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Topic: Black Sheep Turkmen

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	Black Sheep - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Black sheep (term), a colloquial term meaning "outsider"
		Black Sheep (novel), a 1966 romance novel by Georgette Heyer
		Kara Koyunlu, known as the "Black Sheep Turkmen"
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Black_sheep (134 words)

	Kara Koyunlu - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		However, in 1400, the armies of Tamerlane defeated the Black Sheep Turkomans, and Kara Yusuf fled to Egypt and sought refuge with the Mamelukes.
		When Rokh died in 1447, the Black Sheep Turkomans annexed portions of Iraq and the eastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula, as well as Timurid controlled western Iran.
		In 1466, Jihan Shah attempted to take Diyar Bakr from the White Sheep Turkomans, however, this was a catastrophic failure resulting on Jihan Shah's death and the collapse of the Black Sheep Turkoman's control in the Middle East.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Black_Sheep_Turkmen (352 words)

	Trabzon: Definition and Links by Encyclopedian.com
		Trebizond controlled an area across the southern Black Sea coast, and parts of the Crimean peninsula and Kerch briefly in the thirteenth century.
		His son Alexios IV[?] married two of his daughters to Cihanshah[?], khan of the Black Sheep Turkmen, and to Ali Beg[?], khan of the White Sheep Turkmen; while his eldest daughter Maria became the third wife of the Byzantine Emperor John VIII Palaeologus.
		He gave his daughter to the son of his brother-in-law, Uzun Husan[?] khan of the White Sheep Turkmen, in return for his promise to defend Trebizond.
	www.encyclopedian.com /tr/Trabzon.html (806 words)

	Ak Koyunlu - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		According to chronicles from the Byzantine Empire, White Sheep Turkomans were present in Anatolia since at least 1340, and most White Sheep Turkoman leaders, including the dynasty's founder, Kara Osman, married Byzantine princesses.
		For a long time, the White Sheep Turkomans were unable to expand their territory, as the rival Black Sheep Turkoman kept them at bay.
		The Safavids and the White Sheep Turkomans met in battle at Nakhichevan in 1501, and the Safavid leader Ismail I forced the White Sheep Turkomans to withdraw.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/White_Sheep_Turkmen (459 words)

	Turkmen's Inborn Democracy is Philosophical Throughout
		Unique skill of Turkmen women will be the summit of colors, talent and mastery harmony both today and tomorrow and always.
		Turkmen are deaf to dictation but they are sensitive to authority.
		However, Turkmen are not consumers, they, figuratively speaking, inherit the freedom like they inherit hair and eyes colour.
	presidentniyazov.tripod.com /id45.html (1301 words)

	NewsCentralAsia.com - Karakul Sheep – Luxury on Hoofs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Karakul (Black Lake) is named after a village of the same name that is situated along the banks of Amudarya River in Bukhara.
		Sheep breeding is one of the areas where Turkmenistan has managed to attain 90% privatization with positive results.
		Most lambs are born coal fl with lustrous wavy curls, with the face, ears, and legs usually showing smooth, sleek hair.
	www.newscentralasia.com /modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=311 (1466 words)

	Saudi Aramco World : Turkmenistan on a Plate (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		To compensate, Turkmens raised livestock hardy enough to withstand desert extremes, and they ate the meat and milk of their sheep, camels and mountain goats.
		Although Turkmen cuisine shares some general characteristics with other Central Asian cuisines—rice-based pilaf is nearly universal, and meat stews are prepared throughout the region—the historical lack of agriculture has kept the food of Turkmenistan distinct from that of nearby countries, where flour-based foods like noodles, dumplings and savory pies are more common.
		(Turkmen cuisine favors frying: According to superstition, bad luck burns off with the smoke.) The standard churek was originally made with a sourdough starter, but today it is more often leavened with yeast, to the dismay of older Turkmens, who claim that the national repertoire once boasted no fewer than 114 varieties of filled breads.
	www.saudiaramcoworld.com /issue/200601/turkmenistan.on.a.plate.htm (2968 words)

