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Topic: Black footed Albatross

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	NatureWorks - Black-footed Albatross (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The fl-footed albatross is between two and three feet long with a wingspan of up to seven feet.
		The fl-footed albatross breeds on islands in the mid-Pacific Ocean.
		The fl-footed albatross nests on islands in colonies.
	www.nhptv.org /natureworks/blackfootedalb.htm (240 words)

	The Albatrosses
		Albatrosses can be distinguished from the other petrels because their tubular nostrils are placed at either side of the top mandible of their bill rather than being fused together on top.
		Fossil albatross have been found in England and USA and Japan, indicating that they once had a northern distribution which is believed to have ended 20 MYA when the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans ceased to meet in the Panama.
		Albatrosses are famous for their expressive courtship which involves dancing and in some species such as the Sooty Albatross, daring chases in flight with the following bird repeating every move of the leader.
	www.earthlife.net /birds/albatross.html (1341 words)

	Black-footed Albatross - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		The Black-footed Albatross, Phoebastria nigripes, is a large seabird from the North Pacific.
		It is one of three albatross that range in the northern hemisphere, nesting on isolated tropical islands.
		The Black-footed Albatross, along with the Laysan Albatross and the rare Short-tailed Albatross, are the three species of albatross that range in the northern hemisphere, as opposed to the rest of the family which range from the Equator south.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Black-footed_Albatross (579 words)

	CCMA: A Biogeographic Assessment off North/Central California
		Occurring mainly west of the outer shelf, this albatross was more abundant as depth increased, although it was found over shallower depths during the Upwelling Season (mean depth in data set was 955 m) compared to >2,000 m during the other two ocean seasons.
		This attraction explains the "trail" of albatross (relatively higher cell density) that extends across the Gulf of the Farallones to the Golden Gate, and across the inner Monterey Bay to the important fishing port of Moss Landing; these birds were following fishing vessels.
		Albatrosses are generalists that feed on anything (any live or dead prey found at the surface) of edible size.
	ccmaserver.nos.noaa.gov /products/biogeography/canms_cd/htm/birds/bfal.htm (1101 words)

	Albatrosses
		The albatross relies on strong winds to fuel their flight, and it is supposed that the generally calm air in the tropics acts as a barrier to the easy northern passage of these birds.
		Albatrosses mate for life, and can live to be fifty years of age or more, so those youngsters might just be enjoying the feel of the sea before returning to their colonies to assume adult roles.
		The first albatross we saw was a fl-footed albatross, and it came soaring across the sea towards us from the vicinity of a fishing trawler.
	www.birdingamerica.com /California/pelagic/albatrosses.htm (526 words)

	Black-footed Albatross -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Black-footed Albatross, Phoebastria nigripes, is a large (A bird that frequents coastal waters and the open ocean: gulls; pelicans; gannets; cormorants; albatrosses; petrels; etc.) seabird from the (That part of the Pacific Ocean north of the equator) North Pacific.
		It is one of three (Large web-footed birds of the southern hemisphere having long narrow wings; noted for powerful gliding flight) albatross that range in the northern hemisphere, nesting on isolated (additional info and facts about tropical) tropical islands.
		The Black-footed Albatross is a small member of the ((biology) a taxonomic group containing one or more genera) family (while still large compared to most other seabirds) that has almost all fl (The light horny waterproof structure forming the external covering of birds) plumage.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/b/bl/black-footed_albatross.htm (514 words)

	::Seabirds:: (Laysan and Black-footed Albatross )
		The Laysan Albatross and Black-footed Albatross are two of the 3 species of albatross that occur in Alaskan waters.
		Albatrosses are by far the largest seabirds found in Alaska, but are small compared to many other albatrosses.
		Nearly all of the 400,000 breeding pairs of Laysan Albatross and 50,000 pairs of Black-footed Albatross nest in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands.
	www.absc.usgs.gov /research/seabird_foragefish/seabirds/flash_cards/laysan_albatross.html (503 words)

	Care2's Race for the Oceans
		The fl footed albatross (Diomedea nigripes) spends the vast majority of its life in the air or on the water anywhere but on land.
		The fl footed albatross breeds on islands in the mid-Pacific Ocean.
		Most of the fl footed albatross's diet is made up of the eggs of flying fish that it dips from the ocean's surface.
	oceans.care2.com /1blackfootedalbatross.html (432 words)

