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Topic: Black locust

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	Black Locust
		Black locust grows best in humid climates, although it has been introduced in many parts of the world where the climate is much drier.
		Black locust is a prolific seed-producer but seedlings are not common; few seeds germinate because of the impermeable seed coat.
		Black locust is difficult to control due to its rapid growth and clonal spread.
	www.mdc.missouri.gov /nathis/exotic/vegman/five.htm (1932 words)

	Black Locust
		Black locust is a invasive tree that can reach a height of 40 to 100 feet when fully mature.
		Black locust is originally from southeastern United States and is naturalized throughout the United States and some parts of Europe.
		Black locust was and is used for its nitrogen fixing abilities, as a source of nectar for honeybees, hardwood lumber, erosion control, and mine soil reclamation.
	www.nps.gov /miss/restoration/gallery/exotics/black_locust.html (306 words)

	Robinia pseudoacacia: Black Locust (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		A fast-growing native deciduous tree, Black Locust is capable of reaching 70 to 80 feet in height but is more often seen 30 to 50 feet tall with a spread of 20 to 35 feet.
		Although the wood of Black Locust is reputed to be extremely strong and durable (pioneers used it to fashion nails for building ships and houses), the branches are brittle and subject to damage in high winds.
		Black Locust is susceptible to canker, leaf spot, and powdery mildew.
	edis.ifas.ufl.edu /ST570 (782 words)

	Black locust uses
		Locust wood lasts longer than pressure treated wood, and it does not leak harmful chemicals into the soil as pressure treated wood does, such as arsenic, which can be absorbed by the plant and therefore into the fruit.
		Black locust is the national tree of Hungary and the basis of their forestry industry.
		Black locust and osage orange are stable and resistant to rot, mildew, germs, and bugs.
	www.woodweb.com /knowledge_base/Black_locust_uses.html (2509 words)

	Black locust -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		However, unlike honey locust, but like the related European (Flowering shrubs or trees having bright yellow flowers; all parts of the plant are poisonous) Laburnum, its pods are (Click link for more info and facts about toxic) toxic.
		Black locust is a major (A sweet yellow liquid produced by bees) honey plant in eastern USA, and, having been taken and planted in France, is the source of the renowned acacia (Click link for more info and facts about monofloral honey) monofloral honey from France.
		Black locust is a legume in the family (A large family of trees, shrubs, vines, and herbs bearing bean pods; divided for convenience into the subfamilies Caesalpiniaceae; Mimosaceae; Papilionaceae) Fabaceae, which makes it capable of hosting nitrogen-fixing bacteria on its root system.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/b/bl/black_locust.htm (397 words)

	Black Locust (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Black Locust was once native to the southern Appalachian region of the Eastern United States, but has now spread throughout the world, including all of Ohio.
		In general, Black Locust as a colony survives to be a group of fairly sizable trees, unless the land on which it grows is cleared.
		The brown to gray twigs of Black Locust are zig-zag, and cast a crooked outline against the winter sky.
	www.dnr.state.oh.us /forestry/Education/ohiotrees/locustblack.htm (549 words)

	Plant Information Center - NC Trees - Black Locust
		Black locust, often called yellow locust, is native only to the mountains.
		Black locust leaves are pinnately compound and 8 to 14 inches long.
		Black locust fruit is in the form of brown flat pods, each bearing four to eight kidney-shaped, dark orange-brown seeds.
	www.ibiblio.org /pic/NCTrees/blacklocust.htm (318 words)

	News-Star OnlineReasons not to plant black locust 06/02/04
		Black locust is a wonderful tree, but not one that everyone should plant.
		Although fl locust creates inviting shade and is widely adaptable and easy to grow, you shouldn't plant one as a focal point in your lawn.
		An old fl locust looks like one of those straggly trees that lined the yellow brick road on the way to Oz, its craggy branches reaching out from a tall, dark trunk that is covered with deep, interlacing furrows of bark.
	www.news-star.com /stories/060204/goo_21.shtml (479 words)

	Black Locust (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		BLACK LOCUST IS A FAST growing, medium size tree which has been widely planted for windbreaks, soil erosion control, soil stabilization and fence posts.
		Locust flowers form pendant clusters of honey-sweet white blossoms, spreading a fragrance of heavy perfume in late spring.
		The grub or larvae of the fl locust borer tunnels through the central part of the stem, hollowing and weakening it.
	www.conservation.state.mo.us /nathis/plantpage/flora/motrees/p45.htm (310 words)

