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	American Rhetoric: Stokely Carmichael - Black Power
		It enslaves fl people after they’re born, so that the only acts that white people can do is to stop denying fl people their freedom; that is, they must stop denying freedom.
		We are oppressed as a group because we are fl, not because we are lazy, not because we're apathetic, not because we’re stupid, not because we smell, not because we eat watermelon and have good rhythm.
		And that if that party refuses to seat fl people from Mississippi and goes ahead and seats racists like Eastland and his clique, it is clear to me that they’re moving politically, and that one cannot begin to talk morality to people like that.
	www.americanrhetoric.com /speeches/stokelycarmichaelblackpower.html (6518 words)

	Black Speech - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Black Speech is the fictional language of Mordor in The Lord of the Rings.
		Sauron created the Black Speech, as an artificial language, to be the sole language of all the servants of Mordor, replacing the many different varieties of Orkish and other languages used by his servants.
		The Black Speech is unfortunately one of the more incomplete languages in Tolkien's novels, because the forces of good refuse to utter it, as it attracts the attention of the Eye of Sauron.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Black_Speech (437 words)

	Pound Cake Speech - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Pound Cake Speech was given by Bill Cosby in May 2004, at an event to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the Brown v.
		It is noted, in the speech transcript, that the largely fl audience of professionals, activists, and elected officials, such as Barack Obama and Jesse Jackson, cheered and applauded the points in his speech; however, the tone of the national media's reporting (see some examples above) suggested division and condescension against all fls.
		In the same speech he had scathing remarks for Christians and the police, as well as praise for the efforts of Black Muslims and their effectiveness in positive social change for the urban population he was referring to, however, these statements were not prominent in media reporting.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ghettosburg_Address (389 words)

	Orkish
		From the Black Speech, however, were derived many of the words that were in the Third Age wide-spread among the Orcs, such as ghâsh 'fire', but after the first overthrow of Sauron this language in its ancient form was forgotten by all but the Nazgûl.
		This suggests that the Black Speech does not mark the distinction between definite and indefinite nouns (which is not in itself a defect, since this is also the case in major languages like Russian and Chinese).
		DBS means "debased Black Speech" and in effect marks words from the curse of the Mordor-orc, except in the case of sharkû.
	www.uib.no /People/hnohf/orkish.htm (3580 words)

	Stokley Carmichael -- Berkeley Speech on Black Power
		Some believed that Black Power was primarily a call for solidarity among fls; some saw it as seeking to fill a power vacuum in the fl community; and some saw it as a bid to wrest power from whites.
		He believed that for fls to appeal to white power structures as the way to bring about change was both ineffective and demeaning and that real change required that fls develop the necessary economic and political muscle themselves.
		We are oppressed as a group because we are fl, not because we are lazy or apathetic, not because we’re stupid or we stink, not because we eat watermelon or have good rhythm.
	www.voxygen.net /cpa/speeches/carmichaeltxt.htm (5227 words)

	Black Speech@Everything2.com
		With the rising of Sauron in the third age, the fl speech became once again the language of Mordor and the tongue of the captains of the fl land.
		The vowel tones in Black Speech are guttural, and the consonants harsh.
		The structure of the few phrases we have suggests that the Black Speech does not differentiate between the singular and the plural: the term Nazgûl is used both for one ringwraith or the entire cohort of nine.
	everything2.com /index.pl?node_id=598414 (1065 words)

	Black English Vernacular (Ebonics) and Educability
		The Oakland Public Unified School Board's recent attention to Ebonics, or Black English Vernacular, as one of the main causes of the scholastic shortcomings of Black youth has opened yet another controversial chapter in an ongoing national debate on the educability (that is, the ability to learn) of Black youth in America's inner cities.
		The sad reality is that Blacks' poor performance in school only further reinforces for many Americans stereotypes of the intellectual inferiority of Black Africans and their Diasporas.
		Different renditions of a parent Black English Vernacular conceivably have existed among the younger generations of Blacks residing in northern urban environments of the United States ever since large migrations of Blacks from the rural South began in the first half of the twentieth century.
	www.aawc.com /ebonicsarticle.html (4860 words)

