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Topic: Black War

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	Black Hawk War - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-07-20)
		The Black Hawk War was a war fought in 1832 in the Midwestern section of the United States of America between American settlers and Native Americans.
		The war was named for Black Hawk, the leader of a band of Sauk and Fox Indians, and was the result of government annexation of lands in Illinois.
		Black Hawk did not sanction the sale of this land and was determined to regain the village; after a year of tension, he returned again in 1831, and Illinois Governor John Reynolds proclaimed it an "invasion of the state".
	www.orlandpark.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Black_Hawk_War (1122 words)

	Black Hawk War Getup @ HillCountryArts.com (Hill Country Arts) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-07-20)
		The war was named for Black Hawk, the leader of a band of Sauk and Fox Indians, who fought against the United States Army and Illinois militia for possession of lands in the area.
		While Black Hawk was away during the War of 1812, Keokuk had risen in prominence, and the two men became rivals.
		The white population of Illinois exploded after the War of 1812, exceeding 50,000 in 1820 and 150,000 in 1830.
	www.hillcountryarts.com /encyclopedia/Black_Hawk_War (1527 words)

	Black Hawk War articles on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-07-20)
		Black Hawk War BLACK HAWK WAR [Black Hawk War] conflict between the Sac and Fox and the United States in 1832.
		Indian wars INDIAN WARS [Indian wars] in American history, general term referring to the series of conflicts between Europeans and their descendants and the indigenous peoples of North America.
		He was a friend and adviser of Black Hawk and by prophesying victory was chiefly responsible for the continuance of the Black Hawk War.
	www.encyclopedia.com /articles/01536.html (519 words)

	Black Hawk War. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-07-20)
		A Native American leader, Black Hawk (1767–1838), who was born in the Sac village near the site of present Rock Island, Ill., and who had fought for the British in the War of 1812, denounced the treaty and resisted removal.
		The last battle of the war took place on the Bad Axe River, where Black Hawk was attacked by these troops and a Sioux war party.
		Black Hawk himself escaped, surrendered to the Winnebago, was turned over for imprisonment, and was released in 1833 to return to the pitiful remnant of his tribe and his family in Iowa.
	www.bartleby.com /65/bl/BlackHaw.html (347 words)

	Black Hawk War
		The famous Sauk leader, Black Hawk, and his thousand followers had been expelled from Illinois in 1831, but returned from Iowa carrying seeds for planting.
		Thereafter, Black Hawk and Indian supporters joined in warfare that provoked the mobilization of about seven thousand American soldiers, bringing the first regular army troops—and the first cholera epidemic—into the Upper Great Lakes.
		Black Hawk with his son and the Winnebago Prophet, surrendered at Prairie du Chien, Wisconsin, and were imprisoned until the summer of 1833.
	www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org /pages/141.html (194 words)

	History of The Balck Hawk War, Utah
		The Black Hawk Indian War was the longest and most destructive conflict between pioneer immigrants and Native Americans in Utah History.
		The young Ute by no means had the support of all of the Indians of Utah, but he succeeded in uniting factions of the Ute, Paiute, and Navajo tribes into a very loose confederacy bent on plundering Mormons throughout the territory.
		The Black Hawk War erupted as a result of the pressures white expansion brought to Native American populations.
	www.onlineutah.com /blackhawkhistory.shtml (609 words)

	Black War: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-07-20)
		The Black War refers to a period of conflict between the British Britain quick summary:
		The fl line is a notorious incident that occurred in 1830 on tasmania, or van diemens land as it was then known....
		The fl arm band theory of history is a claim made by right-wing australian politicians and intellectuals that australian history is told as a story of...
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/b/bl/black_war.htm (1002 words)

	BLACK HAWK WAR HISTORY OF INDIAN DEPREDATIONS IN UTAH
		Black Hawk and Tabiona had became friends of Peter's as he was invited to their camps on numerous occasions.
		The Black Hawk War was a quagmire of moral ambiguities, stratagem, and hypocritical respect.
		Learn more about the Black Hawk war and of Black Hawk the person, through Peter Gottfredson's collection of first hand accounts, and many other authors who's perspectives I share with you in the spirit of greater understanding of the agony that our Native brothers have endured in the state of Utah.
	www.blackhawkwarutah.com (2100 words)

