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	Blackcurrant - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In UK bars, the flcurrant cordial is referred to simply as "fl", as in "vodka and fl", "snakebite and fl", "Pernod and fl", or "fl and lemonade".
		Blackcurrants are rare in the United States owing to the fact that in the early 1900's, currant farming was banned due to its ability to spread disease among white pines which threatened the then-booming lumber industry.
		Currant growing is now making a comeback in the United States, however the fruit is not well-known and so has not reached the popularity that it has seen in Europe.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Black_currant (506 words)

	News-Star OnlineBringing back black currant fruits 07/09/03
		Black currant fruits are "of a stinking and somewhat loathing savour, the leaves also are not without the stinking smell," wrote herbalist John Gerard in his famous "Herball" more than 350 years ago.
		Black currants are extremely high in vitamin C, and even before vitamins were known, the fruits were valued for their soothing effect on sore throats.
		Black currant is a handsome bush, with lush, forest-green leaves that unfurl very early in the season and hang onto the upright stems well into autumn.
	www.news-star.com /stories/070903/goo_29.shtml (489 words)

	CURRANTS Fruit Facts
		Black currant leaves are pale green, while those of the red currant are deep blue-green.
		Currants are unsurpassed for jelly, but are also good in pies and sauces, especially when mixed with fruits that have body but lack sprightliness.
		Black currants are the traditional source of the French liqueur, Cassis.
	www.crfg.org /pubs/ff/currants.html (1983 words)

	[No title]
		Black currants - any currants, for that matter - are unrelated to the small raisins sold commercially as "dried currants" or "fl currants." These raisins are called "currants" because they are made from 'Black Corinth' grapes, a small grape that has been dried and shipped for centuries from the Greek port of that name.
		European fl currant is an alternate host for white pine blister rust, so the plant was banned by federal law over much of the country in the 1920s to preserve the white pines.
		Currants leaf out very early in the spring, so they should be planted either in the fall (with a mulch to prevent heaving during the winter) or very early in the spring.
	www.island.wsu.edu /crops/EUROPEAN.htm (1293 words)

	botanical.com - A Modern Herbal \| Currant, Black - Herb Profile and Information
		---Description---The Black Currant is occasionally found wild in damp woods as far north as the middle of Scotland, but is considered to be a true native only in Yorkshire and the Lake District - when found apparently wild in other parts of the country, its presence is due to the agency of birds.
		Black Currant Jelly is deservedly prized for its usefulness in colds and is both laxative and cooling.
		Black Currant Cheese---is delicious and is made by putting equal parts of stalked currants and loaf sugar into a pan; place over low heat and stir until the sugar has dissolved, then bring slowly to the boil, stirring all the time.
	www.botanical.com /botanical/mgmh/c/curbl131.html#rec (615 words)

	Welcome to Doctor's A-Z (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Black currant (also known as quinsy berry) is a deciduous bush native to northern regions of Europe and Asia.
		Although roughly 47 percent of fl currant seed oil consists of the omega-6 essential fatty acid linoleic acid, its 17 to 19 percent gamma linolenic acid (GLA) portion is believed to be the oil's most active component.
		Black currant seed oil has no known toxicity, and as much as 6 grams per day have been used in human trials with no serious adverse effects.
	www.drsa-z.com /DAZ_Encyc/Black_Currant_Seed_Oil.html (460 words)

	Black currant (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		The fl currant gall mite (Cecidophyopsis ribis) deforms the buds.
		The leaves are eaten by larvae of the fl currant sawfly Nematus olfasciens (Hym., Tenthredinidae), of Pristiphora pallipes (Lepeletier) (same family), and the magpie moth, Abraxas grossulariata (L.) (Lep., Geometridae).
		The permanent currant aphid (Aphis schneideri), the fl currant aphid, Cryptomyzus galeopsidis (Kaltenbach) (Hom., Aphididae), and the rose tortrix moth (Archips rosana) deform the leaves.
	www.inra.fr /Internet/Produits/HYPPZ/CULTURES/6c---043.htm (341 words)

	Black currant (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Black currant, Ribes nigrum, is an important berry crop in northern Sweden, especially in the province of Norrbotten.
		Black currant is here indigenous and show a great genetic variation, including resistance to some pests and diseases that has been utilised in plant breeding programs.
		Black currant is attacked by a range of pests and diseases, most of them specialists on plants in the genus Ribes.
	www.njv.slu.se /eng/section/plantp/Blackcurrant.htm (273 words)

	Currant Report
		Currant jellies, jams, and sauces are excellent, and can also be used for savory applications, such as dressings and sauces for game or patés.
		Currant juices produce 75% (red currants) to 450% (fl currants) of the RDA for vitamin C. Black currant juice has been incorporated in a number of commercially marketed juice blends.
		Perhaps fl currants are slow to catch on because of their astringent taste when eaten raw, and people are unaware of their culinary potential.
	mtvernon.wsu.edu /frt_hort/currants01.htm (1181 words)