	African Unity Day - Black Elk Speech (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Black Elk was a man of the Oglala band of the Lakota Nation; a Red man and a Wichasha Wakan, a Holy Man. The story of his life and times is a remarkable journey of faith.
		Black Elk may have felt that he did not complete the work the Six Grandfathers set him to.
		But through the telling his story, the sacred voice of the Grandfathers has become a sound greater that the voice of a single man. And the enormity of the task is easily greater than the span of a single life, but the work of generations.
	www.imagecraft.com /fourwinds/Blackelk.html (1412 words)

	Black Speech - Tolkien Gateway
		Sauron created the Black Speech, as an artificial language, to be the sole language of all the servants of Mordor, replacing the many different varieties of Orkish and other languages used by his servants.
		The Black Speech is unfortunately one of the more incomplete languages in Tolkien's novels, because the forces of good refuse to utter it, as it attracts the attention of the Eye of Sauron.
		For Peter Jackson's The Lord of the Rings, the linguist David Salo used what little is known of the Black Speech to create enough of a language for use in the movies.
	tolkiengateway.net /wiki/Black_Speech (388 words)

	What Is Black Poetry
		I also need to point out that the development of the fl arts movement had roots and precedents in earlier movements within fl literature, as well as roots from outside the fl literary tradition.
		In this case the fl arts era is birthed with the death of Malcolm X and makes it's own transition in 1976 when its three major publishing institutions all, each for different reasons, cease functioning.
		The fl branch has yet to produce major anthologies or recordings, and thus is not easily available for study and teaching in the classroom.
	www.nathanielturner.com /whatisblackpoetry.htm (1876 words)

	Performing "truth": Black speech acts \| African American Review \| Find Articles at BNET
		I posit that the form of "truth" asserted by the invocation of Black Speak is based in the sense of community evoked by and attributed to the cultural/communicative form.
		Black Speak communicates a "truth" by infusing its messages with the linguistic style that formulates and informs cultural identities and communities.
		That is, Black Speak is invoked to communicate clearly and concisely a "truth" to another or others who have shared the cultural history and who are conversant in the vernacular form.
	findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m2838/is_2_36/ai_89872238 (776 words)

	New book challenges theories of black speech
		It asserts that African-American speech is derived both from British-based dialects, which would have been adopted by fls as they were enslaved and brought to colonial America, and vestiges of an African-based Creole language markedly different from British-based dialects.
		That's because fl speech became strongly identified with a sense of fl identity in the 20th century, Wolfram says.
		Wolfram and Thomas believe that one of the major ways fl speech norms in the 20th century have been transmitted is by interregional contact among African-Americans.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2002-03/ncsu-nbc031402.php (947 words)

	Hugo Black - The Bill of Rights
		For example, there is a question as to whether the First Amendment was intended to protect speech that courts find "obscene." I shall not stress this or similar differences of construction, nor shall I add anything to the views I expressed in the recent case of Smith v.
		He told the Congress that under it "The right of freedom of speech is secured; the liberty of the press is expressly declared to be beyond the reach of this Government.
		It has also been argued that since freedom of speech, press, and religion in England were narrow freedoms at best, and since there were many English laws infringing those freedoms, our First Amendment should not be thought to bar similar infringements by Congress.
	www.criminology.fsu.edu /faculty/gertz/hugoblack.htm (6059 words)

	Surrender Speech (1832)
		Finally Black Hawk had no choice but to surrender, and in his speech he detailed the history of lies and betrayal the white men had perpetuated on Native Americans.
		After his defeat, Black Hawk and his son Whirling Thunder were captured and sent by Andrew Jackson on a tour, to be displayed as "trophies" of war.
		For further reading: Black Hawk: An Autobiography (Jackson, ed., 1955); Grant Foreman, Indian Removal (1932); Ronald N. Satz, American Indian Policy in the Jacksonian Era (1974); Michael D. Green, The Politics of Indian Removal (1982); and Francis Paul Prucha, The Great Father: The United States Government and the American Indians (1986).
	usinfo.state.gov /usa/infousa/facts/democrac/12.htm (817 words)