	Paradox Interactive Forums - Black Sheep: A Kara Koyunlu AAR
		The Black Sheep Turkmen were vassals of the Jalayirid dynasty in Baghdad and Tabriz from about 1375, when the leader of their leading tribe, ruled over Mosul.
		However, in 1400, the armies of Tamerlane defeated the Black Sheep Turkmen, and Kara Yusuf fled to Egypt and sought refuge with the Mamelukes.
		In 1466, Jihan Shah attempted to take Diyar Bakr from the White Sheep Turkmen, however, this was a catastrophic failure resulting on Jihan Shah's death and the collapse of the Black Sheep Turkmen's control in the Middle East.
	www.europa-universalis.com /forum/showthread.php?t=179161 (4707 words)

	HUNMAGYAR.ORG - TURAN - TURKMENISTAN (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The Turkmen evolved from Oghuz tribes which settled in the region of present-day Turkmenistan in the 8th and 9th c.
		In 1921 a Turkmen region was established as part of Soviet Turkestan (Central Asia), but already in 1924, the Soviets started to split up this unit to create national homelands.
		Turkmen nationalist movements were still operating, with goals of establishing an independent Turkmenistan, if necessary with British help.
	www.hunmagyar.org /turan/turkmen/turkmen.html (1036 words)

	SoE Turkmenistan
		Turkmen oil is of a very high grade, both as fuel and as chemical raw material.
		Turkmen melons have long been famous long ago, and the turkmen grapes are also well known.
		Arabian camels are used as a means of transport for sheep headers, for getting water from desert wells, and as a source of meat, wool, and milk are also traditional Turkmen livestock.
	enrin.grida.no /htmls/turkmen/soe/htmeng/economy.htm (898 words)

	White Sheep Turkmen - Education - Information - Educational Resources - Encyclopedia - Music
		According to chronicles from the Byzantine Empire, White Sheep Turkmen were present in Anatolia since at least 1340, and most White Sheep Turkmen leaders, including the dynasty's founder, Kara Osman, married Byzantine princesses.
		For a long time, the White Sheep Turkmen were unable to expand their territory, as the rival Black Sheep Turkmen kept them at bay.
		The Safavids and the White Sheep Turkmen met in battle at Nakhichevan in 1501, and the Safavid leader Esma'il I forced the White Sheep Turkmen to withdraw.
	www.music.us /education/W/White-Sheep-Turkmen.htm (636 words)

	Annual Report 2002
		Gray lambs are usually heavier than fl, and their pelage (fur) is usually over-developed; but, they are less healthy.
		However, the milk of the fl ewes was richer in fat and total solids.
		Sarajin is a breed native to Turkmenistan, its meat is in high demand and its wool is used in the renowned Turkmen carpets.
	www.icarda.cgiar.org /publications/annualreport/2002/Th2_Pr5.htm (2341 words)

	HighBeam Encyclopedia â“ Free Online Encyclopedia for Reference, Research, Facts
		The so-called Black Sheep Turkmen horde brought it to an end when they took (1410) Baghdad.
		He fought the Black Sheep and succeeded in recapturing Tabriz and much of W Persia.
		After his succession (ruled 1447-49) to the throne the Timurid empire fell into anarchy; the Turkmen horde known as the White Sheep conquered much territory, while the Uzbeks looted Samarkand.
	www.encyclopedia.com /printable.aspx?id=1E1:Timurids (305 words)

	search.com - Empire of Trebizond - Search.com Reference (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The sources agree that Rusudan, the wife of Manuel and the mother of Alexius and David, fled Constantinople with her children, to escape persecution by Isaac II Angelus, Andronicus' successor.
		It is unclear whether Rusudan fled to Georgia or to the southern coast of the Black Sea where the Comnenus family had its origins.
		His son Alexius IV married two of his daughters to Jihan Shah, khan of the Black Sheep Turkmen, and to Ali Beg, khan of the White Sheep Turkmen; while his eldest daughter Maria became the third wife of the Byzantine Emperor John VIII Palaeologus.
	domainhelp.search.com /reference/Empire_of_Trebizond (1045 words)

