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Topic: Blackfoot language

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	Blackfoot Language and the Blackfoot Indian Tribe (Siksika, Pikuni, Piegan, Kainai, Blackfeet, Niitsipussin)
		Blackfoot Language and the Blackfoot Indian Tribe (Siksika, Pikuni, Piegan, Kainai, Blackfeet, Niitsipussin)
		Language: Blackfoot, or Siksika, is an Algonquian language spoken by 8000 people in southern Alberta and northern Montana.
		Nevertheless, in the face of these travails the Blackfoot have not lost their culture, and the Blackfoot Indian language is one of the few indigenous languages in Canada and the United States which has a good chance for survival.
	www.native-languages.org /blackfoot.htm (630 words)

	Blackfoot Nation - Crystalinks
		The Blackfoot were fiercely independent and very successful warriors whose territory stretched from the North Saskatchewan River along what is now Edmonton Alberta, Canada, to the Missouri River of Montana, and from the Rocky Mountains and along the Saskatchewan river and down into the state of Montana to the Missouri river.
		The Blackfoot maintained this traditional way of life based on hunting bison, until the near extinction of the bison by 1881 forced them to change and finally adapt to the coming of Europeans.
		Blackfoot music, the music of the Blackfoot tribes, (best translated in the Blackfoot language as nitsínixki - "I sing", from nínixksini - "song") is primarily a vocal kind of music, using few instruments (called ninixkiátsis, derived from the word for song and associated primarily with European-American instruments), only percussion and voice, and few words.
	www.crystalinks.com /blackfoot.html (1909 words)

	Blackfoot syllabary, pronunciation and language
		Blackfoot, or Siksika is an Algonquian language with about 8,000 speakers in the US state of Montana and the Canadian province of Alberta.
		Tims based his Blackfoot syllabary on James Evans' Ojibwe syllabary and used it to produce a dictionary of the Blackfoot language and translations of a number a biblical texts.
		Abenaki, Arapaho, Blackfoot, Cheyenne, Cree, Delaware, Míkmaq, Montagnais, Naskapi, Ojibwe, Potawatomi, Shawnee
	www.omniglot.com /writing/blackfoot.htm (151 words)

	Blackfoot (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		It is believed that the name Blackfoot comes from the moccasins the people of the tribe wore that became fl as they walked through the ashes of prairie fires.
		In the spring, the Blackfoot moved from the river areas to the plains in search of the large herds of buffalo that were found there.
		Blackfoot men wore long buckskin leggings, which were held at the waist with a belt, and hung down in front; women wore full-length sleeveless buckskin dresses, which were tied at the shoulders.
	www.scsc.k12.ar.us /2002Outwest/NaturalHistory/Projects/LachowskyR/Blackfoot.htm (531 words)

	LANGUAGE LEARNING article--What? Me Worry About Language Learning?
		And languages which serve as the vehicles for complex societies may have much larger vocabularies to master than languages which serve societies in which there are not multiple occupations and where science and technology and other areas of higher learning are not much discussed.
		You feel that "languages are not really your thing", but you hope to learn the language of this group in connection with a long-term goal of going to their country of origin.
		Furthermore, the language has several varieties, and which one you use depends on how well you know the person you are talking to and what your status is relative to her status.
	www.languageimpact.com /articles/gt/whatme.htm (14249 words)

	Blackfoot Tribunal
		Blackfoot men all have bitter tales to tell about how they are cheated by white businesses in league with the sell-out tribal council.
		All Native American languages, as well as Hawaiian, were for a century the target of government policies designed to eradicate them in public and in private, to ensure that they were not passed from parent to child.
		The language that once claimed the highest literacy rate in the world was banned even from the islands' private schools.
	www.columbia.edu /~lnp3/mydocs/indian/blackfoot_tribunal.htm (1513 words)