	Gale Encyclopedia of Alternative Medicine: Black currant seed oil
		The fl currant, or Ribes nigrum, is a deciduous shrub of the Saxifragaceae family.
		Black currant seed oil is rich in essential fatty acids, which promote and maintain the body's vital functions.
		Black currant seed oil is beneficial to patients with cardiovascular problems, as prostaglandins counteract the constriction of blood vessels.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_g2603/is_0002/ai_2603000208 (679 words)

	Chestnut, European; Spanish C. (Castanea sativa) - Currant, European Black (Ribes nigrum) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Many Authorities suggest pruning fl currants to within a few inches of the ground when first planted, to divert energy during their first year from cropping to establishing a strong root system.
		The European currant is the mildest of the fl currants.
		Currants resemble and take their name from the Corinthian grapes that are dried to make currant raisins.
	www.efn.org /~bsharvy/edible3.html (3041 words)

	Weeks Berry Nursery
		Black currants are a very high source of vitamin C. Excellent bird forage or windbreak plants.
		Clusters of large fl currants with sweet tart flavor that is excellent for jams, juice, and syrup.
		A cross between a fl currant and a gooseberry.
	www.weeksberry.com /CURR.HTML (338 words)

	Chapter 7: Small Fruits and Brambles
		The currant is a stout, woody, usually spineless deciduous shrub, 4 to 7 feet tall unless trimmed to a lower height for ease of fruit harvest.
		Cultivated red currants are set about 5 feet apart in the row; fl currants, 6 to 7 feet apart, with the rows 8 to 10 feet apart (Strong 1944).
		Hughes (1966) showed a significant increase in fl currant production from the presence of bees, and Zakharov (1960a) concluded that the heavy fruit drop 7 to 10 days after the end of blooming is because of a lack of adequate pollination by honey bees.
	gears.tucson.ars.ag.gov /book/chap7/currant.html (1299 words)

	Au Currant
		The fl currant, once a very popular and readily harvested fruit in the New York region, was banned in the early 1900s because it was found to help facilitate the spread of white pine blister rust, which threatened the booming timber industry.
		Black currants, a virtually unknown fruit to most Americans (but extremely popular in Europe), may be just what the doctor ordered.
		The fl currant has a much higher source of antioxidants than the blueberry and has three times the amount of vitamin C found in oranges.
	www.currants.com (415 words)

	Black Currant
		Black currant was used in the past in Europe the leaves were used as a diuretic,and as a gargle for sore throat.
		Black currant seed oil is a rich source of essential fatty acids.
		Black Currant Oil is also a rich source of gamma linolenic acid, GLA, along with other important polyunsatura-ted fatty acids.
	www.houseofnutrition.com /blackcurrant.html (363 words)

	Black Currant Recipes from Prairieland Community Supported Agriculture (PCSA)
		Black currants are not the same as the tiny Corinth grapes of which English scones are often made.
		Black currant sauces also are good with grilled foods..
		Black currant's flavor is complemented by cinnamon, clove, and nutmeg, as well as chiles.
	www.prairienet.org /pcsa/recipes/currants.htm (438 words)

	Edible Articles: Ribes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Currants and gooseberries (Ribes) carry a disease that is fatal to the white pine, an important commercial tree.
		All of a sudden, one of the fl currants ("Coronet"), a two-year old plant that previously had flourished, is dying.
		Black currant has the same largish seeds, but there the taste more than makes up for all the seeds you have to dig out of your teeth afterwards.
	www.efn.org /~bsharvy/edibleArticles/Ribes.html (1698 words)

	Black Currant Syrup by Torani
		While some currants resemble raisins, fl currants are true berries, related to the gooseberry.
		Black currants are popularly used to make cassis, a fl currant liqueur.
		Intense currant flavor and a distinctive berry fragrance.
	www.flavoredsyrups.net /torani-Black-Currant.htm (52 words)

	Black Currant Seed Oil™
		Black Currant Seed Oil is the cold processed concentrate of the oil of the fl currant seed.
		Nineteen percent of fl currant seed oil is made up of gamma linolenic acid (GLA), making it one of the best known and most popular sources for this type of fatty acid.
		Black currant seed oil provides a rich and consistent source of GLA, which the body metabolizes to the beneficial prostaglandin PGE 1.
	www.becomehealthynow.com /supps/black_currant.shtml (875 words)

	1dietstore.com - Black Currant Oil
		In addition to GLA, fl currant oil provides two essential fatty acids, linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid, and the unique stearidonic acid.
		Black Currant Oil [Immune] is a rich source of gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) along with other important polyunsaturated fatty acids.
		Each fl currant oil capsule contains 16–18 percent GLA (more than evening primrose oil), provides two essential fatty acids—linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid—and the unique stearidonic acid.
	www.1dietstore.com /blackcurrant.htm (202 words)