	Audubon: Albatross Wanderings (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Laysan albatross closest to the barracks where I'm staying is a female with a satellite transmitter on her back; I've begun referring to her as Amelia.
		Albatrosses eat just about anything they can swallow or hook their bills into, and for millions of years, this behavior served them well.
		Through the 1980s and into the '90s, hungry albatrosses found a lot of dead fish and squid tangled in driftnets, which were 30 to 40 miles long and hung down 40 feet into the ocean.
	magazine.audubon.org /features0101/albatross.html (4017 words)

	Black-footed albatross - Phoebastria nigripes: More Information - ARKive (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Black-footed albatrosses are birds of the northern Pacific Ocean, ranging from the sub-Artic sea southwards beyond the Hawaiian Islands, west as far as the China Sea and east to the North American coast, extending as far south as Baja California (4).
		Albatross chicks stay in the nest for a long time; six months in the case of the fl-footed, and it may wander away from the nest site when it reaches two or three months old (2).
		The fl-footed, like many other albatrosses, is currently under threat from by-catch in the long-line fishing industry; as many as 2,000 birds a year are thought to be lost from fishing vessels operating out of the USA, and as many as 8,000 from Japanese fisheries.
	www.arkive.org /species/GES/birds/Phoebastria_nigripes/more_info.html (840 words)

	untitled
		The Black-footed Albatross (Diomedia nigripes) is one of two species of Albatross that nests annually in the Hawaiian Islands, and one of three that occur regularly in the North Pacific (the other species being Laysan and Short-tailed Albatrosses).
		Black-footed Albatross arrive on the nesting grounds in November and adults depart in the late spring, with juveniles departing by late June.
		Most Laysan Albatrosses manage to find their way back to the island on which they were born, with only a few birds travelling to other areas; these "lost" birds however, may be the colonisers of new breeding grounds, helping the species to spread to other island-chains.
	www.birdinghawaii.co.uk /XBFAlbatross2.htm (2247 words)

	ArcNews Spring 2006 Issue -- Turning the Tide for Troubled Albatross
		Of the three North Pacific albatross species, the fl-footed and the Laysan were recently upgraded to "endangered" and "vulnerable," respectively.
		Because of the worsening status of North Pacific albatross populations, the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation provided funding for a study on the postbreeding movements of the fl-footed albatross.
		Albatross are known for flying long distances, and the study confirmed these incredible journeys.
	www.esri.com /news/arcnews/spring06articles/turning-the-tide.html (1169 words)

	Bird of the Month: Black-footed Albatross — Audubon Society of Portland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		But among albatrosses of the world, Black-foots are on the small side, especially compared to the Wandering Albatross with its massive twelve-foot wingspan (the largest of any bird).
		Albatross have tubes on both sides of the bill, while petrels and shearwaters have a single tube running along the top.
		Black-footed Albatross are true ocean wanderers and only grace solid ground to breed, primarily in the outer islands of the Hawaiian chain.
	www.audubonportland.org /science/blackfooted_albatross/document_view (505 words)

	CBD - Letterhead (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The fl-footed albatross, a seabird that nests almost exclusively in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, with a small population nesting in Japan, has a wingspan extending over six feet and spends much of its life on the wing, scooping flying fish eggs, squid and fish from the ocean surface.
		Black-footed albatross are fairly long-lived birds that have evolved a successful life history somewhat analogous to humans.
		Albatross and other sea birds dive at the baited hooks as they are deployed, become hooked and are dragged underwater where they drown.
	www.biologicaldiversity.org /swcbd/press/albatross10-1-04.html (964 words)

	NWRS - Albatross Numbers Hold Steady
		Albatross typically begin their search for a mate at an age of 4-5 years and mate for life.
		Battling gale-force winds and driving rain from Dec. 3, 2004 to Jan. 3, 19 volunteers counted 408,133 Laysan albatross nests and 21,829 fl-footed albatross nests at Midway Atoll NWR in the northwestern Hawaiian Islands.
		The Fish and Wildlife Service is responsible for the management of 99 percent of the world's population of Laysan albatross and 96 percent of the world's population of fl-footed albatross.
	www.fws.gov /refuges/generalInterest/albatrossMidwayNWR_Jan2005.html (264 words)