	Anatolian Perspectives - The Greyhound Of Anatolia: Turkmen Tazi
		Black mask (karabas), white mask (akbas) and reversed masks are all seen.
		Some tazis have fl and tan Kopay color, some others could be red, white, fl, brindle and pinto.
		I had to learn about sheep, goats, donkeys, horses, cattle, bees, cats, wheat, carpets, forests and wolves along with history and genetics in order to have a multifaceted perspective about these dogs or about everything surrounds them.
	www.anatoliandog.org /isik-003.htm (2739 words)

	Trabzon
		Trabzon, formerly known as Trebizond, is a city on the Black Sea coast of north-eastern Turkey.
		It was an empire more in title than in action, surviving by playing its rivals against each other, and offering daughters of its rulers or marriage with generous dowaries.
		The city held out for a month before the emperor David finalized his surrender on August 15, 1461.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/tr/Trabzon.html (673 words)

	I love Cook
		The Turkmen Pilow is main food in a Turkmen Wedding Ceremonies.
		The Turkmen Pilow usually serves with yogurt or yogurt drink (gatyk,ayran) and a salad.
		The Turkmen Bread is a symbol of luck, happiness and disrespect it is a seen.
	members.tripod.com /agayevmny/i_love_cook.htm (667 words)

	Chap5
		The fleeces of all sheep are bulked, regardless of breed or quality, and sold only if they have a contact with a buyer or are within a short distance of an urban wool depot.
		Karakul wool is curly and of different colours; fl, brown, grey and whitish, though 80% of Karakul sheep are fl.
		Karakul sheep, being adapted to arid desert conditions, are not kept on the predominantly highland pastures of Kyrgyzstan.
	www.ilri.cgiar.org /InfoServ/Webpub/Fulldocs/WP45/Chap5.htm (4659 words)

	Naxarar Reactions
		For example, in 1343, the Qara Qoyunlu (Black Sheep) Turkmens (who had established bases in Bagrewand and Kajberunik' in the late 13th century) were ceaselessly raiding around Xlat' (390).
		Not only was good farmland allowed to desiccate, but with the mass enslavings and deportations of whole villages, there were even fewer farmers; and with the mass theft of livestock, remaining farmers often were deprived of their only source of power for pulling the plow.
		The decline of Armenia's cities in this period was caused by Turkmen ravages, excessive taxation, and by the transferal of the international trade routes.
	rbedrosian.com /d6a.htm (3407 words)

	The Unreached Peoples Prayer Profiles
		The main homeland of the Turkmen is the central Asian region, formerly known as Turkestan.
		Traditional Turkmen society was characterized by a distinct economic division between the cattlemen and farmers.
		The Turkmen of Afghanistan; Iran; Tajikistan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan.
	www.global12project.com /2004/profiles/clusters/8039.html (942 words)

	The Women Behind the Turkmen Rugs
		The men of the Turkmen tribes tended and sheared the sheep, providing a bounty of wool for the weavings that were an integral part of daily life.
		The Turkmen browns are derived from walnut hulls, and the yellows from any of 20 desert flowers.
		The fl is a mixture of iron oxide and tannin.
	www.noevalleyvoice.com /2000/April/florence.html (990 words)

	Upto11.net - Wikipedia Article for History of Iraq
		In the eighth century, the Abbasid Caliphate established its capital at Baghdad, which later became a frontier outpost of the Ottoman Empire.
		During the late 14th and early 15th centuries, the Black Sheep Turkmen ruled the area now known as Iraq.
		In 1466, the White Sheep Turkmen defeated the Black Sheep Turkmen and took control of the region.
	www.upto11.net /generic_wiki.php?q=history_of_iraq (4996 words)

