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Topic: Blackwall Tunnel

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	Greenwich Guide - The Blackwall Tunnel
		Blackwall Tunnel is a free road tunnel under the River Thames, between Blackwall Point in East Greenwich and East India Dock Road in Poplar.
		One hundred years earlier the first bore of the tunnel was opened, on 22 May 1897, and the second bore was opened thirty years before, on 2 August 1967.
		The tunnel was in places only five feet six inches (1.67 metres) below the bed of the river, and the use of compressed air in the tunnel meant that sometimes the pressure was too much and the ceiling of the tunnel would give way.
	www.greenwich-guide.org.uk /blackwall.htm (399 words)

	traffic in Greenwich (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Blackwall tunnel caused terrific snarl ups in Greenwich for a very long time.
		It was so bad it was decided to build a second tunnel to take off the pressure.
		Other buses to go down Blackwall Lane were 185, and routes 108, 108a, 108b.
	www.yellins.co.uk /transporthistory/bus5/traffic.html (262 words)

	Blackwall Tunnel - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Blackwall Tunnel is a road tunnel underneath the River Thames in London, linking the London Borough of Greenwich with the London Borough of Tower Hamlets.
		The tunnel crossing is a key link between north and south sides of the river and forms part of a key route into central London from south-east London and Kent.
		The older western tunnel, designed by Sir Alexander Binnie and built by S Pearson and Sons for the London County Council at a cost of £1.4 million, was opened by the Prince of Wales on 22 May 1897 and was then the longest underwater tunnel in the world at 4,410 feet (1,344 m) long.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Blackwall_Tunnel (509 words)

	BLACKWALL TUNNEL : Encyclopedia Entry
		The Blackwall Tunnel is a pair of road tunnels underneath the River Thames in east London, linking the London Borough of Tower Hamlets with the London Borough of Greenwich.
		Before the opening of the Dartford Tunnel in 1963, the Blackwall Tunnel was the easternmost river crossing for vehicles, excluding ferries.
		The northern ventilation towers for the new Blackwall tunnel.
	www.bibleocean.com /OmniDefinition/Blackwall_Tunnel (802 words)

	BBC News \| EUROPE \| Light at the end of the tunnel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The tunnel is on the main Bergen-Oslo road but carries only a fraction of the traffic of the big Alpine tunnels.
		The tunnel is also fitted with a state-of-the-art ventilation system and there are 15 special signal boosters which allow mobile phones to work inside it.
		Mr Jenssen said Blackwall and some of Britain's tunnels could benefit from some of their ideas but he said: "In high density city tunnels there are other problems, such as disorientation.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/world/europe/1945581.stm (892 words)

	SMART tunnel \| Tunnels \| Mott MacDonald (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The dual-purpose tunnel will divert floodwaters away from the confluence of the two major rivers running through the city centre while its central section will double up as a two-deck motorway to relieve traffic congestion at the main southern gateway into the city centre.
		Then it was considered that the 11.8m internal diameter tunnel could be utilised in periods of low rainfall as a highway tunnel to alleviate Kuala Lumpur’s congested highway infrastructure.
		During the once or twice yearly heavy storms a switch is made to mode three when the tunnel is closed to road traffic and the full tunnel section with a combined capacity of 3 million cubic metres becomes available to divert the dramatically increased flows.
	www.tunnels.mottmac.com /projects/?mode=type&id=2047 (597 words)

	Lords Hansard text for 30 Jul 1997 (170730w08)
		The layout of the tunnels means they can only be maintained safely by closing them to traffic.
		In addition to the regular planned maintenance carried out on a weekly basis at night and the three consecutive weekend maintenance closures at six-monthly intervals, the northbound tunnel is currently subject to additional daily and night-time closures to facilitate construction of the over-height vehicle escape ramp.
		You may also be interested to note that sadly both Blackwall Tunnels were closed for a period during the morning of Saturday 26 July following a fatality in the southbound tunnel.
	www.publications.parliament.uk /pa/ld199798/ldhansrd/vo970730/text/70730w08.htm (330 words)

	Victorian London - Thames - Tunnels - Greenwich Tunnel (opened 1902)
		Hardly was Blackwall Tunnel out of hand when the London County Council turned its attention to another sub-aqueous scheme.
		Besides, there was little promise of any vehicular traffic, with Blackwall Tunnel so near on the one side, and the promised Rotherhithe tunnel between the island and the Tower-bridge on the other.
		in diameter in each shaft for tunnel entrance, and during the sinking of the shafts these openings will be plugged by steel plugs, which will be removed when the tunnelling operations are commenced.
	www.victorianlondon.org /thames/greenwichtunnel.htm (518 words)

	BBC NEWS \| UK \| England \| London \| Tunnel closures until Christmas
		The tunnel will be closed from 2100 to 0800 from Friday and Saturday and from 2100 to 0600 on Monday morning.
		The work is expected to extend the life of the tunnel's southbound lane by 30 years.
		Essential repairs are also being made to the A12 Blackwall Tunnel Northern Approach at the junction between the East India Dock Road and Bow Road from Monday.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/uk_news/england/london/3946189.stm (349 words)

