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Topic: Blackwork Embroidery

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	Blackwork Embroidery
		A favourite motif on her clothing was the pomegranate which was used as a heraldic device in Granada, where Catherine lived as a child.
		Blackwork continued to thrive under the reign of Elizabeth I, but it lost its popularity during the 17th century.
		Blackwork is also an integral part of Assisi Embroidery where it is used to outline the main motif and some of the decoration.
	www.guajara.com /wiki/en/wikipedia/b/bl/blackwork_embroidery.html (244 words)

	Blackwork Embroidery -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Historically, flwork was used on clothing in the time of (Son of Henry VII and King of England from 1509 to 1547; his divorce from Catherine of Aragon resulted in his break with the Catholic Church in 1534 and the start of the Reformation in England (1491-1547)) Henry VIII.
		The double-running stitch employed in Blackwork is often called (German painter and engraver noted for his portraits; he was commissioned by Henry VIII to provide portraits of the English king's prospective brides (1497-1543)) Holbein stitch.
		Blackwork is also an integral part of (Click link for more info and facts about Assisi Embroidery) Assisi Embroidery where it is used to outline the main motif and some of the decoration.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/b/bl/blackwork_embroidery.htm (455 words)

	CONK! Encyclopedia: Blackwork_Embroidery (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Historically, flwork was used on shirts and chemises or smocks in England from the time of Henry VIII.
		Blackwork in silk on linen was a predominant domestic embroidery technique for clothing (shirts, smocks, sleeves, ruffs, and caps) and for household items such as cushion covers throughout the reign of Elizabeth I, but it lost its popularity by the 17th century.
		Blackwork is also an integral part of Assisi Embroidery where it is used to outline the main motif and some of the decoration.
	www.conk.com /search/encyclopedia.cgi?q=Blackwork_Embroidery (422 words)

	Lia de Thornegge's Embroidery (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		This particular embroidery was of the Drachenwald Broiderer's Guild.
		Blackwork is a debated topic which can be defined in any number of ways, but I am working from the definition presented at the Historical Needlework Resources site, a most excellent site for such information.
		The first piece of flwork embroidery I did was take some left over piece of linen from sewing a smock to try out some patterns and practice.
	swein.campus.luth.se /lia/embroidery.html (1268 words)

	Blackwork Embroidery
		Blackwork was used widely on garments from approximately 1450 into the early seventeenth century.
		Few examples remain from this period, as the designs were a popular form of patterning on clothing and household linen (made from white linen or cambric) constant use and washing meant most pieces were thrown away when they became worn.
		By the 1960’s new life was injected into flwork through the Needlework Development Scheme of Great Britain, which had a beneficial influence on all kinds of embroidery during this time.
	www.goldingcraft.com /blackwork.htm (405 words)

	Beginner's Guide, Introduction to Blackwork Embroidery - Associated Content
		Blackwork history is full of interesting stories, including those of kings and queens who have worked or worn the embroidery.
		Blackwork is embroidery traditionally done on white or off-white evenweave fabric with fl thread.
		The most common stitches used in flwork are: double running stitch, also called the spanish stitch, the holbein stitch, or the line stitch, stem stitch, back stitch, split stitch, bosnia stitch, and others like the double cross and the algerian eye.
	www.associatedcontent.com /article/80647/beginners_guide_introduction_to_blackwork.html (718 words)

	Blackwork Embroidery, an Art with a Past
		The regular and repetitive patterns of flwork embroidery are sometimes referred to as "arabesque." In the 1500's, the designs were mainly fl and white scrolling patterns for cuffs and collars, and bore a fair resemblance to lace.
		Blackwork embroidery became a non-reversible addition to clothing and linen, and its popularity spread far and wide.
		Heavy embroidery, often even on silk, served to costume royalty and peasant alike throughout the Elizabethan and Tudor periods in England, and flwork embroidery became tremendously modish.
	www.embroideryhq.com /Blackwork_Embroidery,_an_Art_with_a_Past.html (397 words)