	Armenians in Iran (ca. 1500-1994)
		Tamerlane's invasion at the end of the fourteenth century and the wars between the Black and White Sheep Turkmen dynasties in the fifteenth century had a devastating effect on the population of historic Armenia.
		The latter part of the fifteenth century witnessed the weakening of the White Sheep and the attempts of the Ottoman sultan, Bayazid 11 (1481-1512), to take advantage of the situation and to extend his domains eastward into Armenia and northwestern Iran.
		Ten years later he managed to gain control over Iran, historic Armenia, and much of eastern Transcaucasia, and he founded a theocratic dynasty that not only claimed to be descended from 'Ali, the son-in-law of the prophet Muhammad, but that also portrayed the shahs as reincarnations of the Shi`i imams or saints.
	www.parstimes.com /history/armenians.html (4984 words)

	Turkmenistan
		Seventy per cent of the sheep population are fl or grey Karakul.
		The desert ecosystems will not support year-round grazing by sheep and camels and overstocking in these areas has resulted in soil compaction and degradation.
		A livestock owners’ society (Turkmenlari) was established in 1997 to privatise and reform the livestock sector and to improve livestock management and distribution.
	www.ilri.cgiar.org /InfoServ/Webpub/Fulldocs/Wana/Turkmenistan.htm (677 words)

	AH Challenge: Byzantium AND Ottomans Survive - Alternate History Discussion Board
		The previous dynasties, the White Sheep Turks and the Timurids, had been Sunni, and Sunnism IIRC was still fairly strong.
		The Black and White Sheep Turkmen are too busy fighting each other for them to be a threat.
		The White and Black Sheep Turkmen are too exhausted to follow up on this victory, however.
	www.alternatehistory.com /discussion/showthread.php?t=8002 (3006 words)

	Jalayirids (1336-1432 AD), DBA IV/67
		The Qara Qoyunlu (Black Sheep Turkmen) had established themselves as an independent principality at Van in central Armenia in 1379 AD, expanding their rule and raiding heavily in southern Armenia in the 1380s.
		With the aid of Qara Yusuf and the Black Sheep Turks, Ahmad was able to return to Baghdad after Timur's departure in 1402 AD, but he was expelled from his own kingdom after quarreling with Yusuf.
		Qara Yusuf's Black Sheep Turks defeated the Timurids at Nakhichevan, reoccupied Tabriz and then decisively defeated the army of Miranshah and Abu Bakr on 20 April 1408 AD.
	www.fanaticus.org /DBA/armies/IV67 (1335 words)

	Trabzon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		This line of Trapezuntine Comneni added the title Megas ("Grand") to their name and ruled the empire until its end.
		It was an empire more in title than in action, surviving by playing its rivals against each other, and offering daughters of its rulers or marriage with generous dowries.
		His son Alexius IV married two of his daughters to Cihanshah, khan of the Black Sheep Turkmen, and to Ali Beg, khan of the White Sheep Turkmen; while his eldest daughter Maria became the third wife of the Byzantine Emperor John VIII Palaeologus.
	bopedia.com /en/wikipedia/t/tr/trabzon.html (689 words)

	SFBARS
		Today, in modern Turkey, the Karakoyunlu represent one of the largest Yoruk tribes still in existence, those shown in the film have their summer pastures (Yayla) in the central Toros Mountains at a height of 2000-2500 meters and their winter pastures (qishlak) are on the Turkish coast east of Antalya.
		For the Sarikecheli the main weaving season is during their stay in the qishlaq before the sheep and goats give birth to the kids and lambs.
		Sheep wool yarn is mostly used for the slit-tapestry weavings (Kilim) both for large sizes and for bags, decorated storage bags and camel bags.
	www.sfbars.org /meet4.html (5275 words)

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