	Black Locust: A Multi-purpose Tree Species for Temperate Climates
		Black Locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) is a nitrogen-fixing legume, native to southeastern North America and now naturalized extensively in the temperate regions of North America, Europe, and Asia.
		Black locust wood is being studied to find the chemical basis for its remarkable decay resistance.
		Black locust leaves are high in protein, and the new growth of dense plantings such as this can be harvested for livestock feed with conventional hay-cutting equipment.
	www.hort.purdue.edu /newcrop/proceedings1990/V1-278.html (1930 words)

	PCA Alien Plant Working Group - Black Locust (Robinia pseudoacacia)
		Leaves of fl locust alternate along stems and are composed of seven to twenty one smaller leaf segments called leaflets.
		Due to its rapid growth, fl locust has been promoted by state and federal agencies and nurseries, and is sometimes planted in or near prairies, oak savannas and native woodland edges.
		Black locust is susceptible to some damage from two native insects, the locust borer (Megacyllene robiniae) and the locust leafminer (Odontota dorsalis).
	www.nps.gov /plants/alien/fact/rops1.htm (929 words)

	Robinia pseudoacacia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In an Ohio study, fl locust expansion rate ranged from 3.3 feet (1.0 meter) to 10 feet (3.0 meters) per year as measured from the center of a grove to the youngest tree on the edge.
		Black locust is moderately frost hardy in the southern and central Plains.
		Black locust is a management problem because it agressively invades dry prairies, sand prairies, and savannas where it shades desirable plant species.
	tncweeds.ucdavis.edu /esadocs/documnts/robipse.html (4520 words)

	WildWNC.org : Trees : Black Locust (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Black locust has been successfully introduced into many parts of the world where the climatic conditions are different from those of its native range.
		Black locust is a mediumsized tree, generally 12 to 18 m (40 to 60 ft) in height and 30 to 76 cm (12 to 30 in) in diameter.
		Black locust is often broadcast or hydroseeded with a mixture of herbaceous seed.
	www.wildwnc.com /trees/Robinia_pseudoacacia.html (3547 words)

	Locust Leafminer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Black locust is the preferred host for the larval stage but the adults can be found feeding on apple, oak, birch, beech, elm, cherry, and hawthorn.
		Locust leafminers are known to feed on soybeans as both larvae and adults when populations are high.
		The head is fl and the thorax and the outer margins of the elytra are orange.
	www.ext.vt.edu /departments/entomology/factsheets/locleafm.html (527 words)

	Black Locust
		Distribution: Black locust is native to the Appalachian Mountains from Pennsylvania to northern Georgia and Alabama and to the Ozark Mountains of southern Missouri, Arkansas and eastern Oklahoma.
		General Wood Characteristics: The sapwood of fl locust is a creamy white, while the heartwood varies from a greenish yellow to dark brown.
		Black locust is very strong in bending and is one of the hardest woods in America.
	www.windsorplywood.com /nam_hardwoods/black_locust.html (550 words)

	Site Requirements and Stand Establishment Techniques for Black Locust (Robinia Pseudoacacia l.) Stands in Hungary
		Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) is one of the most important stand forming tree species in Hungary, covering approximately 20% of the forested land and providing 25% of the country’s annual timber cut.
		Black locust afforestation with deep loosening: soil preparation (without trenching) by deep loosening of soil, planting by planting-machine or tractor drawn pit-drilling machine, manual soil cultivation in the rows, in interrows by machine.
		Our experiences from investigations in many stands showed that fl locust stands of good and medium quality (yield classes I, II and III) may in general be regenerated from suckers until their growth rate attains, or exceeds the volume increment of yield tables for the yield class in question.
	www.fao.org /DOCREP/ARTICLE/WFC/XII/0320-B2.HTM (2346 words)

	Black Locust (Robinia pseudo-acacia) - Poisonous Plants - GoatWorld.Com
		Black locusts are common in well-drained woods, thickets, and waste areas.
		There are several toxic components in fl locust including the toxic protein robin, the glycoside robitin, and the alkaloid robinine.
		If horses are observed eating fl locust, contact a veterinarian immediately, since emergency measures to rid the gastrointestinal tract of toxin may be implemented.
	www.goatworld.com /health/plants/blacklocust.shtml (648 words)