	The Grey Havens - Middle-earth: Orkish and the Black Speech - base language for base purposes
		"It is said that the Black Speech was devised by Sauron in the Dark Years," Appendix E informs us, "and that he had desired to make it the language of all those that served him, but he failed in that purpose.
		On the other hand, the Black Speech name of Barad-dûr was Lugbúrz, meaning Dark Tower just like the Sindarin name, so perhaps Sauron himself actually liked to be associated with darkness and used fl as his offical colour.
		This suggests that the Black Speech does not mark the distinction between definite and indefinite nouns (which is not in itself a defect, as this is also the case in major languages like Russian and Chinese).
	tolkien.cro.net /mearth/tolklang/orkish.html (2529 words)

	MySpace.com - SPEECH - Atlanta, Georgia - Soul / Hip Hop / Pop - www.myspace.com/speechmusic
		All of that is in stark contrast to Arrested Development’s lyricist, Speech.
		Speech saw the power of music and the reaction of the crowds and he knew that he wanted to use that power to share messages of hope, change and inspiration.
		Speech feeling that his own country had been left out, decided to again focus on the U.S. In April of 2006 Speech graced U.S. stages with a refreshing blend of himself on turntables and vocals, Rick Ward on guitar, and Mike Mullis on Mandolin.
	www.myspace.com /speechmusic (1577 words)

	Black Hawk's Surrender Speech, 1832
		We set up the war-whoop, and dug up the tomahawk; our knives were ready, and the heart of Black Hawk swelled high in his bosom when he led his warriors to battle.
		Black Hawk is a true Indian, and disdains to cry like a woman.
		His countrymen will not be scalped, but they will, in a few years, become like the white men, so that you can't trust them, and there must be, as in the white settlements, nearly as many officers as men, to take care of them and keep them in order.
	www.mtholyoke.edu /acad/intrel/black.htm (643 words)

	About Us
		Indeed, it was attuned to the movement of other Black professionals such as physicians, dentists, lawyers, psychologists, social workers, accountants, and educators who had established organizations that focused primarily upon interests and concerns of Black professionals and students-in-training.
		The mission of the National Black Association of Speech-Language and Hearing Association is to maintain a viable mechanism through which the needs of fl professionals, students and individuals with communication disorders can be met.
		The National Black Association for Speech-Language and Hearing is the premier professional and scientific association addressing the communication interests and concerns of fl communication science and disorders professionals, students and consumers.
	nbaslh.org /about_us.htm (492 words)

	Black Speech
		Lugrekh of the Red Hand Orcs (a LARP group) compiled this wordlist of Black Speech words taken from the LOS/Shadowlandian Dialect, the Horngoth Dialect and the MERP Dialect.
		True, in Turkish, the word "Nazgül" is a woman's name meaning "shy flower." However, whether Tolkien based Black Speech on Turkish or not remains unknown to the writers of Second Darkness.
		Lyrics in Black Speech and the corresponding translation to English can be found here.
	www.geocities.com /thequietwraith/blackspeech.html (312 words)

	Mordor TheLandofShadow.com™\| To Mordor we will take You!
		The Inscription on the Ring was in the ancient Black Speech, while the curses of the Mordor-orc in the Third Age was in the more debased form used by the soldiers of the Dark Tower.
		The Black Speech flourished at the time of the fall of Mordor and was used as the common tongue among the many tribes and clans of Uruks that populated the Plain of Gorgoroth; from Udûn to Cirith Ungol to Barad-dûr.
		It is said the The Black Uruks of Barad-dûr still thrive in the Ash Mountains amid the ruin of the Dark Tower and are like a Shadow of Fear in that part of the world.
	www.thelandofshadow.com /mordorgate/darkdownloads/blackspeech/speech1.htm (718 words)

