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	Blacklisting
		Blacklisting is the practice of refusing to hire or terminating from employment an individual whose opinions or associations are deemed politically inconvenient or commercially troublesome.
		The period of the fllist pre-dated and post-dated the junior senator from Wisconsin's reign and McCarthy himself evinced little interest in the entertainment industry: his targets of choice were the Department of State and the U.S. Army.
		One of the legacies of World War II was a heightened sensitivity to the political impact of the popular media; one of the coincidences of history was that television's early days paralleled precisely the escalating intensity of the Cold War in the years from 1946 to 1954.
	www.museum.tv /archives/etv/B/htmlB/blacklisting/blacklisting.htm (868 words)

	Hollywood blacklist - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Hollywood fllist stemmed from events dating back to the 1930s, when political ideology was being shaped by the rise of fascism abroad, and domestically by the business tactics of many capitalists, who were considered ruthless by some.
		Some of those fllisted continued to write Hollywood films, using pseudonyms or the names of friends who posed as the actual writers (those who allowed their names to be used were called "fronts".) Much later, when anti-Communism became less fashionable, many considered them heroes for their defiance of the committee.
		Following his fllisting, Trumbo and others were able to continue working without screen credit by using a pseudonym or having a fellow member of the MPAA submit their scripts to the studio in their name.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hollywood_blacklist (1495 words)

	The Hollywood Blacklist
		Blacklisted anew, Stander became a successful Wall Street broker, later starred in European films, and still later returned to American prominence as the chauffeur in Hart-to-Hart, one of television's top ten programs during the early 1980s.
		The fllist itself was the subject of The Way We Were (1973), which starred Barbra Streisand as a totally sympathetic Communist married to a liberal screenwriter.
		While such pressures were not nearly as destabilizing as the fllist-period tensions had been, awareness of the dangers associated with political activism had its effect on how filmmakers addressed political issues, the kind of film projects undertaken for production, and the particular personnel chosen for given projects.
	www.writing.upenn.edu /~afilreis/50s/blacklist.html (2611 words)

	Hollywood Blacklist Essay
		Blacklisting of Hollywood writers, actors, producers, directors and others suspected of Communist affiliations began with the committee's hearings in October of 1947, and flourished throughout the 1950s.
		Although there was a growing fear of Communism invading American society during the Cold War era, the fllisting of writers and others in Hollywood because of their political beliefs should not have occurred during the Cold War, or any other period of time.
		Blacklisted writers, such as Walter Bernstein, Abraham Polonsky, and Lester Cole had a very difficult time finding work and trying to survive during the period of the fllist.
	www.rajuabju.com /literature/hollywoodblacklist.htm (1683 words)

	Academy Exhibition to Examine Hollywood Blacklist
		Beverly Hills, CA - One of the most controversial and damaging eras in Hollywood history, that of the fllist, will be the subject of a full-scale exhibition presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, beginning in February of next year.
		In addition to examining the consequences faced by those who refused to cooperate, the show will document the complicity of the studios, guilds and unions and the effects of the fllist on the industry.
		Finally, the exhibition will highlight the beginning of the end of the era, as well as the controversies which continue to this day as seen in the reactions to the Academy's decision in March 1999 to present an Honorary Academy Award to Elia Kazan.
	www.oscars.org /press/pressreleases/2001/01.07.26.html (476 words)

	GOPUSA - Lisa Sarrach
		They brought scores of people to the theaters, made their studio bosses rich, were feted around town, lived in fabulous homes, were rich beyond all their dreams, and surrounded by sycophants who would tend to their every wish.
		The Hollywood Blacklist was initiated and maintained by the studio heads and executives.
		In the 1950s events like the Hollywood fllist, actors demanding more control over the films they made, their rebellious nature against authority bursting to be set free, and later with the ramp up of the Vietnam War, culminated in the explosion of the late 1960s, that we are still feeling today.
	www.gopusa.com /commentary/lsarrach/2004/ls_0823p.shtml (1326 words)

