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	AllRefer.com - black fly (Zoology: Invertebrates) - Encyclopedia
		Livestock and other large mammals may be bitten to death by swarms of fl flies; the fl fly problem of some subarctic regions is so severe as to make human settlement impossible.
		The eggs of fl flies are commonly laid in masses on wet rocks, logs, and plants; the larvae live in fast flowing water, clinging to rocks by means of anal sucking disks and straining out organic matter by fanlike head organs.
		Black flies are classified in the phylum Arthropoda, class Insecta, order Diptera, family Simuliidae.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/B/blackfly.html (304 words)

	Black fly - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A fl fly (sometimes called a buffalo gnat or turkey gnat) is any member of the family Simuliidae of the Culicomorpha infraorder.
		In the wetter parts of the northern latitudes of North America, including parts of Canada, New England and the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, fl fly populations swell from Mid-May to July, becoming a nuisance to humans engaging in common outdoor activitites such as boating, camping and backpacking.
		In Canada, fl flies are a scourge to livestock, causing weight loss in cattle and in some cases, death.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Black_fly (245 words)

	Black Flies, HYG-2167-97
		It is suspected that the expansion of fl fly populations in Ohio is likened to improvement in stream and river water quality in recent years.
		Black flies often occur in enormous numbers in the spring and early summer months, especially in the northern latitudes.
		Black flies are attracted to mammals by the carbon dioxide and moisture in exhaled breath, dark colors, convection currents, perspiration, perfumes, toiletries, etc.
	ohioline.osu.edu /hyg-fact/2000/2167.html (1481 words)

	BLACKFLIES
		Black flies are important vectors of various pathogens the most important of which is the filarial worm Onchocera volvulus which causes river blindness in humans.
		The fly is able to break the surface tension of the water due to its gas bubble and fly away immediately.
		Black flies enter through the hole and are trapped in a small cage covered in a fine mesh.
	www.roberth.u-net.com /blackflies.htm (4579 words)

	black flies, Simulium spp.
		Adult fl flies are small insects that measure 1 to 5 mm in length, and possess a shiny thorax (middle of the fly) that ranges in color from fl to various shades of gray or yellow.
		Black flies are daytime biters preferring low wind conditions.
		Black fly bites are very painful because of the hole that is cut in the skin, the anticoagulants and other materials that are injected, and the immunological differences between insect and hosts’ tissues.
	creatures.ifas.ufl.edu /livestock/bfly.htm (1550 words)

	BLACK FLY SUPPRESSION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Black fly larvae can be found in practically any stream and river in Pennsylvania with the exception of waters polluted by acid mine drainage.
		Black fly larvae that are serious pests of humans during the summer recreational season usually are found in the larger, warmer streams and rivers of the Commonwealth.
		The goal of the Black Fly Suppression Program is to reduce the adult populations to tolerable pest levels during the summer recreational season.
	www.dep.state.pa.us /dep/deputate/watermgt/WSM/Facts/fs1838.htm (1002 words)

	Flying Insects: Dealing with those flying critters on your Adirondack vacation.
		In the Adirondacks, fl flies are on the wing in early May (coincident with the bursting of buds of forest trees, especially sugar maple), before mosquitoes appear in numbers.
		Black fly larvae of various species may be found in every type of flowing water, from minute seepages in which the flow is scarcely detectable, to the largest rivers and waterfalls.
		All fl fly pupae have a pair of filamentous gill-like organs, arising behind the head, for gas exchange; the number and shape of these organs is of diagnostic value in identifying the species.
	www.4peaks.com /fklycrit.htm (6257 words)

	Fly Control In Confined Livestock And Poultry Production - Novartis Animal Health Inc
		Athough soldier fly larvae and house fly larvae can be found coexisting, there are situations in which the soldier fly larvae cause a drastic reduction in the numbers of house fly larvae.
		Although they provide the benefit of discouraging house fly development, soldier fly larvae cause the poultry manure to be so liquified that it becomes difficult to remove and may flow onto walkways or undermine the foundations of the poultry house.
		Flies may be small but they are capable of causing untold damage, especially to animals such as cattle, swine and poultry which are traditionally farmed in intensive numbers.
	www.flycontrol.novartis.com /species/soldierfly/en/index.shtml (394 words)

	Black Soldier Fly (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Primarily fl, the female's abdomen is reddish at the apex and has two translucent spots on the second abdominal segment.
		Larva - The fl soldier fly larva is plump, slightly flattened, with a tiny, yellowish to fl head.
		Black soldier fly larvae are preyed upon by sphecid wasps, histerid beetles, and many species of birds and are parasitized by small wasps.
	ipm.ncsu.edu /AG369/notes/black_soldier_fly.html (465 words)