	The Race War of Black Against White
		No matter how the crime figures are massaged by those who want to acknowledge or dispute the existence of a Dirty War, there is nothing ambiguous about what the official statistics portray: for the past 30 years a large segment of fl America has waged a war of violent retribution against white America.
		Young fls (under 18) are more violent than previous generations and are 12 times more likely to be arrested for murder than young whites.
		These breathtaking disparities began to emerge in the mid-1960’s, when there was a sharp increase in fl crime against whites, an upsurge which, not coincidentally, corresponds exactly with the beginning of the modern civil rights movement.
	www.davidduke.com /library/race/racewar-sheehan.html (665 words)

	BLACK WAR: THE DESTRUCTION OF THE TASMANIAN ABORIGINES
		BLACK WAR: THE DESTRUCTION OF THE TASMANIAN ABORIGINES
		The Black aborigines of Tasmania were marked by tightly curled hair with skin complexions ranging from fl to reddish-brown.
		The tragedy of the Black aborigines of Tasmania, however painful its recounting may be, is a story that must be told.
	www.cwo.com /~lucumi/tasmania.html (2447 words)

	CNN - Monument honors black Civil War soldiers - July 18, 1998
		It is one of the few monuments in the nation marking fl military achievements.
		Black veterans were not allowed to march in the Union's victory parade in Washington.
		Etchings of the names of the 208,943 fl soldiers and sailors and their white commanders -- part of architect Ed Hamilton's design -- are not expected to be completed until Veteran's Day.
	www.cnn.com /US/9807/18/black.civil.war.mem (613 words)

	Black Camisards - African-American Civil War Art and Books
		Lewis Douglass was the elder son of the famous Frederick Douglass and served as the Sergeant Major of the 54th Massachuetts Volunteer Infantry regiment during the Civil War.
		Sergeant William H. Carney served in the 54th Mass Infantry, one of the first Black regiments raised in a northern state during the Civil War, and is the first soldier of African descent to earn the Congressional Medal of Honor in the American Armed Forces.
		A diary compiled by the commanding officer of the first Union regiment organized in the south during the Civil War, and with the exception of the officers, consisted entirely of freed slaves from South Carolina, Georgia and Florida.
	www.blackcamisards.com (703 words)

	Pariticipation in America's Wars and Black Americans
		As a result of this and the recognition that Black soldiers were needed as part of the military in a country which was often at war, in 1948 Truman ordered full integration of the military.
		Although during previous wars this acceptance and increased recruitment may have been welcomed, in Vietnam it was not as the belief that military involvement and a willingness to fight for one's country would result in full citizenship had disintegrated.
		The Black Panther Party stated in its ten point plan that it wanted them to be exempt from military service, while other organisations, if not so explicit in their aims, were sympathetic to, and supportive of, draft resistance.
	www.americansc.org.uk /Online/Woodland.htm (2427 words)

	Black Hawk War (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-07-20)
		The Black Hawk War began soon after the Sauk Indians, led by Black Hawk, faring poorly in Iowa where the government had moved them, recrossed the Mississippi River and moved back to their former cornfields to plant a new crop.
		Sauk followers of Black Hawk were massacred at the mouth of the Bad Axe River in Wisconsin by Illinois militia led by General Henry Atkinson.
		Black Hawk, deserted by his Winnebago allies, surrendered, thus ending the Black Hawk War.
	www.usahistory.com /wars/blackhaw.htm (112 words)

	Feminista! v3n1 - Women in Black against War in Yugoslavia
		At the beginning of World War II she lived in Zagreb and was forced to leave because she was Serb.
		We wear fl for the death of all the victims of war.
		Women in Black saw that Serbian nationalism was a motivating force behind the wars and named the Serbian government as the aggressor.
	www.feminista.com /archives/v3n1/hughes.html (1582 words)

