Turkey, Ukraine, Bulgaria, Romania, Georgia and Russia - were initiated in two separate processes in late 1998.
	www.rusnet.nl /encyclo/b/black_sea_fleet.shtml (1831 words)

	The Black Sea
		The success of this surprise attack by German and Turkish forces was largely due to new restrictions imposed by the military-political leadership on the Commander of the Black Sea Fleet, Admiral Andrey Ebergard.
		The Black Sea Fleet was superior in strength, but the large and fast Geben proved to be an important advantage to the German-Turkish Command.
		The primary mission of the Black Sea Fleet was to blockade the Bosporus and Zongulak, a region that produced coal for fuelling ships.
	www.neva.ru /EXPO96/book/chap11-3.html (836 words)

	RIA Novosti - Russia - Black Sea Fleet talks should be de-politicized - foreign ministry
		"Our negotiating positions are based on Russia's desire to allow the Black Sea Fleet to continue performing successfully its functions to maintain security in the region for all the coastal states, including Ukraine, and to enable the fleet's servicemen and their families to feel comfortably on Ukrainian territory," he said.
		"Their cornerstone positions, such as the term of the fleet's stay on Ukrainian territory and the size of rent are inviolable, while the mechanisms prescribed in such agreements to coordinate interests are quite viable," the diplomat said.
		The Russian senior diplomat also said that the sub-commission for the Black Sea Fleet would meet in Kiev on February 14 to discuss the situation with the Yalta lighthouse and all other issues essential for the normal functioning of the Black Sea Fleet.
	en.rian.ru /russia/20060212/43495787.html (470 words)

	Black Sea Fleet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		In, 1983 he was appointed chief of staff - deputy commander of a group of destroyers of the Northern Fleet.
		After graduating from the Higher Specialized Officer Classes in 1980, he returned to the Black Sea Fleet as second in command.
		From 1986-1992, he was promoted to chief of staff, then commander of the antisubmarine squadron of the Northern Fleet.
	www.fas.org /irp/world/russia/fbis/BlackSeaFleet.html (798 words)

	Warsaw Voice - Fleeting Disagreements
		Despite a strong vote in the Duma to recover Sevastopol from Ukraine and shelve plans to divide the Black Sea fleet, the Kremlin intends to ignore Russia's regressive parliamentarians.
		The Russian Duma attempted to block the division of the Black Sea fleet and laid claim to Sevastopol on the eve of Ukrainian President Leonid Kuchma's visit to Moscow.
		Kuchma and Yeltsin announced on Oct. 24 they had agreed on the division of the Black Sea fleet and on stationing the Russian part of the fleet on Ukrainian territory.
	www.warsawvoice.pl /archiwum.phtml/275 (428 words)

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	www.tridentmilitary.com /russian.militaria.htm (3977 words)

	Keyword (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Preserved for 1,500 years by the scarcity of oxygen in the Black Sea's depths, the wooden mast provides a tantalizing hint of the historical treasure that archaeologists have now begun to excavate.
		The Black Sea was originally a freshwater lake that in ancient times became inundated by the salty Mediterranean.
		The Bosporus is a strait that connects the Black Sea with the Sea of Marmara in the center of this view of northwest Turkey, taken during the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM).
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/keyword?k=blacksea (3032 words)

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		Nezavisimaya Gazeta writes that Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Navy, Admiral of the Fleet Vladimir Kuroyedov has announced two new Black Sea Fleet bases will be built in the Novorossiisk area on the Black Sea coast of the North Caucasus by 2017.
		Given the construction of the Novorossiisk base, Defense Minister Sergei Ivanov recently said that Russia was not going to move the Black Sea Fleet's main base from the Ukrainian city of Sevastopol to Novorossiisk.
		Admiral Vladimir Masorin, the Black Sea Fleet's commander, believes the fleet cannot expand in Sevastopol and can only be maintained at the required level, whereas on the Russian coast it can develop in accordance with the objectives to be set to it.
	www.russiannewsroom.com /print.aspx?id=2970 (377 words)

	Government portal :: News
		The rumors that Ukraine will demand early withdrawal of the Russian Black Sea naval fleet from its territory and that it plans to amend the agreement on the Black Sea fleet are untrue, the Ukrainian National Security and Defense Council's Secretary Petro Poroshenko said on Thursday.
		Poroshenko, Ukraine is strictly fulfilling its obligations under the agreement on the Black Sea naval fleet.
		He stressed that negotiations on the fate of the fleet after 2017 should be held early to enable the two countries to prepare and make the relevant decisions.
	www.kmu.gov.ua /control/en/publish/printable_article?art_id=15864740 (215 words)

	RIA Novosti - Russia - Black Sea Fleet situation may deteriorate
		MOSCOW, July 13 (RIA Novosti) - The Russian Black Sea Fleet situation may deteriorate if Ukraine continues its pro-NATO policy, a chief expert at the Russian Academy for Geopolitical Problems said, commenting on military exercises in Crimea, Ukraine, under the NATO Partnership for Peace program Wednesday.
		"By law, the Black Sea Fleet can remain in Ukraine until 2017, but in reality this may be impossible in certain conditions," he said.
		The Russian Black Sea Fleet's main base is in Sevastopol, Crimea.
	en.rian.ru /russia/20050713/40902088.html (302 words)

	Defense and Security / PressPATROL / Media Monitoring Agency WPS
		Admiral Eduard Baltin, former commander of the Black Sea Fleet, sent a letter to the Russian president and proposed to build the main base of the Black Sea fleet near Anapa.
		The admiral said that the lakes resemble Donuzlav (the former reserve base of the Black Sea fleet in the Crimea).
		In the meantime, Admiral Vladimir Masorin, former commander of the Black Sea Fleet and incumbent chief of the central Staff of the Navy, has already criticized Baltin.
	www.wps.ru /en/pp/military/2005/05/21.html (957 words)

	Ukraine Seizes Russia’s Black Sea Fleet Control Center - NEWS - MOSNEWS.COM (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Ukrainian authorities have unlawfully seized control over the Yalta lighthouse, which is the control centre for the Black Sea Fleet’s hydrographic service, an official told the Interfax news agency on Friday.
		The command of the Black Sea Fleet has notified Ukraine’s authorities of the incident, the source said, adding that “the unlawful actions on the part of Ukraine were aimed at ignoring the bilateral agreements on the Black Sea Fleet and destabilizing the situation in the region”.
		Earlier this month, the Black Sea Fleet said in a statement that the fleet command “does not intend to allow sites belonging to the fleet to be damaged”.
	www.mosnews.com /news/2006/01/13/lighthouse.shtml (824 words)

	Ukraine won't extend accord on Russian Black Sea fleet: FM
		The decision was justified given "systematic violations" of the bilateral agreement by Russia, while "Ukraine has fulfilled all of its obligations," he was quoted as saying by Interfax-Ukraine news agency from the eastern city of Dniepropetrovsk.
		Given that Russian military officials have repeatedly said that Moscow is ready to proceed with the construction of a new base for the fleet near the Russian port city of Novorossiysk, there is no need to extend the accord, said Tarasyuk.
		Russia and Ukraine signed an agreement in 1997 that allowed Moscow to keep its Black Sea fleet in Sebastopol, which housed the fleet during Soviet times, for 20 years.
	www.spacewar.com /2005/050415174631.ayclvop9.html (271 words)

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