	The Black Dump Fly: A larval predator of house flies
		The fl dump fly (Figure 1) is a shiny, fl fly similar in size and appearance to the house fly.
		Although the fl dump fly is referred to as a biological control agent for house flies, it is the larvae (or maggots) that are actually the predators.
		Black dump flies moved to Europe, probably by commerce, in the mid-1970s, and were used to control house flies in swine houses, particularly in the former German Democratic Republic.
	edis.ifas.ufl.edu /PS021 (1367 words)

	Eliminating Black Fly Feeding on Nestling Bluebirds (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Black flies can be observed hovering around the nest box from the second week in June through the fl fly season, to approximately the fourth week in July.
		I suspect that fl flies also feed on adult bluebirds because Turkey Gnats are trapped in Tanglefoot applied to vent holes of houses that have the hen bluebird incubating eggs.
		At the vented house at 12 Tee, on June 20 fl flies were active and one dead nestling was examined and disposed.
	www.braw.org /blackfly2.htm (1925 words)

	BLACK FLIES OR BUFFALO GNATS (FAMILY SIMULIIDAE)
		Black flies attack man and a wide variety of domestic and wild animals and birds; others feed only on cold-blooded animals.
		This disease, caused by a protozoan, is fatal to turkeys.
		Black fly control is difficult due to the extent and number of variable larval breeding sources.
	entowww.tamu.edu /extension/bulletins/uc/uc-019.html (781 words)

	ePestSupply.com - How to kill flies
		Black Fly, any of a number of species of small humpbacked flies, the females of which are bloodsucking.
		Also unlike mosquitoes, fl flies seldom attack indoors or even in a vehicle; once they sense being trapped their attention seems permanently diverted to escape and they spend the rest of their lives crawling up the screen or window pane.
		In the house, drain flies lay their eggs in the gelatinous material which accumulates on the sides of drains and overflow pipes, and the larvae feed on the decaying organic matter and microscopic plants and animals that occur there.
	www.epestsupply.com /fly_control.htm (3071 words)

	Black Fly Fact Sheet
		In some cases, fl flies may not bite but are extremely annoying as they swarm about the head or body.
		Simulium venustum, the so-called "white-stockinged" fl fly emerges in early to mid-May in southern New Hampshire and remains a pest until late May. In the north, it emerges in late May to early June and can remain abundant until the end of June in some areas and even into July in higher mountain localities.
		Fogging to control fl flies in the adult stage may provide a brief period of relief, but because adults are strong fliers, relief usually is only temporary.
	www.ultimate.com /washington/wla/blackfly (947 words)

	Vaughn Cochran Art.com - Black Fly Products (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The Black Fly is now available embroidered and embossed on Ocean Rider's handcrafted sandals and belts.
		Black Fly sandals and belts are handmade one item at a time.
		The Black Fly Edition reel is 100% made in the USA and fully machined out of the same T6061 aluminum bar stock found in reels three times the price.
	www.vaughncochranart.com /blackfly.html (215 words)

	Maine Nature News - Some questions and answers about black flies in Maine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Black flies, though they are prevalent in other states too, seem to have become part of the state folklore: those "real Maine things" like the moose, the fl bear, waterfalls and wild blueberries.
		Black flies can travel several miles from their breeding site, so those environmental rules cannot be counted on completely, as a means to avoid them.
		Black fly appearance is characterized by a succession of flourishings of as many as 20 or 30 species in a locality, each with their own breeding time and cycle (some twice a season) complicating the management of any attempted control measures.
	www.mainenature.org /blackfly/blackflyinfo.html (3698 words)

	Black Fly Induced Nest Mortality—Prevention Possibilities (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Black flies in Sparta point to the importance of monitoring for the fly.
		After the flies arrive, duct tape vent holes of one half of houses (the other half unprotected as controls) to create the fl fly’s sense it is inside to prevent it from taking a blood meal.
		The fl fly is susceptible to sticky trap and insecticide because it lands on the outside of the nest box and walks to entrance/vent holes.
	www.braw.org /blackfly.htm (1644 words)

	Log Cabin Chronicles Beth Girdler's Black Fly Column
		Black fly eggs and larva are very susceptible to damage by pollution.
		The flies are attracted to dark colors so blue, purple, fl, and brown are not good fashion choices this month.
		Black flies are attracted to the carbon dioxide we breath out, so try to stay calm -- hyperventilation doesn't help.
	www.tomifobia.com /black_flies.html (710 words)