	Black Currant Oil (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Black Currant Oil (Immune) is arich source of gamma linolenic acid, GLA, along with other important polyunsatura-ted fatty acids.
		Before the discovery of fl currant oil, the only other known sources of GLA were mother’s milk and evening primrose oil.
		Each fl currant oil capsule contains 16-18 percent GLA (more than evening primrose oil), provides two essential fatty acids -- linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid -- and the unique stearidonic acid.
	1001herbs.com /blackcurrant-oil (246 words)

	EEK! - The Black Currant
		The fl currant is a shrub with maple-like leaves with toothed edges.
		Black currants are very nutritious and people love to make jellies and preserves from the berries.
		If you’d like to try fl currants, be sure to have an adult to help you identify it.
	www.dnr.state.wi.us /org/caer/ce/eek/veg/plants/currant.htm (139 words)

	Black Currant Flavoured Black
		Black Currant is not to be dismissed as a 'gimmicky tea'.
		A blend of China and Ceylon fls flavored with the sweet, fruity fl and red currants.
		Black Currant is best when brewed with spring water at a temperature of 210° for 3 to 5 minutes.
	www.nottinghall.com /blackcurrant.htm (146 words)

	ARS \| Publication request: Differential Infestation of Currant Borer in Ribes Cultivars
		In highly infested fl currant cultivars, such as 'Ojebyn', 'Lissil', and 'Tough Champion', 2 or 3 larvae were observed within one cane.
		Technical Abstract: The currant borer (Synanthedon tipuliformis Clerck), a clearwing moth, is a pest of fl, red, and white currants (Ribes L.) throughout the world.
		In highly infested fl currant cultivars, such as R. nigrum L. 'Ojebyn', 'Lissil', and 'Tough Champion', 2 or 3 larvae were observed within one cane.
	www.ars.usda.gov /research/publications/publications.htm?SEQ_NO_115=149923&pf=1 (550 words)

	ARS \| Publication request: Genetic Resistance to Currant Borer in Ribes Cultivars
		Interpretive Summary: The currant borer clearwing moth is a pest of cultivated fl, red, and white currants throughout the world.
		Technical Abstract: The larvae of the currant borer (Synanthedon tipuliformis Clerck), a clearwing moth, are pests of cultivated fl, red, and white currants (Ribes L.) throughout the world.
		In highly infested fl currant cultivars, such as R. nigrum L. 'Silvergeters Zwarte,' 'Lissil', and 'Ojebyn', 2 or 3 larvae were frequently observed within one cane.
	www.ars.usda.gov /research/publications/publications.htm?SEQ_NO_115=151244&pf=1 (602 words)

	Black Currant Seed Oil
		Black Currant Oil is contained in a hermetically-sealed soft gelatin capsule.
		Because both omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids are essential in human nutrition and omega-3 fatty acids are often lacking in the diet, fl currant seed oil is the most economical and healthy choice as a GLA supplement.
		Black Currant Oil does not contain wheat, rye, oats, corn, barley, gluten, soy, egg, dairy, yeast, sugar, chlorides, wax, preservatives, colorings, or artificial flavorings.
	www.integratedhealth.com /hpdspec/black.html (272 words)

	Welcome to MYNSP.com
		Fatty acids are involved in many bodily functions, such as maintaining body temperature, insulating nerves, cushioning and protecting tissues and creating energy.
		These essential fatty acids are precursors of prostaglandins, which must be present for functions involved with blood vessels, maintaining arterial pressure already within the normal range, metabolizing dietary cholesterol, activating T-lymphocytes, protecting against platelet aggregation and other functions.
		Each fl currant oil capsule provides 40–45 mg GLA per serving, that’s 16–18 percent GLA (more than evening primrose oil), provides two essential fatty acids—linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid—and the unique stearidonic acid.
	www.mynsp.com /web/herbsplus/products.jsp?stocknum=18109 (148 words)

	Black Currant Confers Immunity
		Black currant seed oil stimulates immune function in older people, according to a new study by Dayong Wu, Ph.D., of Tufts University in Boston.
		Subjects who took fl currant seed oil showed a 28 percent greater skin response after two months.
		Black currant seed oil is one of the richest sources of gamma linolenic acid, which stimulates production of beneficial prostaglandins such as PGE-1.
	www.newhope.com /nutritionsciencenews/NSN_backs/Feb_00/natnews_2.cfm?path=ex (258 words)

	Bristly Black Currant (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		The fruits are fl and usually bristly-glandular in texture.
		Bristly fl currant is a host for white pine blister rust.
		Prickly currant may be found in moist woods and stream banks, and also on drier woodland slopes or subalpine ridges.
	ghs.gresham.k12.or.us /science/ps/nature/denali/flora/5/goose/prickcur.htm (257 words)

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