	PFRP Protected Species Project - Diet dynamics of Laysan & Black-footed albatross populations
		Because of their scavenging nature, the diet of these albatrosses may to some extent be dependant on fisheries such as drift-net and pelagic longline as a source of food.
		It is possible that the decline of Laysan and Black-footed albatrosses may in part be due to changes in their trophic relations, namely, where on the food chain they feed.
		It is anticipated that up to an additional 50 albatrosses from the breeding colonies and 100 albatrosses from the Hawaii longline fishery may be salvaged for research purposes.
	www.soest.hawaii.edu /PFRP/protected_species/duffy.html (941 words)

	Band Loss in North Pacific Populations of Laysan Albatross (Diomedea immutabilis) and Black-footed Albatross (D. ...
		Because most of the albatrosses were banded in the north Pacific colonies with conventional aluminum bands, it is essential to study their wear patterns if those data are to be used to model populations or generate life tables.
		Because albatrosses are among the longest lived of all birds, their bands should be suited to their life span and extended breeding period.
		For these two albatrosses which had large numbers banded with conventional aluminum tags during the 1960s and 1970s, it is now critical to reband these adults to retain at least part of the very old banded cohorts for future research.
	elibrary.unm.edu /sora/NABB/v020n04/p0157-p0164.html (3613 words)

	Black-foot albatross chick
		Black-footed Albatross have a uniform dark brown plumage except for a narrow white area at the base of the bill, and a white patch behind the eye.
		Black-footed Albatross are smaller than other albatross species, but their wingspan can still reach up to 2.13 m (~7 feet).
		Black-footed Albatross have been unintentionally killed in both driftnet and longline fisheries (mostly for squid, tuna, halibut and billfish such as swordfish) in the Pacific.
	www.botany.hawaii.edu /gradstud/eijzenga/seabirdshawaii/black-foot_albatross_chick.htm (1324 words)

	Albatrosses at Work
		Albatross parents catch and swallow their prey at sea, then fly back to the nest.
		Albatrosses are predatory and they bring food to their young in the nest, so it is not a surprise that they have a small clutch size.
		The bigger albatrosses lay bigger eggs; it's more or less correct to say that the mass (weight) of the egg is about 8% of the female's body mass.
	www.wfu.edu /albatross/atwork/atwork.htm (1091 words)

	Save the Albatross
		Albatrosses face threats at sea and in their land-based colonies.
		The biggest colony of fl-browed albatrosses is on the Falklands Islands.
		The third rarest albatross species in the world, with 800 breeding pairs, almost all on Gough Island in the Tristan da Cunha archipelago in the south Atlantic.
	www.savethealbatross.net /species_at_risk.asp (1345 words)

	BREEDING CYCLES AND BEHAVIOR OF LAYSAN AND BLACK-FOOTED ALBATROSSES
		The Laysan Albatross, to a greater degree than the Black-foot, uses the bill to rake sand, twigs, and leaves to the rim of the nest; this material is pressed down and compacted with the side of the bill.
		Our observations of albatrosses and several petrels and shearwaters demon- strate beyond question that the oil serves primarily as a food for the chick, and is thus analogous to pigeon milk; in some species (but not in alba- trosses) it is secondarily utilized as a defense mechanism.
		The markedly lower temperature of the incubating Laysan Albatrosses is perhaps due to the fact that their nests were built in the shade on moist organic soils, whereas the incubating Black-foots were in direct sunlight on dry coral sand.
	elibrary.unm.edu /sora/Auk/v079n04/p0517-p0567.html (21650 words)

	Albatrosses feel the heat
		Albatrosses with GPS data loggers strapped to their backs or legs are helping to map the surface temperatures of the North Pacific.
		The devices are attached to Laysan Phoebastria immutabilis and Black-footed Albatrosses Phoebastria nigripes at breeding colonies on Tern Island, in the north-west of the Hawaiian island group, and Guadalupe Island, Baja, Mexico.
		In the same year, Laysan Albatross, formerly of Least Concern, was classified as Vulnerable after information from the northwestern Hawaiian Islands showed declines of at least 30 percent over three generations.
	www.birdlife.org /news/news/2006/12/data-logging.html (339 words)