	Facts for Kids: Blackfoot Indians (Blackfeet)
		Most Blackfoot words are very long and difficult for English speakers to pronounce, but one easy word that you might like to learn is "Oki" (pronounced "oh-kee,") which means "Hello!" You can listen to a Blackfoot woman talk in her language here and read a Blackfoot picture glossary here.
		Blackfoot men were hunters and sometimes went to war to defend their families.
		Blackfoot artists are known for their fine quill embroidery and beadwork.
	www.geocities.com /bigorrin/blackfoot_kids.htm (1646 words)

	Blackfoot
		Smallpox epidemics devastated the Blackfoot population in 1781, 1837, and 1869.
		This concern is reflected today in the Blackfoot claim for priority rights over the water resources on the reservation, rights to certain natural resources within the boundaries of Glacier National Park as specified in the 1896 agreement, and the appropriate use of reservation lands by both members and non-members.
		The pervasive use of the buffalo in Blackfoot culture provides the basis for Alfred Vaughan's claim, recorded by John C. Ewers, that the buffalo was the Blackfoot's "Staff of Life." Until the buffalo's near extermination in the early 1880s, they roamed the plains in extraordinarily large herds.
	www.everyculture.com /multi/A-Br/Blackfoot.html (6868 words)

	native american civilizations blackfoot indians
		The nomadic Blackfoot Indians in particular were known for their great skills in hunting the enormous buffalo long before the first pyramids of Egypt were built.
		Blackfoot Language and the Blackfoot Indian Tribe (Siksika, Pikuni, Piegan, Kainai, Blackfeet)
		Many children are still learning Blackfoot, but the language is currently undergoing linguistic shift, with 'Old Blackfoot' being spoken by older generations and 'New Blackfoot' being spoken by younger ones." Learn more about the tribes making up the Blackfoot confederation including language history and more.
	www.archaeolink.com /blackfoot_indians.htm (982 words)

	blkft.html
		This is due to the fact that every living language is slowly and subtly changing, and with interrupted communication between groups of speakers, the language changes may differ in kind or rate in the different groups.
		In the pre-reserve period, the Blackfoot Confederacy was an umbrella of protection for the three Blackfoot-speaking groups, but also for the linguistically unrelated Tsuu t'inaa (aka Sarcee), who belong linguistically to the Dene family, and the Stoney bands, who belong to the Siouan language family.
		There are two languages of California, Wiyot and Yurok, which are related to the Algonquian family at a much higher level; i.e., these two languages are the descendents of groups which separated from the presumed parent language of the Algonquian family.
	people.uleth.ca /~frantz/blkft.html (2002 words)

	Native American Language Net: Preserving and promoting indigenous American Indian languages
		Actually, Native American languages do not belong to a single Amerindian family, but 25-30 small ones; they are usually discussed together because of the small numbers of natives speaking most of these languages and how little is known about many of them.
		Click on a language name to see a description and links about that language, as well as information about the American Indian people who speak it.
		These are linguistically diverse languages deserving of individual attention, and it is very difficult to make accurate generalizations about them as a group.
	www.native-languages.org (1208 words)

	Native Americans - Blackfeet
		The Blackfoot were unremittingly hostile toward neighboring tribes and usually toward white men; intrusions upon Blackfoot lands were efficiently repelled.
		With the early coming of the white man, the Blackfoot gained wealth from the sale of beaver pelts, but the killing off of the buffalo and the near exhaustion of fur stocks brought them to near starvation.
		Audio samples of the spoken Blackfoot language, with a brief biography of the speaker.
	www.nativeamericans.com /Blackfeet.htm (502 words)

	Ideas on Language and Linguistics - F. David Peat
		Language and Linguistics have been key issues during the twentieth century embracing everything from philosophy and psychology to physics and cultural studies.
		In his attempts to deal with language problems it is joked that after writing down one sentence Bohr would attempt to express exactly the opposite in the next.
		To enter into such a group is to undergo a subtle change in the use of language and, along with it, a change in perception, action, communication and social values.
	www.fdavidpeat.com /ideas/langling.htm (1341 words)