	The Black Commentator - Cover Story: Dems Join GOP to Muzzle Black Speech
		Black critics are guilty of “gutter racism,” while powerful whites who patronize apartheid institutions are allies, benefactors, running mates.
		We have it in our power to devalue the 'alternative' Blacks in the eyes of their benefactors, who are paying for influence among African Americans, not infamy.
		Black readers from Maryland were quite happy with the picture and the controversy, because it was an accurate depiction of their feelings towards Lt. Gov.
	www.blackcommentator.com /157/157_cover_black_speech.html (2014 words)

	BLACK RIBBON CAMPAIGN (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Incidentally, the color fl has historically been attributed to anarchists, just as the color red is associated with Communists around the world.
		The Black Flag has been associated with anarchism longer than the Circle A. Learn more about the fl flag and its historical link to anarchism.
		Anarchists also made use of red in conjunction with fl in their banners in the late 1800s as a way of demonstrating their opposition to capitalism (represented by the red) and their opposition to government (represented by the fl).
	a4a.mahost.org /black.html (1369 words)

	This site is dedicated to Medicine Lodge and Barber County
		Although he was reported killed, Black Kettle was one of the survivors and his speech at the Little Arkansas indicated compliance with the white man’s wishes.
		While he participated in many skirmishes against many tribes of Indians, the speeches by Indians at this council in 1865 attest to the high regard the Arapahoes had for Major Fitzpatrick, and they transferred their respect to his widow.
		Black Kettle moved with many of his people to a location on the Washita River in Indian Territory (Oklahoma).
	www.cyberlodg.com /mlcity/blackkettle.html (1459 words)

	MCSD (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The National Black Association for Speech-Language and Hearing (NBASLH) is dedicated to achieving a national dialogue, awareness and understanding of the communication behaviors and problems of Black people; to develop a unified Black perspective of speech, language and hearing professionals with a common voice that will speak on issues of common concern.
		The committee was composed of a number of Black Speech-Language Pathologists and Audiologists from different parts of the country; the first meeting was held at Howard University in Washington, D.C. on January 26, 1978.
		Indeed, it was attuned to the movement of other Black professionals such as physicians, dentists, lawyers, psychologists, social workers, accountants and educators who had established an organization which focused primarily upon interests and concerns of Black professionals and students.
	utexas.edu /coc/csd/multicultural/network/resource/nbaslh/nbaslh1.htm (642 words)

	MotherJones Blog: The Internal Black Debate over Obama
		Loury argues that fl anger, as funneled through the fl prophetic tradition that runs from (at least) Frederick Douglass through MLK and onto Wright, is all that stands between America and kinder, gentler apartheid (I exaggerate, but see his post to get my drift).
		If Obama appeared to be marginalizing fl anger, it was because he had to distance himself from the tone of Wright's decontextualized remarks somehow and yet not lose the support of aggrieved (with cause) fl voters.
		Obama is not an angry fl man, quite the opposite, he is an eloquent, highly educated, intelligent, politician that is grabing an opportunity/siezing a moment that in truth may be as astonishing to him as the rest of us.
	www.motherjones.com /mojoblog/archives/2008/04/7861_glenn_loury_pos.html (4545 words)

	DEATH OF THE WILLIE LYNCH SPEECH
		While some have questioned and even dismissed this speech from the outset, it is fair to say that most African Americans who are aware of the speech have not questioned its authenticity, and assume it to be a legitimate and very crucial historical document which explains what has happened to African Americans.
		The Lynch speech was distributed in the Black community in 1993 and 1994, and in fact I came across it during this time period, but as an historian trained in Africana Studies and primary research I never took it serious.
		Also, many nineteenth century Black writers discussed the specific tactics of the white slaveowners and how they used Christianity to teach the enslaved Africans how to be docile and accept their slave status.
	manuampim.com /lynch_hoax1.html (3151 words)

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