	PFRP Protected Species Project - Statistical modeling of Hawaiian albatross populations
		Based on a comparative approach, Niel and Lebreton (2001) showed that suspected levels of bycatch for the fl-footed albatross were large enough to possibly affect population growth.
		Furthermore, there are a number of peculiarities in the the demography of these birds which pose special problems for the parameter estimation and modeling, such as late age of maturity, low reproductive output, high adult survival rate, and long term pair bonding behavior.
		The population biology of the Black-Footed Albatross in relation to mortality caused by longline fishing.
	www.soest.hawaii.edu /PFRP/protected_species/goodman.html (853 words)

	Welcome to Signals of Spring - News
		Surface-feeding birds such as storm-petrels, albatrosses, and shearwaters are prone to eating plastic fragments because this material breaks up into tiny particles that look much like their natural foods.
		The albatross on the left with white feathers under its tail and a lighter bill color is older than the darker bird on the right.
		Many Albatrosses die in U.S. and foreign commercial long-line fisheries because they are attracted to the large amount of bait attached to thousands of hooks on a long-line.
	www.signalsofspring.net /neutral_news.cfm?section=spot&ID=43 (699 words)

	I.D. of dark silh alb page
		As albatrosses go, it is a fairly small one, but it is, of course, the largest procellarid regularly seen in Monterey Bay, and therefore looks "huge" compared to all our shearwaters, petrels and fulmars.
		Young birds are quite flish-slate with fl bills and feet (upper left), older birds have variable amounts of white on the face, uppertail coverts and undertail coverts (upper middle) while some extreme (very old?) birds have much more extensive white to the head and underparts (upper right).
		Short-tailed Albatross are increasingly being seen in Alaska; some details and photos of recent birds are found at the links of this "Short-tailed Albatross page." Among those Alaskan birds are plumages beyond juvenal plumage.
	montereybay.com /creagrus/darkalb_id.html (1582 words)

	Black-footed Albatross
		Length to end of tail 36 inches; bill along the ridge 5, along the edge of lower mandible 5; wing from flexure 21; tail 3; bare part of tibia 1 10/12; tarsus 3 10/12; inner toe 1 10/12, its claw 6/12; middle toe 4 5/12, its claw 8/12; outer toe 4 7/12, its claw 6/12.
		The three Albatrosses described in this volume may very easily be distinguished by the form of the bill, independently of all other characters.
		Diomedea nigripes has the bill much thicker, or less compressed than the other two species; its ridge very broad and convex at the base, its basal outline being semicircular and two inches in extent, so that its sides behind overlap and obliterate the sutural space behind the nostrils.
	www.audubon.org /bird/BoA/F43_G2b.html (469 words)

	Laysan Albatross (Wild Birds)
		The Laysan Albatross, Phoebastria immutabilis, is a large seabird that ranges across the North Pacific.
		This small (for its family) albatross is the second most common seabird in the Hawaiian Islands, with an estimated population of 2.5 million birds, and is currently expanding (or possibly re-expanding) its range to new islands.
		The Laysan Albatross is usually easy to identify, in the North Pacific it is simple to separate from the other relatively common albatross, the all fl Black-footed Albatross.
	birds.allaboutthese.org /laysan-albatross-wild-birds (360 words)

	PCBs, DDE, DDT, and TCDD-EQ in Two Species of Albatross on Sand Island, Midway Atoll, North Pacific Ocean - ...
		The Laysan albatross diet consists primarily of ommastrephid squid (68% of the diet); the remainder of the diet consists of approximately 9% fish, 9% crustaceans, and 4% coelenterates [7].
		In 1969, concentrations of PCBs and DDE in visceral fat of Laysan albatrosses were 22.3 mg/kg and 13.7 mg/kg, respectively; whereas visceral fat of fl-footed albatrosses contained a mean concentration of 15.3 (7.5-21.3) mg/kg and 15.3 (5.1-22.7) mg/kg of PCBs and DDE, respectively.
		The HQ for fl-footed albatrosses was approximately 10, which, based on observations in populations of fish-eating birds of the North American Great Lakes, would be expected to be causing subtle population-level effects, such as embryo lethality [1,2] and deformities [14,27,28].
	www.mindfully.org /Heritage/Albatross-PCBs-DDE-DDT-Mar97.htm (4324 words)

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