	YRL Exhibits Committee Archives -- Blacklist in the Golden State
		The fllisting of members of the motion picture community was an integral and important part of the anti-Communist fervor that swept the United States in the immediate aftermath of World War II.
		The story then shifts to the strategies members of the industry employed to maneuver around the fllist, focusing in particular on survival and resistance, both personal and artistic.
		The third part of the exhibit focuses on the impact of the fllist on both individual lives as well as creative output.
	www.library.ucla.edu /libraries/url/urlexhibits/archives/blacklst.htm (593 words)

	Salon Movies \| Busting heads and blaming Reds
		The studios had the same sentiment after the war, but by 1946 others in town were decrying Communist infiltration of the movie industry.
		With the threat of censorship on one side and the possibility of a public boycott of movies on the other, and with New York banks, which lent heavily to the studios during the Depression, pressuring them to avoid anything that might impair their ability to repay the loans, the producers were in a corner.
		In November 1947 the studio heads issued the "Waldorf Statement," named after the New York hotel where they drafted it, which announced, among other things, their intention to no longer employ the Hollywood 10, nor anyone else who refused to cooperate with the HUAC investigation, nor any Communist.
	archive.salon.com /ent/movies/feature/2000/01/11/blacklist/print.html (3833 words)

	The Danz Family - Home of Don and Mary Danz - Hollywood Ignores Real "Blacklist" Victims
		The "party line" to which Ford referred was that of the Communist Party, USA, whose fllist ruined the careers of an uncountable number of movie personages beginning in the 1930s surely one of the great untold stories of the film industry.
		Yet Hollywood and the media ignored this communist-inspired fllisting this autumn to repeat hoary, discredited yarns during a 50th anniversary celebration of what an ABC Radio newscast called "one of Hollywood's darkest moments," the plight of the so-called Hollywood Ten.
		The centerpiece for the anniversary was the decision by four major film unions to give credits to the flballed ten who continued to work, under assumed names, during their exile from the industry.
	www.danzfamily.com /texts/hollywood_communists.htm (3148 words)

	HUAC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The remaining nine were fllisted by the Hollywood film community and found themselves forced to use pseudonyms in order to sell scripts.
		Yet, even as HUAC and the subsequent fllist served to limit and control the content and system of production and financing of Hollywood films, other forces were working against censorship and tight studio control.
		Furthermore, distributors (whether they were the Hollywood studios or not) were forced to carry these films because they had fewer titles to choose from, and, perhaps more important, because they realized that these films would make a great deal of money.
	www.moderntimes.com /palace/huac.htm (1466 words)

	Salon Arts & Entertainment \| Busting heads and blaming Reds (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		But the fllist was a voluntary creation of Hollywood studio producers, not the government.
		They always maintained that the fllist was essentially forced on them by a powerful one-two punch of politics and public opinion.
		In the words of the late Lester Cole, a founding member of the Screen Writers Guild, the moguls considered writers "the niggers of the studio system." A number of producers even delighted in sometimes cattle-prodding their stable of scribes, who had the least control over their work in Hollywood.
	www.salon.com /ent/movies/feature/2000/01/11/blacklist (944 words)

	WBAI News : The Hollywood Reds: Fifty Years Later (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Fifty years after the onset of the Hollywood fllist and some dozen years after the demise of the Soviet Union, the role of the Communist Party (CP) in studio-era Hollywood continues to be debated vigorously.
		This was an irrefutable confirmation of the contention of fllistees that the studio bosses had been well aware of the political views of their employees.
		Granted that Koch was carrying out the directives of his studio, granted that he had to remain faithful to a living person’s memoirs, and granted the desire to help Roosevelt build support for a crucial war-time ally, his script totally conformed to the Communist party line.
	www.wbai.org /artman/publish/article_686.php (5192 words)

	Online NewsHour: Hollywood Blacklisting -- October 24, 1997
		After excerpts from the PBS documentary "The Legacy of the Hollywood Blacklist", Elizabeth Farnsworth talks with writer/producer Paul Jarrico and actress Marsha Hunt about their experiences on the fllist.
		PAUL JARRICO: Well, I knew I was fllisted the moment I arrived at RKO Studio in my car and was barred from the lot, but that was before I testified.
		I and Herbert Biverman and Adrian Scott, both of whom were--had been members of the Hollywood Ten and were fllisted, of course, formed a company to try to use the growing pool of talent of the fllistees.
	www.pbs.org /newshour/bb/entertainment/july-dec97/blacklist_10-24.html (1761 words)