	The Sophisticated Stitcher: Blackwork, Part 1
		But while the term "flwork" usually brings to mind the scrolling stems and floral designs filled in with diapering, this style is actually the second of three distinct changes the stitch would go through during the 16th century.
		While some believe that flwork was brought to England from Spain in 1501 by Katherine of Aragon, the first of Henry VIII's six wives, Chaucer's description of Alison, the carpenter's wife, would suggest that fl-on-white embroidery had been around in England prior to the 1500s.
		The flwork stitched by Katherine of Aragon was mostly linear patterns done in double running stitch to decorate the edges of cuffs and collars.
	www.thesophisticatedstitcher.com /art2000/blackwork1.php (1168 words)

	Blackwork - Cunnan
		Blackwork is a form of embroidery which involves the use of fl thread on a white background fabric.
		Blackwork became popular in England during the reign of Henry VIII, and the style is often called Spanishe Worke, a name given to it due to its introduction to England being linked with the Henry's wife, Catherine of Aragon.
		The most common materials for working flwork in the 16th Century were fl silk thread on a white linen ground.
	cunnan.sca.org.au /wiki/Blackwork (509 words)

	The Sophisticated Stitcher: Blackwork, Part 2
		Elizabethans adorned their flwork with touches of silver-gilt thread, but by the early years of the 17th century, the technique had lost its luster.
		Soon, she knew enough to be certified as a flwork instructor by the EGA, one of the first.
		But she has created "a wardrobe of clothes decorated with flwork to wear when I teach." A typical piece might be a white vest with flwork panels down both sides of the front.
	www.thesophisticatedstitcher.com /art2000/blackwork2.php (679 words)

	BMMT - Blackwork
		It’s generally believed that flwork existed in England prior to the 15th century (see Chaucer's description of the miller's wife), it was made popular by Catherine of Aragon, when she married Henry VIII in 1509.
		Once the Elizabethans got their hands on flwork, they took it to extremes, decorating entire sleeves and skirts with it.
		One of the wonderful characteristics of flwork is that it can be worked to look the same on both sides of the material.
	www.geocities.com /monstonitrus/a_and_s/blackwork/blackwork.html (832 words)

	Blackwork Embroidery Kits - Blackwork Embroidery, Hand Embroidery Designs as an Alternative to Cross-stitch.
		Blackwork embroidery can be worked within a tacked outline of the design using the variety of different Blackwork stitches provided or it can be worked directly from the chart, instructions for both methods are given in the instruction booklet.
		The original embroidery is worked on 32 count Etamin 100% cotton fabric which is a off-white colour fabric with even weave threads (all threads are the same thickness) which is a nice soft fabric and is easier to see and count compared to the Belfast linen.
		Blackwork embroidery is worked within a tacked outline of the design with a variety of different flwork stitches.
	www.berlinembroidery.com /blackwork.htm (2954 words)

	An introduction to blackwork embroidery
		Let's start with some of the questions I am often asked about flwork.
		flwork patterns are usually worked on an evenly woven fabric by counting the fabric threads.
		However, the design can be transferred onto the fabric, and surface embroidery stitches can be used (mainly for the outlines).
	www.needlework-tips-and-techniques.com /blackwork.html (393 words)

	A Blackwork Embroidery Primer
		Black on white embroidery dates back many centuries in various cultures all over the world, but what came to be know as Blackwork, the scrolling designs that adorned clothing, especially sleeves, cuffs and collars reached its peak during the reign of King Henry VIII.
		It is often said that Blackwork became so popular in Tudor England was because it was a less expensive alternative to lace, but more likely, it was popular due to the sumptuary laws that prevented anyone except for ranking nobility from wearing frivolous or excessive clothing.
		The introduction of this type of Blackwork to England is frequently attributed to Catherine of Aragon, the daughter of Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain, who was sent to England at the tender age of sixteen to be wed to Prince Arthur, the eldest son of King Henry VII.
	www.prettyimpressivestuff.com /blackwork.htm (2537 words)