	Fitzpatrick - Blackwall Tunnel
		The North bound tunnel opened in 1867 and the South bound opened in 1996.
		Both tunnels require ongoing investment and maintenance to increase their efficiency and life span.
		Fitzpatrick provides the assurance that both tunnels are operational during peak rush hour times and guarantees the safety of all tunnel users.
	www.fitzpatrick.co.uk /default.asp?id=199 (215 words)

	alwaystouchout.com - Blackwall Tunnel refurbishment
		New features in the refurbished tunnel are variable message signs to warn of delays, advanced fire detection systems, mobile phone transmitters to assist drivers (particularly those with disabilities), cameras to automatically detect broken-down vehicles and a public address system for evacuation purposes.
		The 108 bus route which uses the tunnel is escorted through the tunnel until the end of service at 0100 each night.
		The tunnel was considered one the worst road tunnels in Europe for safety.
	www.alwaystouchout.com /project/102 (230 words)

	Heathrow Airside Road Tunnel \| Tunnels \| Mott MacDonald (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Heathrow’s 1.3 km long airside road tunnel (ART) has a dual purpose – to provide road access from Terminals 1, 2 and 3 to Terminal 5, and to serve the remote aircraft stands on the western edge of the airport from the central terminal area.
		Mott MacDonald has been responsible for the design of the twin tunnel bores and the approach structures along with highway design, mechanical and electrical definition design, and instrumentation and monitoring of this complex project.
		Recognising the need to provide safe egress and access at all times, the decision was taken to form twin single carriageway tunnels – but to ensure they were sufficiently wide to allow vehicles to pass one another in the case of a simple vehicle breakdown.
	www.tunnels.mottmac.com /projects/?mode=type&id=3372 (510 words)

	Science and Society Picture Library - Search
		When the tunnel opened fully in 1897 it was the longest underwater tunnel in the world, at 6200 feet.
		Construction, using the tunneling shield technique pioneered by Marc Isambard Brunel in the building of his Thames Tunnel, was difficult.
		The tunnel had to be excavated through sand, and in places ran less than 6 feet beneath the river bed.
	www.scienceandsociety.co.uk /results.asp?image=10283926 (142 words)

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		However it survived until the Woolwich Ferry, Blackwall Tunnel and Greenwich foot tunnel finally sealed its fate.
		One of the Potters Ferry's crossed from Billingsgate St, Greenwich adjacent to the where the foot tunnel was built, to the northern shore at the approximate location of the termination of Ferry Street.
		Reporting on the opening of the Greenwich foot tunnel, the Kentish Mail describes the demise of the ferry (possibly the railway ferry).
	homepage.ntlworld.com /davidlloyd/Greenwich.htm (2744 words)

	Greenwich Council - Travel & transport - Bridges and tunnels
		The Blackwall Tunnel links the A1261 north of the River Thames to the A102 near the Greenwich Peninsula.
		The Blackwall Tunnel Manager on behalf of Transport for London is responsible for the maintenance of both the tunnel and the A102 approach road.
		For enquiries including planned closures of the Blackwall Tunnel please contact the Manager on 020 7987 7909 or 020 7987 4208 (24 hour service).
	www.greenwich.gov.uk /Greenwich/Travel/BridgesTunnels.htm (144 words)

	Guardian \| Blackwall tunnel ranked among worst in Europe
		The Blackwall tunnel in east London has been criticised by motoring groups for inadequate safety facilities, with "very poor" emergency procedures ranking among the worst in Europe.
		On the safety scale, the Blackwall tunnels rank 28th and 29th of the 30 European tunnels that were examined.
		The report found that the Blackwall's traffic lanes, just 2.24 metres wide, were short of the recommended width of 3.5m, its ventilation equipment was not heat-resistant, and emergency phones lacked sound proofing.
	www.guardian.co.uk /print/0,3858,4400276-103630,00.html (501 words)

	The Motorway Archive. A102(M) Blackwall Tunnel Southern Approach
		This was one of the four independent sections of urban motorway in London, which built by the Greater London Council (GLC) during the period 1967 to 1973, funded by the Council with 25% government grant.
		The road is dual 3-lane and runs from the Shooters Hill, which it underpasses, to Blackwall Tunnel whose duplication was underway in 1965; the first major in-house civil engineering contract let by the GLC was for the third and final phase of the tunnel for carriageway and wall lining.
		There are two overbridges close to Shooters Hill and two prestressed concrete flyovers, at Woolwich Road and Blackwall Lane, each incorporating the BBRV system of prestressing; the wires in each cable were specified to run untwisted between end blocks.
	www.iht.org /motorway/a102mbtapp.htm (748 words)

	Street Management - A102 Blackwall Tunnel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		There will also be disruptions to the southbound approach to the tunnel during the above months due to the installation of a bus lane between the Brunswick Road on and off-slip roads and the widening of the Brunswick Road on-slip.
		We are working on the Blackwall Tunnel to carry out essential refurbishments and to make it safer for all users.
		The works are being carried out to improve journey times for buses heading for the Blackwall Tunnel and increase the stacking capacity of traffic on the slip road.
	www.tfl.gov.uk /streets/blackwall.shtml (435 words)