	Hodges: "Blacklisting of Salt of the Earth"
		The Hollywood fllist forced CP members out of the studio system, and made available a ready pool of unemployed talent.
		Because of the fllist, several CP members decided to form their own company and make pictures their own way – unfettered by the studios.
		The agents of the fllist – studios, the technical workers union, the FBI, the American Legion, and other groups – worked diligently first to prevent the film from being made, and failing that to prevent its distribution.
	www.cmu.edu /coldwar/hodges.htm (812 words)

	Blacklist=Blackmarket
		The truth, of course, is that the fllist was openly called for in 1947 by the House Committee on Un-American Activities ("...Don't you think the most effective way is the payroll route?'' "...Do you think the studios should continue to employ these individuals?") and that the producers opposed the idea.
		The Hollywood Ten, fllisted and cursed with the worst press since Bruno Hauptmann, stood trial for contempt of Congress, drew maximum fines and sentences, wrangled their way through skeptical courts and finally were distributed throughout the federal penitentiary system.
		The Hollywood fllist is but part of an immensely greater official fllist--barring its victims from work at home, and denying them passage abroad--which mocks our government in all its relations with civilized powers that neither tolerate nor understand such repression.
	www.thenation.com /doc/19570504/trumbo (3250 words)

	Acad to bow extensive blacklist exhib - Entertainment News - Variety.com
		While fllist history has been told many times and in many ways, the Acad plans to, "for the first time anywhere," retell the fllist through visual materials, including photographs, audiotapes, videotapes, movie clips and documents of all types.
		Display will begin by documenting the conflicts of trade unionists and studio executives as early as 1933, moving through origins of the Cold War to Washington in 1947, when the first witnesses were subpoenaed to answer the questions of the House Committee on Un-American Activities.
		Use of this website is subject to its Terms and Conditions of Use.
	www.variety.com /article/VR1117850328.html?categoryid=13&cs=1 (337 words)

	MySpace.com - THE BLACKLIST - Melbourne, Victoria - Metal / Metal / Metal - www.myspace.com/thetrueblacklist
		The story: Formed in late 2001 by ex-members of the Spoilers and the Sex Bombs the Blacklist went into the studio in January 2002 to record their debut EP ‘Attacks’ without having played a single show together.
		After a year or so of solid gigging around Melbourne, the Blacklist went back into the studio to work on their debut album, “Electric and Evil”, released on Spooky Records.
		The Blacklist have completed work on the follow up to 2004’s “Electric and Evil” and will release their second album “TOTAL BLACKLIST” later in 2007 or early 2008.
	www.myspace.com /thetrueblacklist (921 words)

	Blacklist Studio - Chinese Music - Chinese Art
		Blacklist Studio - Chinese Music - Chinese Art
		Blacklist Studio (黑名單工作室) was a group of TaiwanTaiwanese musicians who came together and released a ground-breaking album in 1989 called Songs of Madness (抓狂歌).
		Reportedly five years in the making, this work came out at a critical juncture in History of TaiwanTaiwan's history, two years after the lifting of the decades-long martial law.
	www.famouschinese.com /virtual/Blacklist_Studio (274 words)

	Korean Job Discussion Forums :: View topic - Automatic Korean Blacklist Site
		Following up on a previous thread here about a Korean Blacklist surfers can add to automaticly....
		I second the idea to stray away from any mention of a "fllist" or a "whitelist" for that matter.
		Those terms are too loaded, and I'd like to see the site used for more than hakwan ratings.
	www.eslcafe.com /forums/korea/viewtopic.php?t=3763&view=next (651 words)

	Blacklist Music - Favorite Songs - Lyrics From (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The first thing you notice about the Blacklist DVD when you pop it in is the...
		Blacklist does pick up with "Decompression," which introduces you to the...
		Blacklist Studio () was a group of Taiwanese musicians who came together...
	www.lyricsfrom.com /artists/b/Blacklist.html (1185 words)