	Garden Fairies: Hand Embroidery Book Catalog
		Brazilian Embroidery is one of the prettiest bullion floral art forms around that have inspired many a smocked bodice in it's variations.
		Stumpwork embroidery, which originated in the 2and half of the 17th century, is enjoying a vigorous revival.
		Jane Nicholas, the author of Stumpwork Embroidery Designs and Projects, is at the forefront of the modern designers interpreting this beautiful raised embroidery, with it's satin backgrounds, padding, and motifs which are either embroidered direct o the fabric or applied as detached shapes, ad final embellishments, particularly beads.
	www.smockingstore.com /emb.html (2984 words)

	Linda's Thread - Blackwork and other needling
		Blackwork is really a misnomer for a style of monochromatic embroidery; it has also been called Spanish work, though Spaniards have no monopoly on it.
		I developed this design from the concept of reversible embroidery (possibly Arabic in origin), using the four-petalled rose and rosebud common in early counted-stitch embroidery, in a border pattern.
		The embroidery itself took about twenty or so hours; the time is hard to track, as most of it was done piecemeal over several weeks, but I measured the section of border I completed during a movie and was able to approximate from that.
	www.island.net /~doerksen/needle.html (410 words)

	ANG: American Needlepoint Guild - Blackwork -- An Introduction
		Polychrome embroidery was popular in the first half of the 16th century but more so was linear embroidery in monochrome silk.
		Blackwork is in its greatest revival at the moment.
		Blackwork may be combined with other forms of needlework.
	www.needlepoint.org /Archives/Blackwork/Article.php (1180 words)

	A Blackwork Embroidery Primer
		Black on white embroidery dates back many centuries in various cultures all over the world, but what came to be know as Blackwork, the scrolling designs that adorned clothing, especially sleeves, cuffs and collars reached its peak during the reign of King Henry VIII.
		It is often said that Blackwork became so popular in Tudor England was because it was a less expensive alternative to lace, but more likely, it was popular due to the sumptuary laws that prevented anyone except for ranking nobility from wearing frivolous or excessive clothing.
		Blackwork seems to be popular with more experienced stitchers, despite the fact that it is actually quite simple to master.
	prettyimpressivestuff.com /blackwork.htm (2537 words)

	Blackwork Embroidery by Mathilde Eschenbach
		Although the embroidery seems to have been a cheap form of decoration, used by those who could not afford silk brocades, it was still valued enough to be reused, since there are examples of fragments pieced together to make a child's garment and doll clothing.
		Also, this type of embroidery could be used to establish the outline of an area, and then be covered over with a different stitch such as braid stitch or detached buttonhole stitch.
		In the 16th century, flwork seems to have been a generic term that referred to any embroidery done in fl thread on a white ground.
	mywebpages.comcast.net /mathilde/embroidery/blackwrk.htm (1901 words)

	blackwork embroidery
		An archive of flwork embroidery patterns for historical costuming.
		Blackwork embroidery was generally worked in fl silk...
		Blackwork is a counted-thread embroidery worked in geometric designs with fl silk on even-weave linen...
	www.1st-in-needlepoint.com /5/blackwork-embroidery.html (428 words)

	2002 Challenge Series Swaps - Blackwork Embroidery
		Blackwork Embroidery is a counted thread stitch, worked on even weave linen or other fabric.
		One of the reasons Blackwork was so popular (besides the fact the Queen was doing it, so we must do it as well) was the fact that it emulated lace, which at the time was highly taxed.
		Instead, Blackwork is seen as a study in light and dark.
	www.silk-ribbon-embroidery.com /PrintBlack.htm (1207 words)