	Black Locust
		The Black Locust tree, Robinia pseudoacacia, is sometimes called the yellow locust.
		Black locust is not a commercial timber species but is useful for many other purposes.This deciduous tree is a nitrogen fixer and has rapid juvenile growth.
		This fast growing Locust tree is suitable for fuel wood and pulp and provides cover for wildlife, browse for deer, and cavities for birds.
	naturehills.com /new/product/productdetails.aspx?proname=Black+Locust (159 words)

	Robinia pseudoacacia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Black locust is a medium-sized tree reaching 15-35 m in height and 0.3-1.0 m in diameter.
		Black locust is native to regions with 1,000- 1,500 mm annual rainfall, yet it is drought-tolerant and survives on as little as 400 mm.
		In Hungary, fl locust is often grown for wood on small private farms (Keresztesi 1986).
	www.winrock.org /forestry/factpub/FACTSH/R_pseudoacacia.html (1444 words)

	Black Locust
		Black Locust is a medium-sized tree, growing up to 80 feet tall.
		Black Locusts prefer sandy or rocky soil, and are most often found in old
		Black Locust flowers are pollinated by bees and hummingbirds.
	www.fcps.k12.va.us /StratfordLandingES/Ecology/mpages/black_locust.htm (309 words)

	Black locust for boat building (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Although fl locust is not an important timber tree in the United States, it is used for a wide variety of products and is planted for many specialized purposes.
		Wood: Black locust wood is strong and hard with a specific gravity of 0.68, yet it has the lowest shrinkage value of US domestic woods.
		Black locust wood is highly resistant to rot (Smith et al.
	www.glen-l.com /weblettr/webletters-4/wl38-black-locust.html (1049 words)

	Unasylva - No. 127 - Wood-based panels - The black locust
		On strip-mined land, fl locust is planted as a pure stand or as an admixed species to control erosion and to improve soil quality.
		Black locust firewood is popular for its high calorific value and for its good combustibility, even in wet condition.
		Since fl locust is relatively easy to introduce and since it has such a wide range of economic, aesthetic and ecological uses, it seems an almost ideal tree to introduce into developing countries with temperate or Mediterranean climates and appropriate soils.
	www.fao.org /docrep/n7750e/n7750e04.htm (3813 words)

	* Black locust - (Plants): Definition
		Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) is a (A tall perennial woody plant having a main trunk and branches forming a distinct elevated crown...
		Black locust ordinarily grows 40'-60' in height and 1'-2 1/2' in diameter.
		The false acacia or fl locust R. pseudoacacia, reaches a height of 25 m/80 ft and has straight thorns on its young twigs...
	en.mimi.hu /plants/black_locust.html (375 words)

	Black Locust (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Black locust has ladder-like (pinnately compound) leaves that have an odd number of leaflets, with 1 leaflet at the tip.
		Planted extensively for its nitrogen-fixing capability and hardwood qualities, fl locust has been reported to be the most widely planted North American tree.
		Black locust stems can be cut at the base with brushcutters, chainsaws or hand tools, followed by treating the stump with a 20% solution of Roundup.
	www.inhs.uiuc.edu /chf/outreach/VMG/blocust.html (1413 words)

	AllRefer - Species: Black Locust \| Robinia pseudoacacia > Distribution and occurrence
		Black locust has been successfully planted in almost every state [24].
		Black locust is found in the southeastern United States largely within oak (Quercus spp.)-hickory (Carya spp.) forests.
		Outside of its native range, fl locust often naturalizes in riparian habitats or floodplains [6,44,64].
	reference.allrefer.com /wildlife-plants-animals/plants/tree/robpse/distribution-occurrence.html (322 words)

	Black Locust (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The fl locust's natural range extends from Pennsylvania southwestward to Alabama and westward to southern Illinois.
		The leaves are pinnately compound with 11 to 15 leaflets 1 to 1-1/2 inches long, rounded at both ends and with smooth margins.
		Bark is poisonous; cattle die from browsing on bark and children become ill from chewing on twigs or bark.
	ostermiller.org /tree/blacklocust.html (214 words)

	Robinia pseudoacacia 'Purple Robe': 'Purple Robe' Black Locust (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		This cultivar of Black Locust probably grows to about 40 feet tall with a spread of 20 to 35 feet.
		If left to its own devices, Black Locust will form dense thickets, even on the poorest soils, a fact which makes it quite useful in reclamation applications.
		Although the wood of Black Locust is reputed to be extremely strong and durable (pioneers used it to fashion nails for building ships and houses), the branches of the species are brittle and subject to damage in high winds.
	edis.ifas.ufl.edu /ST572 (835 words)

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