	Blacklist Studio -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Blacklist Studio -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article
		Blacklist Studio (黑名單工作室) was a group of (A native or inhabitant of Taiwan) Taiwanese musicians who came together and released a ground-breaking album in 1989 called Songs of Madness (抓狂歌).
		The first album's notes reveal the seriousness with which the group assessed its own role in Taiwan's musical development.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/B/Bl/Blacklist_Studio.htm (281 words)

	The Columnists.com has columns about entertainment, television, music, and screen classics
		The new worries about a possible fllist are motivated by the Bush administration's push to brand anti-war actors and entertainers like Susan Sarandon, Tim Robbins, Martin Sheen and the Dixie Chicks as "disloyal" or "un-American" because they have spoken out against the president and his decision to involve Americans in a war with Iraq.
		Karen Morley was fllisted in 1947 after she refused to answer questions put to her by the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) about her possible membership in the American Communist Party.
		The slammers were a handful of right-wing studio bosses who believed Morley subscribed to the idea of a violent overthrow of the American government--and a whole lot of cowardly executives who knew that wasn't true, but were afraid to stand up for their own convictions.
	www.thecolumnists.com /miller/miller280.html (1617 words)

	Blacklist: A different look at the 1947 HUAC hearings (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		In his autobiography “Inside Out: A Memoir of the Blacklist”, Walter Bernstein, contributing writer for The New Yorker, and former screenwriter, claimed that while he was working at Columbia Pictures, he and Director Robert Rossen, would set out deliberately to include some leftist point of view in a particular scene.
		It was from these latter hearings in Washington and in Hollywood, that the infamous BLACKLIST evolved.
		By that time, and as a direct result of these more recent hearings, more than 324 people had been fired by the studios and were no longer permitted to work in the Motion Picture Industry, none more pathetic than actor Larry Parks.
	www.moderntimes.com /palace/blacklist.htm (1571 words)

	http://xft001/metz/fifties.htm
		The reasons for the "death" of the Classical Hollywood Studio System lie in the Paramount Decree, a Supreme Court decision finalized in 1948 which declared that the studio system was an oligopoly (an industry controlled by a few companies) which colluded against fair competition.
		The Demise of the Blacklist: The rigid control Hollywood had over its talent during the Classical Hollywood period was abused most forthrightly during the anti-Communist witchhunting of the late 1940s and early 1950s, as I have discussed previously.
		A myth that traditional film historians propagate is that Hollywood studio heads were too stupid to sense the threat that television presented to their industry.
	www.montana.edu /metz/website/filmamer/fifties.htm (2028 words)

	AAS Abstracts: China Session 52 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		I will study the various ways of searching for identity employed by two Taiwanese musical groups-Blacklist Studio and the New Formosa Entertainment Troupe-and their critique of the discourse of identity circulated in Taiwan after the lifting of martial law.
		One of most conspicuous facets derived from changes in the political environment is the development of "new Taiwanese music." Musical groups such as Blacklist Studio mix several languages-Mandarin Chinese, Taiwanese, and English-to portray multilingual Taiwan as the new native Taiwanese consciousness while criticizing the political and social situations in Taiwan.
		For instance, Blacklist Studio highlights the existence of the Taiwanese Aboriginals as a way to return to "simple" and "essential" Taiwanese-ness.
	www.aasianst.org /absts/1997abst/china/c52.htm (1342 words)

	THOUGHT-CONTROL-IN-AMERICA: The Birth of the BLACKLIST
		Fifty years after the fllist's beginnings, the scars are still visible; wounds that should have healed are still fresh.
		Historians now view the fllist as a critical event in American postwar history, a symbolic turning point in the seismic shift from the progressive ideals of the New Deal to the anti- communist paranoia of the Cold War...
		Friends turned on one another, informing on colleagues and writing partners; fllisted writers created multiple fictitious identities; movie stars were forced to admit they'd been duped by Reds to save their careers.
	www.worldfreeinternet.net /news/nws49.htm (2095 words)

	[No title]
		I made the film, and after the film had its run the Gallup poll organization polled the public and the findings were that twenty-nine percent of the people admitted that had influenced them in getting their taxes in early and giving them a picture of what taxes will do.
		During the war we thought it was a different thing.
		WD: No; at the present time I feel that everybody in my studio is one-hundred-percent American.
	eserver.org /filmtv/disney-huac-testimony.txt (2573 words)

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