	Blackwork Embroidery
		Tradition holds that flwork was imported to England by Catherine of Aragon, the first of Henry VIII's six wives.
		Catherine was the youngest surviving child of Spanish monarchs Ferdinand and Isabella, and because of this connection with Spain, flwork is sometimes referred to as "Spanish stitch" or "Spanysshe work." However, geometric stitching in silk on linen, very much like Tudor and Elizabethan flwork, is found in Moorish embroideries executed centuries before Catherine lived.
		Blackwork can be worked using any one of a number of outline stitches, among them back stitch, stem stitch, and split stitch.
	tasha.htmlplanet.com /SCA/blackwork.html (572 words)

	Blackwork Embroidery - Definition, explanation
		Blackwork is usually executed on evenweave fabric that is easily countable.
		Most modern flwork follows this pattern, especially the commercially produced patterns that are marketed for hobby stitchers.
		The entire embroidery is curvilinear, and often uses random stitches, so-called seed stitches, as filling rather than geometric patterns.
	www.calsky.com /lexikon/en/txt/b/bl/blackwork_embroidery.php (690 words)

	Mid 16th- Century Reversible Blackwork handkerchief
		Blackwork had its origins in the Middle East.
		There are two kinds of usage for flwork, namely outline/border and fillwork.
		Essentially, early flwork is a counted-thread embroidery worked in complex geometric shapes and patterns.
	ourworld.cs.com /_ht_a/constancefairfax/blackwork.htm (888 words)

	Mathilde Eschenbach's Medieval Egyptian Counted-Thread Embroidery Page
		USES: These embroideries seem to be everyday pieces, and unlike the the elaborate brocades that made their way to the treasuries of Euopean churches, they were used until worn out, possibly re-used if some of the embroidery could be salvaged, and then discarded.
		Also in the exhibit is a 19th century Spanish sampler with a section of remarkably similar patterns in the upper right quarter.
		There is an SCA site on Middle Eastern topics which is mostly focused on costume and knitting, but it does include one photo (at the bottom of a long page) of embroidery, which happens to be the same piece I based my bag on.
	mywebpages.comcast.net /mathilde/embroidery/mameluke.htm (731 words)

	Blackwork Techniques and History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The art of Blackwork, a simple yet challenging counted thread embroidery, was widely practiced in the Elizabethan era.
		Blackwork embroidery was not limited to the garments of the fairer sex.
		Blackwork is a bit of a misnomer, as the patterns were worked in other colors, most often red (Scarletwork) and white (Whitework).
	home.aol.com /lclacemker/blkwk1.html (391 words)

	Blackwork Embroidery
		Blackwork creates the look of lace, making a dramatic appearance, as simple or complex as the stitcher desires.
		Contrary to its name, flwork does not require the stitching to be done in fl.
		Blackwork can be stitched on many types of fabric to adorn everything from handkerchiefs and cross stitch samplers, to fancy dress attire.
	www.hobbyloco.com /blackwork.html (316 words)

	Blackwork Embroidery Archives
		Blackwork is a counted-thread embroidery worked in geometric designs with fl silk on even-weave linen.
		The best way to get a feel for historical use of flwork is to look at the many iconic portraits painted at this time (consult the bibliography for sources, or visit Tudor and Elizabethan Portraits and the Blackwork Gallery at The Elizabethan Practical Companion).
		Portrait of Elizabeth Brydges (detail), showing flwork on cuffs and at the square neckline of her smock, by Hieronimo Custodis, 1589, from Tudor and Elizabethan Portraits.
	www.blackworkarchives.com /bw_cost.html (382 words)

	blackwork
		Blackwork is a form of embroidery that uses fl thread on a white or cream ground.
		This type of embroidery was used on skirts, sleeves, and the edges of sheets and pillows, since the back wasn't in view.
		Blackwork Embroidery by Elizabeth Geddes and Moyra McNeill.
	www.white-works.com /blackwork.htm (1043 words)

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