	Black Hawk War of 1832 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-07-20)
		An Account of the Indian Chief Black Hawk and his Tribes, the Sac and Fox Indians, with affecting narrative of a Lady who was taken Prisoner by the Indians.
		Buckner, E. "A Brief History of the War with the Sac and Fox Indians in Illinois and Michigan in 1832," Michigan Pioneer 12 (1887): 424-36.
		Wakefield, John A. History of the War between the United States and the Sac and Fox Nations of Indians and Parts of Other Disaffected Tribes of Indians, in the Years Eighteen Hundred and Twenty-Seven, Thirty-One, and Thirty-Two.
	lincoln.lib.niu.edu /blackhawk/bibliography.html (2447 words)

	African American Freedom Fighters: Soldiers for Liberty
		Black soldiers in the Mexican American War comprised a list of freedmen who felt they were mainly showing loyalty to their country by fighting for LIBERTY.
		During the American Civil War, Douglass was a forceful leader and "urged Lincoln to free the slaves and arm all Negro men." Douglass' own two sons were among the first to serve the Union forces in the Civil War.
		When World War I erupted, the Black soldier had learned to see his opportunity in the military as a means of expressing his patriotism and bravery for the country in which he so totally sought inclusion.
	www.liu.edu /cwis/cwp/library/aaffsfl.htm (10716 words)

	CNN - Long-ignored black civil war soldiers honored with parade - Sept. 9, 1996
		WASHINGTON (CNN)--When the Civil War ended in 1865 and the victorious Northern troops marched down Pennsylvania Avenue, the Union's 178,000 African-American soldiers, who fought to help keep the country united and destroy slavery, were not allowed to march.
		Sunday, more than 100 years after the Civil War, the "U.S. colored troops" were represented by fl Civil War reenactors who righted a historical wrong by marching in the original parade route.
		The parade was organized by Frank Smith, city councilman and Civil War project chairman.
	www.cnn.com /US/9609/09/civil.war.parade (382 words)

	William M. King--Syllabus, "Black America and the War in Vietnam"
		The Vietnam conflict (for it was not a war in the official declarative sense) was also the first time since before the U.S. Civil War, 1861-1865, that fl and white had shared the same foxholes, cheek by jowl, and become dependent on each other for survival.
		As the war got closer to home and the draft calls began to rise, protest intensified, not unlike a similar situation in about 1780, the fourth year of the war of 1776.
		Coeval with the rise of the war as an item of social interest, there was the fall of the Civil Rights Movement, which had reached its peak with the Mississippi Freedom Summer Project of 1964 as a way of life for many of its participants.
	spot.colorado.edu /~kingwm/SyllBlackAmerica.html (2574 words)

	The Civil War: Black American Contributions to Union Intelligence (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-07-20)
		Because both sides were poorly prepared for the war, notwithstanding the many years of political buildup to the actual fighting, there apparently were few intelligence agents who had been specifically placed in the enemy's institutions.
		Harriet Tubman, another fl woman involved in intelligence collection for the Union, is much more famous for her activities with the underground railroad.
		With the advent of the fighting, she spent the early years of the war assisting with the care and feeding of the massive numbers of slaves who had fled to Union-controlled areas.
	www.cia.gov /csi/books/dispatches/dispatch.html (3724 words)

	Utah’s Black Hawk War
		From 1865 to 1867, the warrior Black Hawk, also known as Antonga, led a combined force of Utes, Navajos, and Paiutes in a series of intense stock raids on the Mormon settlements in Utah territory.
		Black hawk astutely judged that political conflict between the federal government and Mormon Utah would keep U.S. soldiers from chastising his band.
		Yet Black Hawk and others were able to carry on their activities for almost eight years without incurring the federal military reprisals that Indians on all four sides of the Mormon heartland experienced.
	www.uofupress.com /store/product241.html (506 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Black War
		The Black War refers to a period of conflict between the British colonists and Aborigines in Van Diemen's Land (now Tasmania) in the early years of the 1800s.
		The conflict has gained a notorious reputation as a genocide resulting in the almost complete obliteration of the Aboriginal population, though there are presently many thousands of individuals with degrees of Aboriginal background.
		The conflict is generally seen to have ended in the 1830s, after the unsuccessful Black Line and the subsequent relocation of Aborigines to Flinders Island.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Black_War (325 words)