	LondonTown.com \| Blackwall Tunnel Northern Approach Guide \| Blackwall Tunnel Northern Approach London, E3, England, UK ...
		Blackwall Tunnel Northern Approach is located in the borough of Tower Hamlets
		The nearest underground station to Blackwall Tunnel Northern Approach is 'Bromley-by-Bow ' which is about 9 minutes to the North West.
		Transportation near to Blackwall Tunnel Northern Approach, E3:
	www.londontown.com /LondonStreets/blackwall_tunnel_northern_approach_9fb.html (141 words)

	Section of the Blackwall tunnel. - - Port Cities
		Description: When the tunnel was opened on 22 May 1897 it was the longest underwater tunnel in the world.
		Several of the huge framing sections were assembled at the Thames Ironworks.
		The construction of the tunnel, which took six years, cost £1,400,000 - a figure inflated by the building of the tunnel itself, the cost of re-housing over 600 people and the purchase of land.
	www.portcities.org.uk /server/show/ConMediaFile.340/Section-of-theBlackwall-tunnel.html (65 words)

	SABRE - Road Lists - Roads by 10 - A102
		The original Blackwall tunnel was opened in 1897, and the very tight alignment reflects that this was long before anyone had even thought about HGVs, let alone built any.
		In 1967, the original Blackwall tunnel was converted to one-way operation, carrying northbound traffic across the Thames only, whilst southbound traffic used the new tunnel.
		To the north of the river, over the tunnel portal, you can see the windows of the tunnel control room, which, in addition to the Blackwall Tunnel, also monitors the Rotherhithe tunnel.
	www.sabre-roads.org.uk /roadlists/r10/notes.php?number=A102 (554 words)

	June 2006
		Blackwall Tunnel was designed by Alexandra Binnie, LCC Engineer, and built between 1892-1897.
		Tunnel, in 1914, was being used by 1493 vehicles daily, 491 motor powered and 1002 horse drawn.
		Tunnel led to the construction of another tunnel to the west of the old one.
	www.btinternet.com /~eastlondonpostcard/POM2006/Jun06.htm (385 words)

	Bike Chat Forums : Blackwall Tunnel - motorway ?
		The left side is the slip road and the right is the tunnel approach road.
		I'm 99% sure that the flwall tunnel is part of the A2, therefore can be used by learners...
		Blackwall is an A-road, as is Dartford tunnel/Bridge beleive it or not.
	www.bikechatforums.com /viewtopic.php?p=1182375 (925 words)

	traffic in Greenwich (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Blackwall tunnel caused terrific snarl ups in Greenwich for a very long time.
		It was so bad it was decided to build a second tunnel to take off the pressure.
		Things did improve after the new approach road was opened, traffic queued on the approach road rather than the streets of Greenwich.
	www.yellins.com /transporthistory/bus5/traffic.html (262 words)

	Route 395 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Although on the north side the route ran no further than the tunnel mouth — thus not linking with the north London route network — the south end was later extended to serve the length of Rotherhithe Street, eventually making it right round the peninsula to loop back onto itself at the south tunnel entrance.
		However, in order to maintain a service through the Rotherhithe Tunnel, it was decided to introduce a new route, numbered 395, which would run from Surrey Quays via some back streets to Rotherhithe and then through the tunnel to terminate at Limehouse, rather as the old 82 had done.
		The Rotherhithe Tunnel is quite different to the Blackwall Tunnels.
	website.lineone.net /~londonbusphotos/395.htm (1028 words)

	LDDC Monograph - Laying the Foundations for Regeneration
		This section of the tunnel was constructed under an air pressure of 1 bar and employed the use of bolted segments which were later relined.
		The total length of tunnels within the Royal Docks connected to the pumping stations is 10 km with an additional 3 km of trench constructed sewers forming the upstream and shallower lengths.
		Tunnels have been constructed by pipejack and segmental construction, to suit the variability of ground conditions encountered.
	www.lddc-history.org.uk /engineering (16146 words)

	Green Party - GLA News - Tolls for Blackwall Tunnel to Pay for East London River Crossings (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The report commissioned by the London Development Agency argues that the tolls are needed to finance three crossings further down the River Thames.
		Only the report argues that car drivers using the Blackwall Tunnel would be charged £1, lorries £2.50 but ‘non-local’ users could pay double.
		The report gives estimates for additional employment, commercial floor space and housing which it claims would be generated as a result of the river crossings.
	archive.greenparty.org.uk /gla/news/2001/03/elrcrossing.htm (640 words)

	London Transport Central Area Routes 40–44
		It continued to run on Saturdays and Sundays between Poplar (Blackwall Tunnel) and Camberwell Green, extended on Saturday afternoons to Herne Hill, and on Sundays to Norwood Junction.
		In 1963 it was extended on Sundays from London Bridge to Poplar (Blackwall Tunnel) via Aldgate, Stepney East and Limehouse.
		In 1991 it was withdrawn south of Tooting Station and north of Vauxhall, and replaced to London Bridge by new route 344.
	www.angelfire.com /ult/eplate/040s.html (1587 words)

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