	"Ole's Hakai Pass Black Bomber Fly Fishing"
		Coho salmon are common, as are pink and chum salmon as they daily travel this wide open pass heading for their natal streams to spawn.
		We often found small 'Black Bombers' in the shallow zone, obviously a nursery area which held these smaller fish until they had the strength and skills to withstand the strong currents near the drop-off.
		We used weighted flies and one in particular, which I had created the previous year, we dubbed, Ole' Hakai Thorn, because it was so successful (see: "West Coast Coho on the Fly with Ole's Hakai Thorn").
	www.bcadventure.com /adventure/angling/protalk/thornton/oles/ole.phtml (1253 words)

	The Backyard Bug Brigade - BITING FLIES (Mosquito & Black Fly) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Biting flies are most active at sunset and sunrise, when winds are low, temperatures are warm and humidity is high.
		Black flies are 1/8 to 1/5 of an inch (2-5 mm) long.
		Bites from biting flies cause irritation and discomfort, and are a threat for the spread of certain diseases.
	www.atl.ec.gc.ca /epb/factsheets/bkyard_bug/biting_flies.html (855 words)

	Black Flies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Black flies are small, dark flies with a humped back that can give a painful bite.
		Black flies are feared in many regions because of the relentless and intolerable nature of their attacks, not only on man, but on livestock, poultry, and wildlife.
		In other countries, fl flies are also carriers of the filarial disease Onchocerciasis, commonly referred to as River Blindness.
	www.lawestvector.org /black_flies.htm (429 words)

	Black Fly Season!! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Black flies swarm over the North East from May to mid-June.
		Flies have been known to kill livestock and other animals.
		Black Flies don't like wind and are only active during the day.
	www.sylvialake.org /04Archives/BlackFly.html (248 words)

	Maine Nature News - Current Black Fly Report (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The weekly reports consist of spatial displays of weekly fl fly reports, where your observations are represented by colored dots on a map of Maine.
		Rate the severity of fl flies at locations in Maine where you reside or visit.
		Don't forget to report a level of "1" before the flies start in earnest and keep up the reports after the flies have disappeared, since an observation of "1" is just as useful and valid scientifically, as reports of "2" or "3".
	www.mainenature.org /blackfly.html (200 words)

	Black Duck Fly Fishing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The chief reason is that they are undoubtably the most knowledgable fly fishing resource you have for product recommendations specific to your area (or the area that you are visiting).
		If you live in an area not served by a fly tackle dealer, or your local dealer does not carry a product of ours that you need, you may order our products on-line.
		You can contact us with your comments, concerns and suggestions for products that you think might be a valuable addition to fly fishing, and would like to see brought to market.
	www.blackduckflyfishing.com (189 words)

	HOW THE BLACK HORSE FLY: OBTAINS ENERGY
		The fl horse fly (female) ingests blood from a large mammal or (male) sucks nectar from flowers.
		Since the fl horse fly is rather small this diffusion probably brings enough oxygen and removes enough carbon dioxide to support cellular respiration.
		The fl horse fly eliminates nitrogenous wastes through Malpighian tubules which are attached to the digestive tract.
	ppl.nhmccd.edu /~lcc/Sample_Research_Papers/AP_Papers/Egret_vs_Horse_Fly.html (1566 words)

	2006 South River Black Fly Hunt
		June 4, 2005 South River, ON The Black Fly Hunt in South River is over and the results show Roy Warriner from Trout Creek, Ontario repeats as 2005 World Black Fly Hunting Champion.
		Roy collared an impressive 3213 fl flies during the 4 week spring Black Fly Hunt in the Almaguin Highlands.
		Black Fly Hunting Permit holders and T-Shirt wearers attending the Weigh in on June 3, 2006 are elegible to enter a draw to win free IPOD with Video!
	www.blackflyhunt.ca (558 words)

	Black Fly Scullers
		FLY 03 Poet Laureate FLY 04 Poet Laureate
		For Fly 5, please be sure to take a look at the ever evolving Warmup/Race Instructions before you fill out your Membership Form.
		Thanks to Black Fly Sculler Jonathan Wright, who kindly mentioned the Black Fly Regatta in his article "A Tremor of Awareness" in the October, 2005 edition of the New England Watershed, an excellent new magazine based in the Connecticut River Watershed offering writings on thought, culture and art.
	www.blackflyscullers.org (649 words)

	definition of fly
		To cause to fly or to float in the air, as a bird, a kite, a flag, etc.
		To fly or flee from; to shun; to avoid.
		A batted ball that flies to a considerable distance, usually high in the air; also, the flight of a ball so struck; as, it was caught on the fly.
	www.brainydictionary.com /words/fl/fly165801.html (528 words)

	Articulated Leech, Black
		The front half (only) of the fly should weighted.
		When retrieved, this gives the fly an up-and-down undulation that mimics the way real leeches swim.
		Articulated flies such as this one are a pain to tie, but they can be effective when fishing for deep-lying steelhead in the fall.
	www.westfly.com /patterns/wet/articulatedleech.shtml (284 words)

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