	Black Hawk War of 1832
		By James Lewis, Ph.D. In May of 1832 Sac and Fox Indians under the leadership of Black Hawk left the Iowa territory and returned to their homes across the Mississippi River in northern Illinois.
		Both the militia and regular army troops proved unable to locate the elusive Indians at first, but by July they had begun to pursue Black Hawk's band across northern Illinois and southwestern Wisconsin, engaging them in a major conflict at Wisconsin Heights before finally routing the Indians at Bad Axe on the Mississippi River.
		It is a part of the larger Abraham Lincoln Historical Digitization Project and its attempts to use the events of Lincoln's life as a lens through which to interpret and understand broader themes of antebellum American history.
	lincoln.lib.niu.edu /blackhawk (218 words)

	Amazon.com: Black Hawk Down: A Story of Modern War: Books: Mark Bowden (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-07-20)
		His detailed account of the Battle of the Black Sea (Mogadishu: 3-4 October 1993) is destined to occupy the bookshelves of every military professional or would-be warrior.
		Black Hawk Down recounts the famously bloody battle in Mogadishu where 18 US Army Rangers, Delta Force "operators" and aviators were killed by an angry mob of Somali "fighters" who were upset because their clan hadn't been chosen by the US and the UN to run the country.
		The army decided to launch a lightning strike to capture a couple of key men in that faction, and the resulting firefight was one of the most prolonged and violent in recent American history.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0871137380?v=glance (2206 words)

	lllinois Black Hawk War Veterans Database
		Abbreviations used in the Illinois Black Hawk War Veterans database.
		This database of Black Hawk War Veterans indexes the first volume of Ellen M. Whitney's The Black Hawk War 1831-1832.
		Since the Archives record series, Black Hawk War Records (RS 301.007) has been found to be grossly inaccurate, the Archives provides copies of the soldier's entry in Whitney's book.
	www.cyberdriveillinois.com /departments/archives/blkhawk.html (354 words)

	Native Americans (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-07-20)
		Black Hawk, a Sauk chief, lent his name to the frontier war that gave Abraham Lincoln his one experience in soldiering.
		Hostile to American fur traders who manned the trading posts at St. Louis when the United States took over that area in 1804, he refused to recognize the Treaty of St. Louis, in which Sauk and Fox tribes relinquished their claim to all lands east of the Mississippi.
		During the War of 1812, Black Hawk (whose Indian name was Makataimeshekiakiak) fought for the British under the leadership of the famous Tecumseh.
	www.npg.si.edu /col/native/blkhwk.htm (227 words)

	AFRICAN-AMERICANS IN MILITARY HISTORY/World War II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-07-20)
		It was also one of the few fl armored units in the segregated Army.
		When the all-fl 555th Parachute Infantry Company arrived at Fort Benning, GA, for airborne training in December 1943, it marked a significant milestone for fl Americans in the combat arms.
		Black soldiers of the 369th Infantry Regiment in WWI and WWII.
	www.au.af.mil /au/aul/bibs/afhist/afwwii.htm (1391 words)

	Black Hawk War
		Black Hawk War, conflict between the Sac and Fox and the United States in 1832.
		Indian wars: Relocation across the Mississippi - Relocation across the Mississippi After 1815 a policy of removing the indigenous population to...
		The new war movies as moral rearmament: Black Hawk Down & We Were Soldiers.
	www.infoplease.com /id/A0807772 (494 words)

	Red Animal War - Black Phantom Crusades (DER-419) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-07-20)
		"Black Phantom Crusades finds Red Animal War focusing a discerning eye on politics, religion, class struggle and personal relationships, fighting the lure of what prevails in our society to form their own interpretations, arriving at a sort of saccharine-free, yet hope-filled ideology.
		Black Phantom Crusades is fresh and very original, with great use of everything from a saxophone to a piano, not to mention the thought provoking lyrics that don't pretend to paint a pretty picture of the state of the world today.
		Black Phantom Crusades has catchy rhythms filled with amazing guitar and bass riffs, drums and most of all, Justin Wilson's vocals.
	www.deepelm.com /sum/419_sum.html (3354 words)

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