	N A People/Tribes-The Blackfoot Nation
		The Piikani, by themselves, were the smallest Blackfoot Tribe to sign Treaty 7, though with the Blackfeet Tribe in the neighboring State of Montana, they form the largest tribe of the Blackfoot Nation.
		Siksika are a part of the Blackfoot Confederacy which also consists of the Piikani and Kainaiwa of southern Alberta and the Blackfeet in the State of Montana.
		The Blackfoot continued to celebrate their ritual, though often times in an altered form.
	www.snowwowl.com /peopleblackfoot.html (2843 words)

	Blackfoot (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Blackfoot but have had no exposure to the culture or language.
		The duty of the students is to gather first hand information on the Blackfoot language and compile a comprehensive set of both recorded and written data as an effort to preserve the language.
		I was unable to find news pertaining to Blackfoot language here, but may be a good place to look.
	www.unh.edu /linguistics/courses/790CS/annotations/HW2/Blackfoot.Justin.HW2.htm (401 words)

	Native Americans: Blackfoot History and Culture (Blackfeet Indians)
		As a complement to our Blackfoot language information, we would like to share our collection of indexed links about the Blackfoot people and various aspects of their society.
		Blackfoot history is interesting and important, but the Blackfoot are still here today, too, and we try to feature modern writers as well as traditional folklore, contemporary artwork as well as archaeology exhibits, and the issues and struggles of today as well as the tragedies of yesterday.
		Blackfoot Indian interactions with the Lewis and Clark expedition.
	www.native-languages.org /blackfoot_culture.htm (457 words)

	Blackfoot language, - Lethbridge College
		Blackfoot language Blackfoot Siksiká Spoken in: United States, Canada Region: Blackfeet Reservation in Montana and in southern Alberta.
		This paper discusses the Blackfoot language in its cultural-historical roots, grammatical foundations and current revitalization status.
		This Blackfoot language pronunciation guide is excerpted from a series of classes given by Keith Chiefmoon in Seattle, in the Fall of 1998 thru the Spring
	xn--jwy501c.com /dsji/blackfoot-language.html (428 words)

	Ethnologue 14 report for language code:BLC
		The following is the entry for this language as it appeared in the 14th edition (2000).
		Blackfoot, Piegan, and Blood Reserves in southern Alberta.
		In some places Blackfoot is the principal language for older adults.
	www.ethnologue.com /show_language.asp?code=BLC (112 words)

	Blackfoot Country - Discussion Forums - Language & Culture - blackfoot language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Unfortunately, I'm not familiar with my Father's Father's language and it's sad that there was no native pride amongst the men on that side of the family.
		A Blackfoot Elder out here had mentioned having a get together with others who either spoke Blackfoot or wanted to learn- but that has not happened as of yet.
		Once I was at a food court with my children and my son (who is a really shy kid and does not talk to strangers at all)- was watching this little chinese girl and her mom; she spoke something in chinese to her mom.
	blackfootcountry.com /modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?topic_id=131&forum=5&post_id=321 (1152 words)

	Our Language
		Bantering easily in the drawn-out vowels and clipped endings of a nearly extinct language, Jesse and his 35 classmates are the first fluent Blackfoot speakers in more than two generations.
		Of the 300 languages spoken in North America at the time of European settlement, 150 have disappeared completely, and only a handful of the survivors are acquiring new speakers.
		Because many people on the reservation still associated their language with humiliating experiences at boarding school, the institute was controversial.
	www.spiritalk.net /language.htm (1018 words)

	Blackfoot (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Three tapes of drills for spoken Blackfoot classes are available from the Native American Studies Program, University of Lethbridge, Alberta T1K 3M4, Canada.
		--- Frantz and Russell's Blackfoot Dictionary is the first scholarly dictionary of Blackfoot to appear since Uhlenbeck and van Gulik's An English-Blackfoot Vocabulary (1930), and the result of a quarter of a century of research.
		"Blackfoot" here includes the dialects of the Blood and Peigan as well as of the Blackfoot/Blackfeet of Alberta and Montana; dialect differences (not great) are noted where relevant.
	linguistics.buffalo.edu /ssila/learning/blackfoo.htm (614 words)

	Elders Voices - Blackfoot
		Their language, Blackfoot, or Niitsipussin ("the real language"), falls under the Algonquian language family, along with Ojibway, Micmac, and Cree.
		The Blackfoot Peoples lived (and many continue to live) in structured and cohesive social units called bands, which were made up of between 80 to 240 people.
		Yet, the traditional ways of the Blackfoot Peoples were not lost forever, and Blackfoot Elders continue to pass on stories of the "Real People" to the younger generations.
	www.abheritage.ca /eldersvoices/peoples/language_blackfoot.html (452 words)

	Blackfoot Confederacy
		The Blackfoot were first introduced to horses in 1730 when the Shoshoni attacked them on horseback.
		When the Canadian federal government entered into negotiations with Crowfoot, the Siksika political leader, he had to consult the other Niitsitapi leaders as he was being asked by the government to negotiate matters affecting all Niistitapi.
		After the massacre, the troops left to find their real target, but it was too late as the hostile tribe had moved.
	www.mnsu.edu /emuseum/cultural/northamerica/blackfoot.html (653 words)

	Searching for Saponi Town -- Eastern Siouan, Eastern Blackfoot Descendants
		Identifying and researching Native American ancestry deriving from the Eastern Siouan peoples of the Piedmont of Virginia and North Carolina, also known as Saponi or Tutelo, Family lore of Blackfoot or Blackfeet Indian ancestry derived east of the Mississippi appears to be related to these Eastern Siouan people.
		" Blackfoot " is an identification found among descendants also aware of their Saponi origins, and is a designation reported among many native-descended people with ties to southeastern states.
		Explains the probable origin of the Blackfoot identification among people deriving from Virginia and North Carolina, outlines the history of the Piedmont Siouan, and provides theories and data on their migrations paths.
	www.saponitown.com (1156 words)

	Learn Blackfoot - Blackfoot Books, Courses and Software
		Intended to serve a variety of audiences, the first few chapters can be read by laypersons interested in the Blackfoot language, and provide a basis for the more intensive and technical chapters intended for the more advanced student and scholar.
		Based on decades of research, Blackfoot Grammar will be welcomed not only by those who wish to learn the language, but by all those with an interest in native studies and North American linguistics.
		The Blackfoot Dictionary is a comprehensive guide to the vocabulary of Blackfoot and contains more than 4000 Blackfoot-English entries and an English index of more than 5000 entries, with thorough coverage of cultural terms.
	www.multilingualbooks.com /blackfoot.html (260 words)

	BLACKFOOT COMPARISON
		Blackfoot (Algonquian) separated from the main branch of the Proto-Language after the stage of development (Pontic) in which the oldest semantic contrasts of CE / CA / CO were replaced by C
		The Proto-Language had 32 consonants, which have been reduced to 8 in Blackfoot (except in certain phonetic environments); its three vowels (E-A-O) have been reduced to one (a), and Blackfoot i and o are the result of vocalizations of PL $ and F/FH in certain positions.
		The most basic categories of Blackfoot are inanimate, indicated by reflexes of $O, "object, in the form of -i; and animate, indicated by reflexes of F[H]A, "circling around", a topicalizer, in the form of -o [see Morphology, (A45)].
	www.mega.nu:8080 /protolanguage/comparison.BLACKFOOT.11.htm (2043 words)

	Seminar
		The goal of this paper is to present the Blackfoot language as an encompassment of the language and the people who speak it.
		Since the introduction of the Welsh Language Act in 1967 and the implementation of the Welsh Language Board in 1993, the decline in number of speakers has been halted.
		The purpose of this paper is to explain the reason for the language endangerment, to show the impacts of the Spanish language, and to address the current efforts being made to preserve the indigenous language.
	www.umt.edu /ling/faculty/Miyashita/seminar.htm (763 words)

	Niitsitapiisini - Our Way of Life - Teacher Toolkit
		The Blackfoot language is important to the Blackfoot.
		The Blackfoot almost lost their language when the government forced their children to go to residential schools.
		The Blackfoot are trying to make their language strong again.
	www.glenbow.org /blackfoot/teacher_toolkit/english/culture/language_Print.htm (249 words)

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